（新课标）2020届高考英语二轮复习 攻关篇 专题四 说明文

专题四说明文专项强化训练AEvery fast-food employee knows that the drive-through window is the worst position.The window sticks with constant ice;the roar of engines hurts your 1;your words are lost in the howling wind.On a 2afternoon,everything changed.Every once in a while,the sub-zero temperatures seal a 3 windows shut.Drivers dont exactly enjoy having to stand outside in the cold,4 their orders into a speaker box,when they expect to drive through on their heated leather seats.In such cases,most customers tend to show their annoyance to the employees.This woman was 5.“Ill get the next cars 6 as well,”she said as she came up to the window to pay.She stood outside,7much snow on her hair.Though she was obviously freezing,her bright 8lit up her face like a fire.“You cant 9 their drinks,”I said,confused and tired.“No,but Ill buy them,”she said.Completely puzzled,I charged her as 10,and when the next customer arrived at the window I explained what had just happened.I watched as his 11 changedfirst angry to be out in the cold,then 12at the random act of kindness,and finally,delighted by his 13.“I suppose Ill pay for the next order then,”he replied,nodding and waving at the impatient driver 14him.He 15over the cash and received his pre-paid hot drink.The trend continued.Customers arrived annoyed,only to leave 16 and pleased.Some were shocked to spend much more than they had expected,17 others ended up receiving their order for less than half the price.Five vehicles passed,then ten,then twenty.No one refused to pay.Customers stood at my window 18 a fistful of change to buy drinks for a complete stranger.Cars drove off,honking(鸣笛) and 19their thanks.It only takes one customer,one person,to change the entire 20 of traffic.It only takes one moment,one smile,to warm up even the coldest of days.【语篇导读】文章讲的是在寒冷的冬天,一位陌生女士为下一位顾客付了款,下一位顾客又帮着再下一位付了款,这样所有的顾客都是在寒冷、不耐烦中到来,在高兴、温暖中离开。有时候,偶然为之的善意举动会使人温暖。1.A.earsB.handsC.feetD.back解析:根据常识可知引擎的轰鸣声对耳朵(ears)有伤害,故A项正确。答案:A2.A.freezingB.sunnyC.warmD.usual解析:freezing“冰冻的,严寒的”;sunny“阳光充足的”;warm“暖和的”;usual“通常的,平常的”。根据下一段句首的Every once in a while,the sub-zero temperatures.可推断天气很冷,故A项正确。答案:A3.A.trucksB.vehiclesC.carsD.lorrys解析:truck“卡车”;vehicle“车辆”;car“汽车”;lorry“货车”。零度以下的气温使得车辆的窗户都密封了。此处泛指各种交通车辆,包括卡车,汽车等,故B项正确。答案:B4.A.offeringB.throwingC.screamingD.cancelling解析:offer“提供”;throw“投,抛”;scream“尖叫”;cancel“取消,撤销”。根据上半句Drivers dont exactly enjoy having to stand outside in the cold.可知驾驶员并不喜欢站在寒风里,再根据下句中.most customers tend to show their annoyance to the employees可推知此处表示:驾驶员对着话筒高声喊着点饮料,故C项符合语境。答案:C5.A.politeB.angryC.popularD.different解析:polite“有礼貌的”;angry“生气的”;popular“流行的”;different“不同的”。根据上段末In such cases,most customers tend to show their annoyance to the employees.以及下段中女士的表现可知此处表示这个女士与众不同,故D项正确。答案:D6.A.numberB.coffeeC.feeD.order解析:根据第14空前的I suppose Ill pay for the next order then可知此处表示她想顺便帮下一辆车的车主付餐费,故D项正确。答案:D7.A.coveringB.increasingC.gatheringD.falling解析:句意:她站在外面,很多雪落在她的头发上。cover“覆盖”;increase“增加”;gather“聚集”;fall“落下”。根据语境可知C项正确。答案:C8.A.eyesB.smileC.hairD.annoyance解析:句意:尽管她非常冷,但是她灿烂的微笑像火一样照亮了她的脸。根据上文可知她的与众不同,即不像其他驾驶员表现得那样恼怒,故此处B项正确。答案:B9.A.payB.takeC.buyD.bring解析:根据下文的but Ill buy them可知,此处表示“我”以为她想带走别人的饮料,故B项take正确。答案:B10.A.instructedB.requestedC.directedD.suggested解析:instruct“通知,指导”;request“要求,请求”;direct“指导,指挥”;suggest“建议;表明”。上段中讲到这位女士将为他们付款,“我”感到很困惑,但还是按照她的要求收费,根据语境可知B项正确。答案:B11.A.gestureB.expressionC.figureD.feeling解析:gesture“姿势,手势”;expression“表情”;figure“数字;人物;图形”;feeling“感觉”。根据破折号后的解释first angry to be out in the cold,then.可知此处表示“我”观察到他表情的改变,故B项正确。答案:B12.A.inspiredB.upsetC.surprisedD.disappointed解析:inspired“有灵感的”;upset“心烦的,混乱的”;surprised“惊讶的”;disappointed“失望的,沮丧的”。根据语境可知,此处表示女士后面的顾客随后对这种偶然为之的善举感到很惊讶,故C项正确。答案:C13.A.turnB.senseC.deedD.luck解析:turn“转向,转变”;sense“感觉”;deed“行为”;luck“运气”。根据语境可知此处表示最后他对于自己的幸运感到很开心,故D项正确。答案:D14.A.beyondB.beforeC.besideD.behind解析:根据句首的I suppose Ill pay for the next order then可知,此处表示他也要帮后面(behind)等得不耐烦的司机付款。答案:D15.A.tookB.lookedC.handedD.thought解析:句意:他付了现金,拿起早已为他付过款的热饮。take over“接管,接受”;look over“检查,仔细查看”;hand over“交给,移交”;think over“仔细考虑”。根据语境可知C项正确。答案:C16.A.shyB.calmC.anxiousD.regretful解析:shy“害羞的”;calm“平静的”;anxious“焦虑的,担忧的”;regretful“后悔的,遗憾的”。根据此空前的only to可知,此处表示与前面的情况相反,即顾客来的时候很生气,但离开时却很平静很高兴,故B项正确。答案:B17.A.whileB.sinceC.asD.unless解析:句意:一些人惊讶地发现花费的比预料中的要多,而一些人拿到他们点的餐时花费却还不到他们预料的一半。由语境可知,此处表示转折,意为“然而,但是”,故用while引导。答案:A18.A.makingB.emptyingC.lyingD.holding解析:根据上句No one refused to pay可知此处表示顾客们都拿出钱来为下一个完全陌生的人买热饮,此处empty做动词,意为“清空,把弄空”,符合语境,即把钱拿出来。答案:B19.A.explainingB.sendingC.introducingD.casting解析:explain“解释”;send“发送,发射”;introduce“介绍,引进”;cast“投,抛”。根据语境可知此处表示鸣笛声送出了他们的感谢,故B项正确。答案:B20.A.jamB.rowC.flowD.line解析:前文提到一个又一个的人为其身后的顾客付款,故此处指只需要一个顾客,一个人,来改变绵绵不断的车流。flow“流动,流量”,符合语境。答案:CBHave you ever asked yourself what makes people successful?If you look around and talk to those who are very successful,you will see that they all 1 certain qualities which have proved 2 for their success.It is evident that successful people are those who act.When they find something needs to be done,they just do it instead of waiting.They believe that 3 is taken,not given.They 4 immediately what has to be done and then do it with 5,thus strengthening their reputation.Successful people are 6about the things they do,especially when they 7 what they are doing.They are motivated by their own 8 and the joy they get from doing their work.They work hard 9 when no one is watching and they throw themselves into their work.They do not 10 failure.Failures and disappointments in life are 11.It is failure that teaches us much more than success.Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and 12 and learn from each failure.They 13 with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those who 14 their achievement.Having good IQ often gets a person what he wants but its 15 the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation.Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect.By giving respect to others,they 16 respect for themselves.Another important 17 of successful persons is that they never complain.Its better to praise others.So instead of complaining about a situation,successful people always try to solve it.To put it 18,take action and be enthusiastic.Do not be afraid to fail,19 get up and start again.When you do so,success will be just 20 the corner.【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了做一个成功人士所具备的要素,即行动起来,充满热情,不要害怕失败,失败了站起来从头再来。1.A.improveB.raiseC.testD.possess解析:improve“改善,提高”;raise“增加;养育”;test“测试”;possess“拥有”。句意:如果你看看周围,并与那些成功人士讲话时,你会发现他们都具有某些在其成功过程中起到重要作用的优良品质。根据语境可知D项正确。答案:D2.A.vitalB.individualC.personalD.mental解析:vital“至关重要的”;individual“个体的”;personal“个人的”;mental“精神的”。根据语境可知,此处表示那些品质对于他们的成功来讲是至关重要的,故A项正确。答案:A3.A.devotionB.responsibilityC.authorityD.administration解析:devotion“敬业,投入”;responsibility“责任”;authority“权威”;administration“管理”。句意:他们认为应该去承担责任,而不是推卸责任。根据本段第一句It is evident that successful people are those who act.可知B项正确。答案:B4.A.sighB.showC.weighD.hope解析:sigh“叹息”;show“显示,表示”;weigh“权衡,考虑”;hope“希望”。根据语境可知此处表示他们立即考虑要做什么,故C项正确。答案:C5.A.pleasureB.honorC.adventureD.behavior解析:pleasure“快乐,乐意”;honor“荣誉”;adventure“探险”;behavior“行为”。根据下段中的the joy they get from doing their work提示可知A项符合语境。答案:A6.A.enthusiasticB.characteristicC.energeticD.authentic解析:enthusiastic“热情的”;characteristic“典型的”;energetic“精力充沛的”;authentic“真正的”。根据最后一段中的To put it ,take action and be enthusiastic.提示可知,此处表示成功的人对他们所做的事情充满热情,故A项正确。答案:A7.A.bring inB.believe inC.call inD.join in解析:bring in“引进”;believe in“相信,信任”;call in “打进电话”;join in“加入”。根据语境可知此处表示尤其是当他们坚信他们所做的事情时,故B项正确。答案:B8.A.effortB.satisfactionC.conditionD.value解析:effort“努力”;satisfaction“满意”;condition“条件,状况”;value“价值”。根据此空后的the joy they get from doing their work可知此处表示他们被自己的满足感而激励着,故B项正确。答案:B9.A.justB.rightC.onlyD.even解析:句意:他们努力工作,甚至在没有人关注时,他们仍旧全身心地投入到工作中。根据语境可知,空格前后两分句间为递进关系,故D项正确。答案:D10.A.representB.expectC.fearD.want解析:represent“代表,象征”;expect“期望”;fear“害怕,惧怕”;want“想要”。根据最后一段的Do not be afraid to fail可知此处表示他们并不害怕失败,故C项正确。答案:C11.A.apparentB.uncomfortableC.unavoidableD.urgent解析:apparent“明显的”;uncomfortable“不舒服的”;unavoidable“不可避免的”;urgent“紧迫的”。根据语境可知此处表示失败和失望在生活中是不可避免的,故C项正确。答案:C12.A.commitmentB.arrangementC.movementD.achievement解析:commitment“承诺,献身”;arrangement“安排”;movement“运动”;achievement“成就”。句意:成功的人在跌倒后会爬起来,并且更坚定地去尝试,并从每次失败中吸取教训。根据语境可知,此处用commitment和空前的determination相呼应。答案:A13.A.progressB.workC.associateD.celebrate解析:progress“进步”;work“工作”;associate“使联合”;celebrate“庆祝”。根据语境可知此处表示他们与那些他们可以向之学习的人交往,associate wit