2020届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 8 Adventure课时练（2）北师大版必修3

课时练(二)阅读理解提速练(练速度)(限时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2020华中师大附中高三上学期期中检测)Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2020 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.Tu shared the prize with Irishborn William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary antiroundworm treatment. 84yearold Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients suffering and promoting mankinds health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2020 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tus dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin (青蒿素), the key drug that battles malariafriendly parasites (寄生虫).However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesnt have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “threenoes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and shes never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred Chinas national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tus recordbreaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2020年度诺贝尔医学奖，作为一名“三无”(无医学学位、无博士学位、无海外经历)获奖者，她带给我们很多值得思考的东西。1We can know from the text that _.ATu worked at home and abroad to conduct her researchBTu got the Nobel Prize for her antiroundworm treatmentCthe Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her workDher discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“shes never worked overseas”可知A项错误；根据第二段第一句可知，进行antiroundworm treatment的是爱尔兰和日本的两位科学家，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，屠呦呦曾经获得过几个医学奖项，故C项错误。根据第二段第二句可知D项正确。2The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with_.Aa sense of national prideBrelevant academic knowledgeCa desire to achieve successDenthusiasm for scientific research解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个人无论什么背景、来自何处，只要专心于科学研究，就有可能成为一名科学家，故选D。3In writing the passage, the author intends to_.Ainform readers of the news and make commentsBdiscourage the pursuit of instant success in scienceCremind readers of the principles of scientific researchDpraise the award winner and encourage scientific research解析：选A写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者首先告知大家屠呦呦获奖的消息，然后对此进行评论，故选A。B(2020长春市高三质检二)Steve and I pulled trash for four solid hours continuously, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk. My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading for the street. But the rest of me said, “Go, trashman, go.”I could not have imagined there would be joy in this. Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours flew by.Saturday meant many people were outdoors working in their gardens or greenhouses. Most of them looked approachable enough. There wasnt time for lengthy talks but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways. But I was shocked to find that this wasnt the case.When I said hello to them, most often the response was either nothing at all, or a surprising stare because I had spoken.One woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly to the door. I heard the lock click.Steve complained angrily on the long ride to the dump：“They dont realize were humans.”I had originally planned to stay at this employment for only two days but now Im going to continue. I have decided, too, to keep saying hello in peoples yards. It doesnt do any harm, and it still feels right. Frankly, Im doing an essential task. I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning. Not many people can say that tonight.John Gardner wrote that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers (管子工) is in trouble. “Neither_its_pipes_nor_its_theories_will_hold_water，” he warned. He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise, theyll both leave rubbish behind.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名垃圾清理工，他以前对自己的工作不认同，后来逐渐以自己的工作为荣。4How did the woman feel when she heard the authors greeting?ADoubtful.BEmbarrassed.CFrightened. DPitiful.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“she gathered her housecoat tightly . I heard the lock click”可知，那位女士感到害怕，故选C项。5At the end of the passage, whats the authors attitude to his job?AHe is ashamed of it.BHe is boastful about it.CHe is proud of it.DHe isnt serious about it.解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Im doing an essential task. I left this country a little cleaner”可推知，作者为自己的工作感到自豪，故选C项。6What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?ABoth the facilities and the thoughts of society may go wrong.BBoth the trashmen and the economists should not be respected.CBoth practice and theories are important.DBoth the pipes and the theories make sense.解析：选A推理判断题。根据画线句前的“a society which . is in trouble”可推知，画线句主要是说人们对社会价值观的判断会出错，故选A项。7Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AAn Experience as a TrashmanBThe TrashmanCEconomists and TrashmenDMisunderstanding解析：选B标题归纳题。根据整篇文章内容可知，作者是一名垃圾清理工，以前他对自己的工作不认同，但后来逐渐以自己的工作为荣。故选B。A项突出的是一次经历，比较片面。C(2020江西八所重点中学联考)Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a national leader in public astronomy, and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. It is located on the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1,134 feet above sea level.Visitors may drive to the observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads. No reservation (预订) is required to visit. Parking is limited, and the busiest time is weekends. Buses, taxis, and car pools are welcome. LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro Red Line Station.Griffith Observatory is open six days a week. Admission and parking are free.Hours of OperationTuesdayFriday 12 noon10 pmSaturdaySunday 10 am10 pmMonday ClosedThanksgiving Day and Christmas DayClosedSamuel Oschin PlanetariumThe Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live, halfhour presentations each day. There are usually four different shows from which to choose.Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes. Check the website, information desks, or the box office for each days show time. Being seated late is not permitted.Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the observatory and are only available on the day of the show. The ticket prices for shows are：Adults (1359 years old)$7.00Children (512 years old) $3.00Seniors (60 years and older) $5.00Students $5.00Children under 5 years old will be admitted only to the first show each day.Hearing assist devices are available on request.Public TelescopesFree public telescopes are available each evening the observatory is open and skies are clear. The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7 pm. All observing must be completed by 9：45 pm.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国的著名景点格里菲斯天文台的相关信息。8What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the passage?AIt is open all the year around.BIt is mostly visited at weekends.CIt becomes famous because of Hollywood.DIt is the most attractive place in Los Angeles.解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“and the busiest time is weekends”可知，周末是格里菲斯天文台最繁忙的时间，故选B项。9Which of the following best describes the Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater?AHearing assist devices are provided to seniors.BThe shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes.CVisitors are required to be seated before the show starts.DThe tickets for the shows can be bought through the website.解析：选C细节理解题。根据Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“Being seated late is not permitted.”可知，每场剧开场之前，要提前入场就座，迟到了就不能进剧场了。故C项正确。10To watch the show, a young couple with a 7yearold son should pay _.A$13.00B$15.00C$17.00 D$20.00解析：选C数字计算题。根据文章所提供的票价“Adults(1359 years old) $7.00”“Children(512 years old) $3.00”可知，一对年轻夫妇和一个7岁男孩共需要17美元，故选C项。11Which of the following is charged?AParking. BTelescopes.CHearing assist devices. DWatching presentations.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章中的“Admission and parking are free.” “Free public telescopes are available”和“Hearing assist devices are available on request.”可知，A、B、C三项都是免费的；根据Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“The ticket prices for shows are”可知，观看表演要收费，故选D项。D(2020石家庄高三教学质检二)If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?According to Science Daily, about onethird of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called “materialists”， namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier?Back in 2020, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldnt they?To figure it out, Howell did another study. He classified a group of adults according to their personality types, ranging from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods versus spending money on experiences.As expected, the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic, because such purchases didnt fit with their personalities and values. But to Howells surprise, he found that materialists werent any happier even if they spent money on material items.This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. “There are certain value systems that are rejected by society，” said Howell. “When we find out someone is materialistic, we think less of them, and that drives their happiness down.”Another reason is that materialistic people always focus on what they dont have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less satisfied and grateful.If you happen to be a materialistic person, theres something you can try. “If materialists make more accurate purchases, rather than trying to impress others, they will be happier，” Howell said.You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher once said, “Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐。12What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?AMaterial goods bring people less happiness than experiences.BAbout onethird of the people prefer material goods to experiences.CMaterialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.DReceiving a new object brings lasting joy while the joy of an experience fades soon.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“. found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions”可知，经历比物品更能使人感到高兴。根据第六段中的“the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic”可知，比较倾向物质主义的参与者比不太倾向物质主义的参与者从购物中得到的快乐更少。由此可见， Ryan Howell 在他的研究中发现：有形物质比经历给人带来的快乐更少。因此，该题选A。13What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?AHow to judge whether a person is a materialist.BWhy materialists are not happy with their purchases.CHow materialists feel when they spend money on goods.DWhether materialists are happy when they first make purchases.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段“But materialists should at least be happy . shouldnt they？”及第五段第一句可知该题选D。14Why does the author use the ancient Greek philosophers words in the last paragraph?ATo advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.BTo persuade people to be satisfied with what they have.CTo prove its unwise to be materialistic and desire too much.DTo tell readers what they desire now might one day become theirs.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中那位哲学家的话“不要因期望你没有的东西而毁掉了你现在拥有的东西。记住：你现在拥有的东西就在你曾经渴望得到的东西之中”，再结合上文 Ryan Howell 研究得出的结论可知，作者引用这位哲学家的话旨在说服人们要对目前拥有的事物感到知足。因此该题选B。15What can be the best title for the passage?AAre You a Materialist?BHow To Acquire Happiness?CThe Best Present for the BirthdayDWhich Can Make People Happier?解析：选D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐，故D项作文章标题最佳。.阅读七选五(2020河南省普通毕业班适应性练习)Its a proven fact that the way in which we remember things changes as we get older. Just look at the