高中英语 破题致胜微方法（虚拟语气2）4无法实现的愿望-wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气

4“无法实现的愿望”wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气英语单词“wish”的意思是“但愿;要是就好了”，经常用来表示“几乎无法实现的愿望”或“与事实相反的愿望”，所以wish后的宾语从句中需要使用虚拟语气。具体怎么使用呢？这节课老师和同学们一起来学习一下。一. wish后宾语从句的时态规则时间宾语从句的时态对现在的虚拟did/were对过去的虚拟had done对将来的虚拟would/could +动词原形注意：wish后的宾语从句中“对现在情况进行虚拟”时，如果谓语动词是be动词，不管主语是第几人称，系动词都使用were。I wish I were a little younger. （对现在的虚拟）我希望我能够年轻一点。This watch has gone wrong. I wish I had bought a better make. （对过去的虚拟）这只表坏了，我真希望我买的是好一点的牌子。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. （对将来的虚拟）要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。二. 解题方法1. 看到wish，想到宾语从句需要使用虚拟语气；2. 根据句子中的时间状语或语境判断出虚拟的时间；3. 根据虚拟的时间，找出对应的时态；4. 牢记wish后宾语从句的时态规则三. 经典例题1. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone解析：本题考查wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气。句意：这次的图片展真把我烦死了。我真希望我没有去看。由句意可知“我希望自己没有去看图片展”是与事实相反的，所以这里需要使用虚拟语气。由前一句中动词“bored”的形式可知是对过去事实的虚拟，所以wish后的宾语从句中应该使用过去完成时had not gone。答案：A2. How I wish every family_a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC.will haveD.had had解析：本题考查wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望每个家庭都可以拥有一座带漂亮花园的大房子啊！由句意可知本题说的是作者现在的愿望，所以wish后的宾语从句应该使用一般过去时。答案为B。四. 总结：1. 时态规则时间宾语从句的时态对现在的虚拟did/were对过去的虚拟had done对将来的虚拟would/could +动词原形2. 解题方法根据语境或时间状语判断出wish后宾语从句中虚拟的时间；牢记wish后宾语从句虚拟语气的时态规则。五. 高考真题1. 【2020天津卷】I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been2. 【2020陕西卷】Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _ as well as her.A. danceB. will danceC. had dancedD. danced3. Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishI_soearly.A.didntleaveB.hadntleftC.haventleftD.couldntleave4. Nancysometimeswishesthatshe_inthebigcity.A.wasnotlivingB.didnotlivedC.werenotlivingD.doesnotlive5. IwishthatI_visitmyunclethedayaftertomorrow.A.shallB.haveC.wouldD.amgoingto6. 【2020年陕西卷】阅读理解One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my sons school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching(干呕) into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is a nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or its taking part, not winning, thats important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting-and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyones eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less-competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.(1). What can we learn about the authors son from Paragraph 1?A.He talked with some mothers.B.He comforted his classmates.C.He had difficulty in sleeping.D.He suffered from stomachache.(2). Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because _.A.this is an independent schoolB.it is a tradition of the schoolC.it helps children lose weightD.children enjoy watching sports(3). Wht does the author think about team games?A.They should include more stressful races.B.They are acceptable to different children.C.They should be abandoned at primary schools.D.They are less fun for those who love running.(4). What is the authors attitude towards sports day?A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Positive.D.Ambiguous.答案与解析：1. D2. D3. B解析：由时间状语“lastnight”可知是“对过去情况的虚拟”，wish后的宾语从句应该使用过去完成时hadntleft，所以答案为B。句意：我昨天很早就离开了，但是我希望我没有离开那么早。4. C解析：由“sometimes”可知，本题是对现在情况的虚拟，wish后的宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，系动词使用were，所以答案为。句意：Nancy有时希望自己没有住在大城市里。5. C解析：由时间状语“thedayaftertomorrow”可知本题考察的是对将来情况的虚拟，wish后的宾语从句时态应该使用“would/could +动词原形”，所以答案为。句意：我希望后天可以去拜访叔叔。6. D,B,B,A六. 英语诗歌赏析A Morning Wish 在清晨许个愿The sun is just rising in the morning of another day. What can I wish that this day may bring me? Nothing that shall make the world or others poorer, nothing at the expense of other men; but just those few things which in their coming do not stop me but touch me rather, as they pass and gather strength.朝阳又在新的一天中冉冉升起。我期许这一天带给我什么呢?我希望带给我的不是令世界或他人更贫穷的东西，不是损害别人的东西，而是那些微小的、能触动我的东西，它们经过时，或者不断聚集力量之时不会妨碍我。I wish that this day could bring me a few friends, who understand me, and yet remain my friends; I also wish that this day could bring me a work to do which has real value.我希望这一天能够带给我一些惺惺相惜的朋友，希望我们友谊长存;我也希望这一天能够给我带来一份真正有价值的工作。I wish that this day could bring me a mind unafraid to travel, even though the trail be not blazed (照耀), and I wish that this day could bring me an understanding heart.我希望这一天能够带给我无畏远行的胸怀，即使旅途没有光亮的照耀;我还希望这一天能够带给我善解人意的心。I wish that this day could bring me a sight of the eternal(永恒的) hills, and the blue sea stretching to the horizon, and of something beautiful which the hands of men have made.我希望这一天能够让我看到永恒的山冈，看到辽阔无边的蓝色海洋，看到人类的双手造就的美丽事物。I wish that this day could bring me a sense of humor, and the power to laugh, a little leisure with nothing to do.我希望这一天能够带给我幽默感，笑的力量和无事可做的片刻悠闲。And I crave for a few moments of quiet, silent medit