高中英语Unit 2 King Lear(part 2)--Section 2 词语分析

Unit 2 King LearPart Two: Teaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 2 King Learrespectfuladj. showing or feeling respect: The onlookers stood at a respectful distance. We were brought up to be respectful of authority.shortenverb (sth to sth) to make sth shorter; to become shorter: vn Injury problems could shorten his career. a shortened version of the game Her names Katherine, generally shortened to Kay. v In November the temperatures drop and the days shorten.modernize (BrE also -ise)verb1. vn to make a system, methods, etc. more modern and more suitable for use at the present time update: The company is investing $9 million to modernize its factories. 2. v to start using modern equipment, ideas, etc.: Unfortunately we lack the resources to modernize.burdennoun1. the (of sth)| a (on / to sb) a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work: to bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burden The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state. the heavy tax burden on working people I dont want to become a burden to my children when Im old.2. (formal) a heavy load that is difficult to carry beast of burdenverb vn1. sb / yourself (with sth) to give sb a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work: They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage. I dont want to burden you with my worries. to be burdened by high taxation2. be burdened with sth to be carrying sth heavy: She got off the bus, burdened with two heavy suitcases.responsibilitynoun (pl. -ies)1. U, C (for sth / for doing sth)| (to do sth) a duty to deal with or take care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong: We are recruiting a sales manager with responsibility for the European market. They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced. It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced. to take / assume overall responsibility for personnel parental rights and responsibilities I dont feel ready to take on new responsibilities. to be in a position of responsibility I did it on my own responsibility (= without being told to and being willing to take the blame if it had gone wrong). The responsibility for doing this rests with the department managers. 2. U (for sth) blame for sth bad that has happened: The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake. Nobody has claimed responsibility for the bombing. We must all bear some responsibility for what happened. 3. U, C (to / towards sb)| (to do sth) a duty to help or take care of sb because of your job, position, etc.: She feels a strong sense of responsibility towards her employees. I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries.allocateverb sth (for sth)| sth (to sb/sth)| (sb/sth) sth to give sth officially to sb/sth for a particular purpose: vn They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year. A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. vn, vnn More resources are being allocated to the project. The project is being allocated more resources.adoreverb (not used in the progressive tenses)1. vn to love sb very much: Its obvious that she adores him. 2. (informal) to like sth very much: vn I simply adore his music! Dont you just adore that dress! v -ing She adores working with children.prayverb1. (to sb) (for sb/sth) to speak to God, especially to give thanks or ask for help: v They knelt down and prayed. Ill pray for you. to pray for peace She prayed to God for an end to her sufferings. v (that) We prayed (that) she would recover from her illness. v to inf He prayed to be forgiven. also v speech2. (for sth) to hope very much that sth will happen: v Were praying for good weather on Saturday. v that I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.adv. (old use or ironic) used to mean please when you are asking a question or telling sb to do sth: What, pray, is the meaning of this? Pray continue.distributeverb vn1. sth (to / among sb/sth) to give things to a large number of people; to share sth between a number of people: The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. The newspaper is distributed free. The money was distributed among schools in the area. 2. to send goods to shops/stores and businesses so that they can be sold: Who distributes our products in the UK? 3. often passive to spread sth, or different parts of sth, over an area: Make sure that your weight is evenly distributed. Cases of the disease are widely distributed through Europe.contradictverb1. to say that sth that sb else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true: vn All evening her husband contradicted everything she said. Youve just contradicted yourself (= said the opposite of what you said before). also v speech, vn speech2. vn (of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong: The two stories contradict each other. This version of events was contradicted by eye-witness reports.flatterynounU praise that is not sincere, especially in order to obtain sth from sb: Youre too intelligent to fall for his flattery.flattery will get you everywhere / nowhere (informal, humorous) praise that is not sincere will/will not get you what you wantforecastnouna statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available now: sales forecasts It is difficult to make long-term forecasts for a fast-growing industry. The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. The shipping forecast gave warnings of gales. weather forecastverb(forecast, forecast) or (forecasted, forecasted) to say what you think will happen in the future based on information that you have now; predict: vn Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy. Snow is forecast for tomorrow. Temperatures were forecast to reach 40C. It is difficult to forecast the demand for the new train service. v that The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month. also v wh-opposeverb1. to disagree strongly with sbs plan, policy, etc. and try to change it or prevent it from succeeding: vn This party would bitterly oppose the re-introduction of the death penalty. He threw all those that opposed him into prison. v -ing I would oppose changing the law. also vn -ing 2. vn to compete with sb in a contest: He intends to oppose the prime minister in the leadership election.fondadj. (fonder, fondest)1. of sb feeling affection for sb, especially sb you have known for a long time: Over the years, I have grown quite fond of her. Ive always been very fond of your mother. 2. of (doing) sth finding sth pleasant or enjoyable, especially sth you have liked or enjoyed for a long time: fond of music / cooking We had grown fond of the house and didnt want to leave. 3. of (doing) sth liking to do sth which other people find annoying or unpleasant, and doing it often: Sheilas very fond of telling other people what to do. Hes rather too fond of the sound of his own voice (= he talks too much). 4. only before noun kind and loving: a fond look / embrace / farewell I have very fond memories of my time in Spain (= I remember it with affection and pleasure).5. only before noun hope a hope about sth that is not likely to happen: I waited all day in the fond hope that she would change her mind.fondnessnoun U, sing. (for sb/sth): He will be remembered by the staff with great fondness. a fondness for animals It was her fathers fondness for drink that brought about the break-up of her parents marriage.corruptadj.1. (of people) willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage: a corrupt regime corrupt officials accepting bribes 2. (of behaviour) dishonest or immoral: corrupt practices The whole system is inefficient and corrupt. 3. (computing) containing changes or faults, and no longer in the original state: corrupt software The text on the disk seems to be corrupt.verb1. vn to have a bad effect on sb and make them behave in an immoral or dishonest way: He was corrupted by power and ambition. the corrupting effects of great wealth 2. vn often passive to change the original form of sth, so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way: a corrupted form of Buddhism 3. (computing) to cause mistakes to appear in a computer file, etc. with the result that the information in it is no longer correct: vn The program has somehow corrupted the system files. corrupted data v The disk will corrupt if it is overloaded.greedyadj. (greedier, greediest) (for sth) wanting more money, power, food, etc. than you really need: You greedy pig! Youve already had two helpings! The shareholders are greedy for profit. He stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes.storagenoun U1. the process of keeping sth in a particular place until it is needed; the space where things can be kept: tables that fold flat for storage Theres a lot of storage space in the loft. food storage facilities We need more storage now. cold storage 2. (computing) the process of keeping information, etc. on a computer; the way it is kept: the storage and retrieval of information data storage 3. the process of paying to keep furniture, etc. in a special building until you want it: When we moved we had to put our furniture in storage for a while.sacrificenoun1. C, U the fact of giving up sth important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important; sth that you give up in this way: The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education. to make the final / supreme sacrifice (= to die for your country, to save a friend, etc.) 2. (to sb) C, U the act of offering sth to a god, especially an animal that has been killed in a special way; an animal, etc. that is offered in this way: They offered sacrifices to the gods. a human sacrifice (= a person killed as a sacrifice)verb1. vn sth (for sb/sth) to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person: She sacrificed everything for her children. The designers have sacrificed speed for fuel economy. Would you sacrifice a football game to go out with a girl? In her writing, clarity is sometimes sacrificed to brevity. He sacrificed a rook in order to win his opponents queen. 2. vn, v to kill an animal or a person and offer it or them to a god, in order to please the godsneezeverbv to have air come suddenly and noisily out through your nose and mouth in a way that you cannot control, for example because you have a cold: Ive been sneezing all morning.not to be sneezed at (informal) good enough to be accepted or considered seriously: In those days, $20 was not a sum to be sneezed at.noun the act of sneezing or the noise you make when you sneeze: coughs and sneezes She gave a violent sneeze.confirmverb1. to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence: vn Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. Please write to confirm your reservation (= say that it is definite). v (that) Has everyone confirmed (that) theyre coming? v wh- Can you confirm what happened? vn that It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 2. vn sth| sb (in sth) to make sb feel or believe sth even more strongly: The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 3. vn to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish sb/sth firmly: After a six-month probationary period, her position was confirmed. He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 4. vn usually passive to make sb a full member of the Christian Church: She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen.respondverb1. (to sb/sth) (with sth) (rather formal) to give a spoken or written answer to sb/sth; reply: v I asked him his name, but he didnt respond. She never responded to my letter. More than fifty people responded to the advertisement. v speech Im not sure, she responded. v that When asked about the companys future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. 2. v (to sth) (with sth / by doing sth) to do sth as a reaction to sth that sb has said or done: How did they respond to the news? The government responded by banning all future demonstrations. 3. v (to sth/sb) to react quickly or in the correct way to sth/sb: The car responds very well to the controls. You can rely on him to respond to a challenge. 4. v (to sth) to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment: The infection did not respond to the drugs.suspectverb (not used in the progressive tenses)1. to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof: vn If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. I didnt want the neighbours suspecting anything. v (that) I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me. I suspect (that) she might be lying. v As I had suspected all along, he was not a real policeman. also vn to inf, vn that 2. vn to be suspicious about sth; to not trust sth: I suspected her motives in offering to help. 3. vn sb (of sth / of doing sth) to have an idea that sb is guilty of sth, without having definite proof: He resigned after being suspected of theft. I suspected her of damaging the equipment. The drug is suspected of causing over 2.00 deaths. Whom do the police suspect?noun a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done sth wrong: a murder suspect He is the prime suspect in the case. Five suspects have been detained for questioning. Do you have a list of likely suspects?adj.1. that may be false and that cannot be relied on; questionable: Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect. 2. that you suspect to be dangerous or illegal; suspicious: a suspect package (= one that may contain drugs, a bomb, etc.) a controlled explosion of a suspect device (= a bomb)insultverb vn to say or do sth that offends sb: I have never been so insulted in my life! She felt insulted by the low offer. You insult my intelligence (= you are treating me as if I am stupid)!noun (to sb/sth) a remark or an action that is said or done in order to offend sb: The crowd were shouting insults at the police. His comments were seen as an insult to the president. The questions were an insult to our intelligence (= too easy).scoldverb sb (for sth / for doing sth) (formal) to speak angrily to sb, especially a child, because they have done sth wrong rebuke: vn He scolded them for arriving late. also v speech, vscratchverbRUB WITH YOUR NAILS1. (at sth) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching: vn John yawned and scratched his chin. The dog scratched itself behind the ear. v Try not to scratch. She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.CUT SKIN2. (sb/sth / yourself) (on sth) to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp: vn Id scratched my leg and it was bleeding. She scratched herself on a nail. v Does the cat scratch?DAMAGE SURFACE3. vn to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it: Be careful not to scratch the furniture. The cars paintwork is badly scratched.MAKE / REMOVE MARK4. vn + adv. / prep. to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp: They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch. Some graffiti had been scratched on the back of the door. We scratched some of the dirt away. (figurative) You can scratch my name off the list.MAKE SOUND5. v, usually + adv. / prep. to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp: His pen scratched away on the paper. We could hear mice scratching behind the wall.A LIVING6. vn a living to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty: 7.5.% of the population scratch a living from the soil.CANCEL7. (sb/sth) (from sth) to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts: vn to scratch a rocket launch The horse was scratched from the race because of injury. v She had scratched because