高二英语 Unit 2 Grammar 虚拟语气 II知识精讲 人教新课标版选修 6

高二英语 Unit 2 Grammar 虚拟语气 II 人教新课标版选修 6一、学习目标：1. 学习虚拟语气在名词性从句中及其他从句中的应用。2. 掌握虚拟语气使用的语境及方法。二、重点、难点：虚拟语气在各种从句中的句型结构。三、考情分析：在高考题中，目前全国19套各省试题中涉及到虚拟语气知识点的占30%以上，因此这一语法项目在高考中变得越来越重要。这一知识点经常以单项选择题的形式出现，分值为1分。而且，我们在日常对话中也经常会用到虚拟语气。四、知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】l. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：1）在“It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”的等意义。It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.重要的是每个成员都应该知道这些规则。It is necessary that we (should) do something to protect the environment.我们每一个人都很有必要做些事情来保护环境。It is strange that a well behaved gentleman should be so rude to the lady.真奇怪，那个举止得体的绅士竟然对那位女士如此粗鲁。2）It is ordered/suggested that 从句that引导的主语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+v.”结构。这一类的动词还有：propose, require, demand, request, insist, ask等。It is ordered that the cloth (should) be woven right now.命令传来，应该马上织布。【考题链接】（1）It is required that you _ at six.A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive答案：B解题思路：在“It is required that”句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should +v”，这里省略了should，所以选B项。（2）It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak答案：A解题思路：在“It is important that”句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+ v”，在这里省略了should，所以选A项。（3）It is really strange that the girl _ so early.A. has been married B. has marriedC. should have been married D. would marry答案：C解题思路：在“It is strange that”句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should +v”，在这里叙述的是过去的事情，所以用到了完成式。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中。（13讲已经讲解，不再重复）(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，我们可以用一个口诀来记忆：一坚持（insist）二命令（order，command）三建议（advise，suggest，propose）四要求（ask，demand，require，request）。Her father insists that she (should) learn music after she leaves school.她父亲坚持她毕业后学习音乐。The doctor recommended that I take more exercise to lose weight.医生建议我要多运动以减轻体重。Our teacher required that we should finish our homework before supper.老师要求我们晚饭前把作业做完。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。【易错点】在这些动词里面，insist和suggest较为特殊，suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，insist表示“坚持”一个事实时，后面不用虚拟语气。Alice insisted that she had done nothing wrong and that she shouldnt be blamed.爱丽丝坚持说她没做错什么，不应该受到责备。The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.他脸上的微笑表明他通过了考试。【考题链接】(1) He insisted that John _ it.A. do B. does C. did D. would do答案：A解题思路：考查insist后面的虚拟语气。结构为should+动词原形，should可以省略。(2) Mr. Smith insisted that he _ nothing wrong and that he_.A. had done; be freed B. have done; should be freedC. did; freed D. do; be freed答案：A解题思路：第一个空白处是坚持一个事实，不用虚拟语气，而第二个空白处则用虚拟语气，所以A项正确。(3) His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had been B. wasC. be D. should be答案：B解题思路：这里的suggest意为表明，后面不接虚拟语气。(4) Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow答案：A解题思路：recommend 后面的（that）从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+ do”, should可以省略。Teachers recommend parents should not allow=Teachers recommend parents not allow句意：老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。3. 虚拟语气在其他名词性从句中的应用：1）表语从句：虚拟语气还可用于某些表语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+v结构。常有下列名词作主语：order, suggestion, request, proposal, advice, requirement, plan, idea, decision.His order is that we(should) set out right now.他的命令是我们立刻出发。【考题链接】（1）The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition.A. be not told B. not be told C. will not be told D. must not be told答案：B解题思路：由advice作主语的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should (not) +v”，在这里省略了should，故选B项。2）The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. sent B. sends C. send D. must send答案：C解题思路：同上一小题。2）虚拟语气还可用于某些同位语从句中，常用单词有order, suggestion, request, proposal, advice, requirement, plan, idea, decision；同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+v形式。What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English Evening?你认为他的关于我们应该在英语晚会上进行演出的建议怎样？【考题链接】What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?A. be made B. will be made C. would be made D. will have to be made答案：A解题思路：proposal后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should +v”，should可以省略，故选A项。4. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法：(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他仍去了办公室。【考题链接】1）I wouldnt marry Pat even if she _ the last woman on earth.A. isB. wasC. had beenD. were答案：D解题思路：even if引导的让步状语从句要用虚拟语气，本句中是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故选D项。2）Keep up a good state of mind even if you _ fail plenty of times.A. must B. will C. can D. should答案：D解题思路：even if引导的让步状语从句要用虚拟语气，本句中是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，故选D项。(2)as if 从句后面既可以用陈述语气也可以用虚拟语气。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时就要用陈述语气。The dark clouds are gathering in the sky. It looks as if it is raining.空中的乌云正在聚集，看起来好像要下雨了。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时要用虚拟语气。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”结构。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”结构He acts as if he might be a soldier tomorrow.他的一举一动好像明天他就要成为一名士兵似的。【考题链接】(1) He acted as if he _ everything in the world.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know答案：A解题思路：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，动词用过去式。（2）I feel as if I _ a cold.A. have had B. had C. had had D. would have答案：A解题思路：这里谈论的是一个事实，不用虚拟语气。(3)在以in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”结构。Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly.格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。【考题链接】They got up early in order that they _ the first train.A. caught B. will catchC. might catch D. shall catch答案：C解题思路：in order that后面的从句常常用到情态动词might或could，所以C项正确。5. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在 “It is time (that) ”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“是该干某事的时候了”。Its (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。【考题链接】It is high time we _ home.A. will go B. would goC. have goneD. went答案：D解题思路：It is time that后面的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式。6. 在would rather句型中的用法：与现在或将来事实相反I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来这里。（可能已经来了）与过去事实相反I would rather you hadnt said that to her, which made her so upset.我宁愿你没有对她说那样的话，让她那么难过。（事实上已经说了）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed at home last night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。【考题链接】（1）I would rather that you _ that yesterday.A. did B. have doneC. will doD. had done答案：D解题思路：would rather后面的虚拟语气用过去完成时表示过去的事情。（2）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案：B解题思路：would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，用动词的过去式7. 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法：(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。(2)用“may + 动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”，此时may须置于句首。May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。（二）提分技巧虚拟语气用于条件句以外的其他从句的难点是不要受到母语的干扰，比如像order这个词后面的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的问题，如果从汉语的角度用must可能更好，但是语法的规则就是这样，我们不要从主观意愿去判断而错选答案。（三）即学即练1. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give2. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been3. It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary.A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil4. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away.A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested5. He feels as if he _ more time to study for the test.A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need6. The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6.A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished7. Peter insisted that they all in his bedroom before 2 oclock.A. to be B. would be C. be D. shall be8. The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt9. I thought it important that the meeting .A. put off B. be put off C. puts off D. is put off10. The little heros pale face suggested he dead.A. is B. was C. should be D. beUnit 3 A healthy life一、预习新知1. 重点单词abuse, stress, ban, effect, strengthen, desperate, disappointed, ashamed2. 重点短语due to, addicted to, accustomed to, decide on, feel like doing, in spite of, take risks/at risk, get into3. 重点句型1）But I did finally manage.2）When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.3）It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.二、预习点拨思考问题一：借助词典或其他工具书查询以下几组同义词的区别。1. stress/pressure/tension2. ban/forbid/prohibit3. effect/influence思考问题二：什么是健康的生活方式？（答题时间：50分钟）一、单项选择1. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence.A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /*2. It is getting late. I am afraid I must be going now.OK. _.A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you3. What will the world use for power when it _ oil ?A. run out of B. is running out ofC. has run out of D. ran out of*4. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train_ travel by air.A. as B. to C. than D. while5. Dont believe him. He _ a story.A. makes up B. is making up C. makes up of D. is making out6. The whole book _ 12 units, _ two mainly revisions.A. contains; including B. includes; containingC. contains; containing D. includes; including7. There are _ these books and _ pencils on the desk.A. a dozen; scores of B. scores, a dozen ofC. scores of, a dozen D. two dozens, a score*8. He suggested that we _ the plan later, which suggested that he _ against it.A. discussed; was B. would discuss; should beC. discuss; was D. should discuss; should be9. In Chinese _, old peoples advice is of great _.A. values; value B. values; valuesC. value; valueD. value; values*10. The train _ over three hundred passengers every day.A. transmitsB. ships C. conveysD. ferries11. Look at the trouble I am in. If only I _ your advice.A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow12. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. have13. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented14. Before leaving this country, you must be in _ of a valid passport.A. provide B. possession C. core D. label15. Everything _ doing is worthy of _ well.A. worthy; being done B. worthy; doingC. worth; being doneD. worth; doing二、完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the morning, 16 he is shaving or having breakfast, the 17_ of the call shows that the matter is very important and 18 immediate attention. The same meaning 19 with telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone 20 a call during sleeping hours, he considers it a matter of life and 21 . The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In 22 life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S., 23 may feel they are not highly 24 if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is 25 in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered 26 to make an appointment too far in _27 because plans made for a date more than a week away may be 28 . The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings 29 between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness(准时) is 30 highly in American life, for example. If not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully 31 . In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business _32 waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is five minutes late is _33_ to make a short 34 . If he is less than five minutes late, he will say a few words of _35 , though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.16. A. and B. but C. while D. for which17. A. time B. reason C. person D. place18. A. pays B. explains C. declares D. requires19. A. comes B. goes C. deals D. happens20. A. receives B. phones C. sends D. replies21. A. help B. trouble C. death D. disturbance22. A. local B. city C. trade D. social23. A. hosts B. guests C. waiters D. postmen24. A. thought B. regarded C. praised D. served25. A. true B. same C. different D. common26. A. foolish B. waste C. impolite D. impossible27. A. future B. delivery C. advance D. preparation28. A. missing B. changeable C. helpless D. forgotten29. A. cause B. appear C. spread D. transfer30. A. valued B. looked C. believed D. followed31. A. capable B. respectable C. forgivable D. believable32. A. merchant B. company C. partner D. competitor33. A. ordered B. expectedC. suggested D. requested34. A. apology B. speech C. fine D. performance35. A. regret B. enjoyment C. introduction D. explanation三、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。AEinstein, a great scientist of the age, was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.Once, while riding a street car in Berlin, he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change. The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct, so he handed it to Einstein, saying, “The trouble with you is that you dont know your figures.”Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.He had nothing but contempt(蔑视) for the things most people set their hearts on for fame and riches(财富) and luxury(奢华).He didnt want money or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat. Einsteins violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said that he often thought in music.36. The conductor thought Einstein _.A. wasnt good at maths B. had good memoryC. was either mad or strange D. liked to make trouble37. Einstein meant that many people _ .A. knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain itB. had written to have grasped his theory correctlyC. pretended to have grasped his abstract theoryD. admired him very much38. Which of the following statements is true?A. Einstein cared little for fame or wealth.B. Einstein had nothing but enough fame and riches and luxury.C. Einstein was eager for the things most people set their hearts to.D. In the eyes of Einstein, most people had a strong wish to publish book on the theory.39. The underline part “set their hearts on” means _.A. believe B. have C. love D. hateBAn American man from Las Vegas opened a dog and cat hotel recently. Pets can rest on soft rugs(小地毯), watch television and get to know some new friends while their masters have fun in the city.The American Dog and Cat Hotel opened officially on a Wednesday in March. There is everything a pet could want and more.“We hear time and time again. This is so nice, Id like to stay here. ” the hotel manager said in an interview. He believed that people would want for their pets what they wanted for themselves.Kennels(狗舍) have been around for a long time, but nowadays masters want to put their loved pets in some better places, he added.He said the cats and dogs like to watch images(图像) on TV although they may not understand them. Anyway, they dont have to know Britney Spears or Eminem to enjoy the pop music. Also, “The dogs dont know it is a rug, but they know it is soft,” he said.Pet masters can book a dog suite(套房) for $79 a night. Baths and other services are also offered.The pet hotel manager believes that all the animal lovers in the world will love this great idea.40. By “ and more” in the last sentence of the 2nd paragraph the writer means that _.A. therere also things for the pet mastersB. some of the things are unnecessaryC. therere things a pet cannot fully enjoyD. all the things are plenty in amount41. Who made the expression that “This is so nice, Id like to stay here.”?A. Some pets B. Some pet mastersC. The hotel manager D. The interviewer42. In the pet masters opinion, the