初三英语复合句复习（46张）.ppt

MainlyRevisionofJuniorEnglish,JuniorThree,ComplexSentences,TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:,初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。,.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。,A)Introducedbythat主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。e.g.Hesaysthathewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.Imsorry(that)heisnthererightnow.,Note:1.that的省略：that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.Imafraid(that)youllhavetowait.2.宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：Ithinkchickenscannotswim.正：Idontthinkchickenscanswim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,isnthe?Hethinksheisright,doesnthe?,Back,B)Introducedbyif/whetherif/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：e.g.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.Idontknowif/whetheritisgoingtorain.,Back,Note:只用whether的四种情况：1.在介词后Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.2.直接与ornot连用时Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.3.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.,Back,C)Introducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbs（连接代词和连接副词）一、构成：1.1.宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。Doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon?(作主语)Didyouhearwhathesaid?（作宾语）Idontknowwhosethatis.（作表语）Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?（作gate的定语）2.宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。Wedidntknowwhenshewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Nooneknowswhysheislateagain.,二、难点：1.避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；e.g.*Icantseethatwhatisoverthere.（应去掉that）2.从句中的语序为陈述语序；e.g.*Doyouknowhowoldisshe?(应改为：howoldsheis)3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。e.g.*Shedidnttellmewhenshewillcome.(应改为：whenshewouldcome),三、转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。e.g.Ivenoideawhatweregoingtodonext.=Ivenoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?,四、宾语从句的时态主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。试比较：Hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible.Hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Tomsaysthatheismendinghiscar.Tomsaidthathewasmendinghiscar.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.,宾语从句中考题练兵：,一、单项选择()1.Idontthinkhewillcomehereontime,?(重庆)A.wontheB.willheC.doesheD.ishe()2.Willyoupleasetellme?(上海)A.wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt()3.ItsnotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.(常州)A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslikeD.howoldareyou()4.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,Illletyouknow.(扬州)A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome,B,A,A,C,()5.IcantsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaventseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.(镇江)A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch()6.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.(通化)A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgoD.wouldgoing()7.OurgeographyteachertoldusthatJapantheeastofChina.(河北)A.isinB.wasinC.istoD.wasto()8.Nobodyknowshellcomeornot.(辽宁)A.thatB.ifC./D.whether,D,B,C,D,二、按要求改写句子1.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tomsmotheraskedhim.(改为复合句,句意不变)(济南)Tomsmotheraskedhimtotrysomethingnew.2.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?(改写句子,句意不变)(青岛)Couldyoutellmetothestation?3.“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Johntoldme.(改为复合句,句意不变)(天津)Johntoldmethathomework.4.IdonthowIcanreachthezoo.(改为简单句)(宿迁)Idontknowthezoo.,if/whether,he,wanted,how,I,can,get,he,had,finished,his,how,to,get,to,三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.1.我还没有决定是否去参加迈克的生日聚会。(黑龙江)IhaventdecidedIwillgotoMikesbirthdayparty.2.据说在南京长江上又建了一座桥。（南京）Itssaidthatbridge_overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.3.请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗？(无锡)Wouldyoupleasetellmeme?4.你能告诉我他从美国回来多久了？Canyoutellme?,whether,or,not,another,is,being,built,whatthislockismadeof,howlonghehasbeenbackfromtheUSA,.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。,A)TheAdverbialClauseofTime(时间状语从句),Introducedbywhen(表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，意为“当时”。)e.g.Whenyougetoffthebus,youmustntpushothers.,2)Introducedbybefore,(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前，意为“在之前”。)e.g.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschool.,3)Introducedbyafter(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“在之后”。)e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft.,4)Introducedbyuntil(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前，意为“直到为止”。主句用肯定式，谓语是延续性的动词，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止)e.g.Iwillwaituntilhecomes.,Note:(until用于否定句时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，并且谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。notuntil意为“直到才”。）e.g.Shewontgotobeduntilshefinishesherhomework.,5)Introducedbyassoonas(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一就”。)e.g.MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.,Note:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Pleasedontgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.,B)TheAdverbialClauseofPlace(地点状语从句),1)Introducedbywheree.g.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2)Introducedbywherevere.g.Illgowhereveryougo.,C)TheAdverbialClauseofManner(方式状语从句),1)Introducedbyase.g.Illdoallthethingsasyoutoldme.2)Introducedbyasif/though(可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况，也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况)e.g.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.Helooksasifhewereyoung.3)Introducedbythewaye.g.Idontlikethewayhetalks.,D)TheAdverbialClauseofReason(原因状语从句),1)Introducedbybecausebecause语气最强，它着重说明原因。用why提问的问句必须用because回答，不能用as,since；e.g.-Whydidnthecome?-Becausehewasill.,2)Introducedbysincesince语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成“既然”，“鉴于”，通常从句放在主句前；e.g.Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnachance.,3)Introducedbyasas语气最弱，只表示一般的因果关系，从句放在主句前或后均可；e.g.Ashedidntknowthemeaningoftheword,helookeditupinhisdictionary.,Note:for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.,E)TheAdverbialClauseofCondition(条件状语从句),1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=ifnot)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。e.g.Ifhedoesntcomeontime,wewontknowwhattoknow.Hemustcomeifheistold.Pleaseletmeknowifhecomesback.Illgothereunlessitrains.,2)If条件句的替代形式：（1）祈使句+and/or+陈述句（谓语动词通常用将来时态）。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。e.g.Ifyouworkhard,youllpasstheexameasily.=Workhard,andyoullpasstheexameasily.Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindothers.=Workhard,oryoullfallbehindothers.（2）用介词with,without的替代形式：e.g.Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,Illfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,Illfinishmytaskontime.,F)TheAdverbialClauseofConcession(让步状语从句),1)Introducedbythough/althoughe.g.Thoughhetriedmanytimes,hefailedtoworkitout.2)Introducedbywh-evere.g.Whateverhesays(=Nomatterwhathesays),dontbelievehim.3)Introducedbyevenif/eventhoughe.g.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)即使他穷了，她也仍然爱他。Eventhoughheispoor,shestilllovesherhusband.(Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)尽管他穷，但她仍然爱他。,G)TheAdverbialClauseofResult(结果状语从句),1)Introducedbysothate.g.Therearebigtreesaroundthehousesothatitcanhardlybeseenbypassers-by.2)Introducedbysothat/suchthate.g.HewalkedsofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.Hemadesuchagoodreportthateverybodywaspleased.,H)TheAdverbialClauseofPurpose(目的状语从句),1)Introducedbysothate.g.Hegotupmuchearlierthanusualsothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.2)Introducedbysothate.g.Heexplaineditsoclearlythathewantedeveryoneofustounderstandhimbetter.,I)TheAdverbialClauseofComparison(比较状语从句),1)Introducedbyasas/notsoas;thane.g.ThisquestionisnotsodifficultasIthought.Thefilmismuchbetterthanweexpected.2)IntroducedbyThemore,themoree.g.Themoreheheardthesong,thelesshelikedit.,状语从句中考题练兵：,一、单项选择()1.Somebodyrangmeupjustnow,buthehungupIcouldanswerthephone.(无锡)A.whenB.untilC.beforeD.since()2.MrSmithusuallyreadsanewspaperheswaitingforthebus.(徐州)A.ifB.theC.becauseD.while()3.Youmustleaveherenowyourmothercangetsomemorerest.(常州)A.becauseB.thoughC.sothatD.so()4.Themeetingisimportantthatyoumustntmissit.(盐城)A.veryB.suchC.soD.too,C,D,C,C,()5.Imgoingtothesupermarket.-youarethere,wouldyoupleasebuymesomevegetables?(镇江)A.IfB.BecauseC.WhileD.After()6.Doyouknowwhathedidallday?(镇江)-Hespentasmuchtimeplayingashe.A.studyingB.wasstudyingC.studiedD.didstudying()7.IfMginO2,weMgO,anditcombinationreaction(化学变化).(泰州)A.willburn,get,callsB.burns,willget,calledC.willburn,canget,iscallingD.burns,willget,iscalled()8.hetalkedwithherforalongtime,hefailedtoconvince(说服)her.(黄冈)A.ThoughB.ButC.SinceD.As,C,D,D,A,二、同义句改写1.Whereverheis,hecanmakehimselfathome.(广州)heis,hecanmakehimselfathome.2.MissSmithlefthereaftertherainstopped.(淮安)MissSmithleaveheretherainstopped.3.Ifyouworkhard,youwillpasstheexam.(盐城),andyouwillpasstheexam.4.Tomwastoohappytogettosleep.(大连)Tomwashappyhecouldnt.5.Getoffthebuswhenthedrivertellsyou.（宁夏）Dontgetoffthebusyou_.,No,matter,where,didnt,until,Work,hard,so,that,fall,asleep,until,are,told,to,三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.1.你看的历史书籍越多，你了解的知识就越多。（无锡）,themoreknowledgeyoullget.2.他是一个好人，与每个人都相处的很好。（常州）Heissuchakindman.3.山姆一拿到新书就迫不及待地看了起来。（连云港）Samcouldntwaittoreadthenewbook.4.尽管学电脑花费许多时间，但我认为学好它还是有用的。（南京）,Ithinkitusefultolearncomputerwell.5.看起来要下雨了。（甘肃）Itlooks.,Themorehistorybooksyouread,thathegetsonwellwitheveryone,assoonashegotit,Thoughittakesmuchtime,asifitsgoingtorain,.TheAttributiveClause(定语从句),在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。ThisisTom.Tomgaveusatalkyesterday.-ThisisTomwho(that)gaveusatalkyesterday.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why,一、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句,1.who在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g.Thisisthedoctorwhocameheryesterday.,2.whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g.Theman(whom)yousawlastweekhasleftthetown.,注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.a)ThemanfromwhomIborrowedthebookisLiLei.=ThemanwhomIborrowedthebookfromisLiLei.(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)b)Thegirlwhomheistakingcareofisill.(takecareof是固定词组),3.whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.,二、that,which引导的定语从句,这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。1.that,which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.Heroisthefilmthat/whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.2.that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.Isthisthefilm(that/which)youtalkedaboutlastweek?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g.Thehouseinwhichheoncelivedisameeting-room.=Thehouse(which)heoncelivedinisameeting-room.,知识拓展：,引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：,1.先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。e.g.Shedidntforgetanything(that)hermotherhadtoldhertobuy.,2.先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时。e.g.Thisisthefirsttextbook(that)Istudiedintheprimaryschool.Heisinthelastrowthatisnexttothewindow.,3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.Thatisthehighestbuilding(that)Ihaveeverseen.,4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时。e.g.Thisistheverynovel(that)youwanttoborrow.,5.先行词是或被all,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，e.g.Ivewrittendownall(that)theteacherdoesntallowustodo.Theyhaventgotanydictionaries(that)weneed.,6.先行词既包含人又包含物时。e.g.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons(that)wehadneverheard.,7.主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whoistheman(that)youspoketojustnow?Whichisthebookthatwasstole