英语人教版初中三年级上册 定语从句语法

Grammar,TheAttributiveClause,语法知识,定语从句,Grammar,Englishisabridgetotheworld.,修饰名词和代词的成分,Keywords:,定语:,abeautifulflower,atallboy,beautiful,tall,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,定语从句,thebestfilm,先行词,that,关系词,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,关系词,关系代词,关系副词(状语),先行词指物时,先行词指人时,when时间,where地点,why原因,（在从句中做主、宾、表）,（who在从句中做主、宾、表,whom在从句中做宾语）,关系限定词,whose在从句中限定另一名词,表示所属，在从句中作定语。,关系词的分类：,that,which,who,whom,Thebook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.,有that，作宾语时可以省略,无that,作宾语时不可以省略,，,我昨天买的那本书是哈里.波特与凤凰令,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限定性定语从句是先行词意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，写时不用逗号分开。2）非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。主从句之间用逗号分开。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,Eg:Beijingisacity(that)Iwantedtovisit.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.,1.指物时只用that或which的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose用法及转换形式4.as与which的区别5.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词6.定语从句中的主谓一致问题,常见考点,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,考点一:that与which的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词用that,4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat,6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有thelast,thevery,theonly等时。,若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词,2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰,先行词前有thelast,thevery,theonly等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,用that。,只用that的情况:,考点一:that与which的区别,1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面,2.Thedayon_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.whichBthatCwhenD.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替,Fillingblanks:,1.Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.,withwhom,inwhich,1Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.2Thisisthecar_whichIspent100$.3Thisisthecar_whichIcantgotowork.,for,on,without,Fillineachblankwithaproperprepositionifnecessary.,考点三:whose用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.,Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,1.Thatsthenewmachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.（2012山东）A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。,c,2.Theoldtemple_roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.（2010陕西）A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是theoldtemple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。,D,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.,Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.,thewindowofwhich,ofwhichthewindow,4.whose的先行词指人时,可用ofwhom代替,但词序不同，即whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+n.,.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.（2013全国卷1）AofthemBfromwhichCwhoofDofwhom,D,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。且多用于表示肯定意义的句子。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.,Which的用法：,表示主句与从句之间是因果关系，意思为“因此、这样、这一点”。其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，可用andthisthat、it来代替。e.g.Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents.,1._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.2.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_wasnotexpected.3.Heissuchastrictteacher_weareexpecting.,aswhich,As,which,as,Tip:as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,修饰，即构成suchas,thesameas,soas结构，,11,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like,考点五:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,（2012江西）By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.AwhichBwhenCwhatDthat,高考链接,A,考点六:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjob,is,am,3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing,解题思路:,1、通读全句，找到定语从句的先行词。2、判定先行词是指人还是指物。3、分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,高考链接,1.Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.（2012安徽）A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom,B,2.Thehouse_Igrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.（2013江西）A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich,D,3.CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?Youshouldtrythebarbers_Igo.Itsonly15.（2012天津）A.asB.whichC.whereD.that,C,4.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_wassomeoneelsesfault.（2013全国）A.whoB.thatC.asD.what,B,5.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.（2011福建）A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who,A,6.Thedaysaregone_physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.(2011天津)A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which,A,7.（2012江苏）Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what,B,8.（2012陕西）Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what,C,9.Thereason_shegavetotheteacherwasthatshedidntcatchtheearlybus.AwhyBthatCwhenDwhere,B,主语、宾语、表语,物/人,主语/宾语,物,主语/宾语,人,宾语,人,定语,人/物,时间状语,on/in/at+which,on/inat/+which,for+which,地点状语,原因状语,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,to,that,4.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.5.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatheratthesch