宝石鉴赏初步

GemstoneIdentification,Outline,CommonGemstonesIdentificationTechniquesSummary,CommonGemstones,Certainmineralsorsubstanceusedasdecorationforitsmagnificent,persistence,rareandprecious.,Diamond,Diamondisakindofsinglecrystalmadeupofcarbon.Itisrecognisedasthekingofgemstoneforitspureandflawless.,Itsmassunitiscarat,with1carat=200mg,OnecaratdiamondwithmediumclassisworthnolessthanRMB50,000!,pure&true,ThebiggestdiamandnamedCullinan,weighs3106carats!Itwascuttedintomanypieces.,ThebiggestonenamedCullinan,weighed530.02caratswasembeddedintheBritishKingsscepter(权杖).,Cullinan,Thesecondone(Cullinan),weighed317.4caratswasembeddedintheBritishKingscrown.,Cullinan,Jadeite（翡翠）,Jadeiteisajadematerial.ItschemicalcompositionisNaAlSi2O6.,Myanmar(缅甸)istheprincipalsources.,Topgradealwaysappearwithbrightgreenandfullycleartexture,likesomewaterinit.,happiness&modesty,WaterJadeite(水种翡翠),IceJadeite(冰种翡翠),Thisisatopgradejadeitenecklace,itwassoldfor72,612,000HongKongdollarsatChristiesauction(香港佳士得拍卖会)in1997.,Jadeitenecklace,Thisisatopgradejadeitebracelet,itwassoldfor$2,576,600atChristiesauctionin1999.,Jadeitebracelet,Ruby(红宝石),ItsmainchemicalcompositionisAl2O3.Rubyistrigonallatticeandalwaysappearswithrosepinkordeepred.,enthusiasm&charity,Sapphire(蓝宝石),Justliketheruby,sapphiresmainlychemicalcompositionisAl2O3.andithasatrigonallattice.ItsdeepbluewasmainlycausedbytheFeorTiimpurities.,honest&calm,Agate(玛瑙),Itisakindofsilica(二氧化硅)mineral,withatrigonallattice.,meat-shape,flowers,waterplant,Lapislazuli(青金石),Chemicalcomposition:(Na,Ca)78(Al,Si)12(O,S)24SO4,Cl2(OH)2,Itappearswithdeepblueandalwayshassomegoldenmetalparticlesinternally.,peace&authority,Ithaslongbeenusedinbuddhsim(佛教).,Commongrade,Topgrade,Garnet(石榴石),AnFe,AlorMgcontainingsilicate(硅酸盐).,approachable&sincerity,Turquoise(绿松石),CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)85H2O,Justiceandvictory,Chinesebronzesword,IdentificationTechniques,Naturalgemstoneshavecertainchemicalcompositionandcertainlatticestructure.Theyarephysicallyandchemicallystable.So,wecanidentifythesestonesfromthefollowingproperties.,refractiveindex(折射率),Color,hardness,characteristicspectrum(特征光谱),density,polarizedproperty(偏光性),thermalconductivity(热导率),IdentificationTechniques,magnifier(放大镜)ormicroscope,Toobservethegemstonesinclusion(内含物)andsurfacefeatures.,IdentificationTechniques,man-madegem,crystalgrowthwavystrip,IdentificationTechniques,spectroscope(分光镜),Todetectthestonescharacteristicspectrum.,IdentificationTechniques,Sapphire(蓝宝石),cobaltglass(蓝色钴玻璃),IdentificationTechniques,refractometer(折射仪),Todetectthestonesrefractionindexandcomparewiththenaturalgemstone.,diamand:2.42jadeite:1.66-1.68ruby:1.76-1.77agate:1.54.,IdentificationTechniques,hardnesspencil(硬度笔),Todetectthestoneshardness.,diamand:10jadeite:6.5-7ruby:9emerald:7.5-8crystal:7.,IdentificationTechniques,thermal-detector,Todetectthestonesthermalconductivity.,someotherdetectinstrument:scale(天平),UVlight(紫外灯)orevenlaserRamanspectrometer.,IdentificationTechniques,Summary,Gemstoneisthenaturalproductwithspecialcolors,nobleness,elegant,andpersistence.Itiseasytoidentifyitstrueorfalse.Themethodisfairlyquicklytograspanduse.,Bluediamond,Opal,Jadeite,Summary,However,thedesig