中考命题研究河北省2020中考英语 语法专题突破 专题七 形容词和副词（无答案） 人教新目标版

第一节形容词和副词考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号选项设置分值形容词词义辨析202030thankful/careful/useful/helpful1分41heavy/full/much/long1分78asleep(单词拼写)1分202031cute/strong/fast/straight1分47bored/tired/pleased/surprised1分54little/good/great/bad1分202047good/bad/rich/poor1分202033shy/friendly/crazy/healthy1分49sorry/active/lucky/nervous1分202054surprised at/interested_in/expected by/worried about1分形容词副词混合辨析202042quick/quickly/useful/usefully1分202042bad/badly/clear/clearly1分副词词义辨析202033mainly/really/possibly/hardly1分202051weakly/quickly/slowly/quietly1分202052usually/ever/sometimes/never1分51often/ever/seldom/never1分202051even/only/still/ever1分形容词副词转换202077safesafely1分202083politepolitely1分河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析及比较等级的考查上。对词义辨析的考查侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。对形容词与副词混合辨析的选项设置都是同根的形容词和副词，如bad与badly，quick与quickly，hard与hardly等。题目设置均为简单句，多为两个单句，词数一般为1013。另外，完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析，且近三年侧重一组形容词词义辨析和一组频度副词词义辨析，侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。词语运用则偏向形容词或副词的词性转换。预计2020年河北中考的单项选择必定考查一道形容词或副词词义辨析。词语运用对此的考查可能性不大，学生必须注意区分同根形容词与其ly结尾词的意义区分，如：bad与badly，clear与clearly等。河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _.(quick)2My uncle lost his ID card yesterday._，a schoolboy found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.(lucky)3Though it was raining _，the policeman was still standing at the crossing.(heavy)4Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English words _(correct)5All of us were _ that such a little girl spoke English so well.(surprise)6Its cool and _ in autumn in our hometown.(sun)二、单项选择()7.Its _ to find English difficult sometimes.Dont give upAstrange BunusualCnormal Dspecial()8.If you are full of love，youll be _ at finding the beautiful things in your life.Aafraid Bangry Cgood Dproud()9.There are a lot of people talking and laughing in the room and its very _Aquiet Bsoft Cnoisy Dlonely()10.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous BcarefulChonest Drude()11.Its raining _ now.Youd better take an umbrella with you.Aheavy BheavilyCstrong Dstrongly()12.Please be _Theres an important meeting in the next room.Aquickly BquickCquietly Dquiet()13.I carried the bowl with both hands _，so I wouldnt break it.Acarefully BhappilyCquickly Dcarelessly()14.My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved out.Alonely Bsafely Cangrily Dhappily()15.My friend Frank sings well，and he is _ good at playing guitar.Anot Balso Cyet Dtoo()16.(2020邯郸11中模拟)He said he would go _，but then he drove very fast.Aearly BquicklyCdirectly Dslowly()17.Helen was so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.Aever BalmostChardly Dalways【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly注意：(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚，迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎/将近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类位置例词时间副词一般放在句尾now现在then那时today今天tomorrow明天yesterday昨天before前面ago之前soon很快once曾经，以前at first首先at last最后just now刚才at once立刻，马上频度副词行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后twice两次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always总是，经常usually经常often经常，常常sometimes有时ever曾经never从来不地点副词一般放在句尾here这儿there那儿upstairs楼上downstairs楼下above上边behind后边everywhere每个地方anywhere任何地方方式副词放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前well好地，优质地badly坏地，劣质地fast快速地hard难地；努力地happily快乐地loudly大声地luckily幸运地politely礼貌地quickly快速地really真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置quite相当，完全，十分 rather相当，颇，有点 very非常 much许多 a lot许多 a little一点，一些 a bit少量 enough足够 hardly几乎不 almost大多数疑问副词通常置于句首疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。关系副词用来引导宾语从句，放在句中关系副词有when，where，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句。四、形容词和副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年河北中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。在单项选择部分是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。2副词词义辨析河北中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。3形容词和副词混合辨析河北中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是河北中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地加以运用。(1)如：Its easy to finish this task.完成这项任务很容易。That can be done easily.那很容易办到。(2)如：Business was rather slow last month.上个月生意不太景气。He slowly walked up the path.He walked up the path slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)如：The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他说得很清楚，我可以听到每一个字。(4)如：Lily and I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。The little baby was closely looked after by her.这个小婴儿被她细心照料着。(5)如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(6)如：Most of us agreed his plan.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。(7)如：My home is near to school.我家离学校很近。You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你将几乎半生投入到你的工作中。(8)如：Be quick，or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。You must resolve the situation quickly.你必须快速解决这种局面。(9)如：There is something useful.I hope it can help you.这儿有一些有用的东西，我希望它可以帮助到你。The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(10)如：I think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。(11)如：Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。He put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。第二节形容词和副词比较等级河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值形容词比较等级202041形容词最高级healthier/healthiest/thehealthier/the_healthiest1分202031形容词比较级better/best/a_better/the best1分52形容词比较级greater/more natural/lower/more common1分202034形容词最高级difficult/too difficult/more difficult/the_most_difficult1分副词比较等级202031副词比较等级early/earlier/the earlier/the earliest1分河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词比较等级的考查较多，且偏向形容词的比较等级及形容词和副词比较等级的混合辨析。选项设置多为同一词根的不同等级混合辨析，且语境的设置都会出现一些提示性词语，如：of all，than，in，never，before，I should等。句子的设置多为两个单句，词数为912。预计2020年河北中考的单项选择可能会考查一道形容词或副词的比较级。河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1This place is not big enough for Lucys birthday party.We should find a _ one.(big)2I work hard this term，but Peter works much _.(hard)3This Tshirt is not large enough.Please show me a _ one.(large)4Yao Ming is _ Chinese basketball player that ever played in NBA.(tall)5Playing computer games is _ of all the activities.(interesting)二、单项选择()6.(2020石家庄41中模拟)We lost the match because they had _ players.They had eleven and we had only nine!Aless Bmuch Cfewer Dmore()7.Things are _ on the moon than on the earth.Amuch heavier Bthe heaviestCmuch lighter Dthe lightest()8.In the talent show，I performed well and Ann did even _Awell Bbetter Cmore Dworse()9.Most kids would say sports games are the _ things in a school.They feel very excited.Ahappiest BeasiestCworst Dbusiest()10.(2020唐山9中模拟)It will be _ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.Amuch cheap Bmore cheaplyCmuch cheaper Dmuch cheaply()11.Tom writes _ than us，so he can get good grades in writing.Amost carefully Bmore carefullyCless careful Dleast careful()12.Someone says“Time is money”But I think time is _ important than money.Aless BmuchCeven more Dmuch least()13.You should do more exercise，or youll become _Amore strongly and stronglyBbetter and betterCweaker and weakerDmore weak and weak()14.Lucy does homework _ than Tim.Acarefully Bmore carefulCmore carefully Dthe most carefully()15.A 100yearold man ran a marathon in Toronto on Sunday.He became the _ person to complete the longdistance running in the world.Aold BolderColdest Dmore old()16.The population problem may be one of _ problems in the world today.Agreat Bmore greatCthe greatest Dgreater()17.(2020沧州14中模拟)Can you tell me why you learn English so well?Its very simple._ you work，_ grades you will get.AThe harder；the bestBThe hard；the betterCHarder；betterDThe harder；the better【满分点拨】一、形容词、副词比较等级的构成1形容词副词比较等级的一般变化规则规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er，est。smallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加r，st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以辅音字母y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加er，est。earlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加er，est。redbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，erestingimportantmore interestingmoreimportantmost interestingmost important2.常见不规则变化的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法句型意义例句as形容词/副词原级as两者比较，程度相同。“asas”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等。This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as形容词/副词原级a(n)可数名词单数形式as。Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。This is just as good an example as the other one.这个例子和另外那个一样好。如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但而且”。Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。not as(so)形容词/副词原级as两者相比，一方不及另一方。This village isnt as(so)big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。I didnt do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。形容词(副词)比较级than两者进行比较。The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。比较级and比较级越来越，多音节的用more and more形容词或副词原级。She is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家越来越美了。the比较级，the比较级越，越，如果“the比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后。The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高兴。The more，the better.越多越好。The more money he gets，the more he wants.他得到的钱越多越想要。具体数字(如倍数)asas是的倍。The city is two times as big as my hometown.这个城市是我的家乡的2倍。具体数字、实物、倍数等比较级than形容词与具体倍数等的比较。He is a head taller than I他比我高一个头。This city is three times larger than that one.这座城市比那座城市大三倍。形容词最高级介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的。He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。副词最高级介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的。He works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。河北中考考点精练()1.(2020梅州中考)If overweight people eat less and take more exercise，theyll soon feel much_.AfatterBolderCbigger Dhealthier()2.(2020南京中考)Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital.But after a weeks rest，she felt much _ and went back to school.Agood BbetterCbad Dworse()3.(2020保定8中模拟)The fish tastes _，we have eaten it up.It is certain that she cooked it _.Agood；well Bwell；goodCwell；well Dgood；good()4.(2020杭州中考)My time in the middle school was one of _ periods of my life.AexcitingBmore excitingCthe more excitingDthe most exciting()5.(2020广安中考)Who does homework _，Tom，Jack or Bill?Bill.Amore carefullyBmore carefulCmost carefullyDmost careful()6.(2020温州中考)I fell off the bike on my way to school._，I wasnt hurt.ALuckily BSuddenlyCPolitely DRecently()7.(2020滨州中考)Teenagers should be encouraged to go _ and be close to nature.Ainside BbackCoutside Doff()8.(2020泰安中考)How are you getting along with your English study?Much better.I dont feel it as _as before.Ainteresting BmuchCdifficult Deasy()9.(2020连云港中考)Why are you looking_ in class all day?Because I cant finish my homework until eleven every night.Aawake BasleepCsleeping Dsleepy()10.(2020石家庄42中模拟)I hate vegetables.I_eat them.But they are good for your health! You should eat them every day.Aalways BseldomCoften Dusually()11.(2020聊城中考)Earthquakes always happen _，so it is difficult to know when they come.Ahopefully BsuddenlyCusually Dluckily()12.(2020沧州14中模拟)Lin Dan won the badminton game again.Yes，I think no one can do _ than him.Awell BbetterCbest Dgood()13.(2020天津中考)Lets open the windows to have some _ air here.Acheap BnervousCcareful Dfresh()14.(2020南充中考)Roy thinks he works as _ as his friend，Dan.Ahardly BharderChard Dmore hardly()15.(2020重庆中考B卷)I could _ hear what you said just now.Could you please say it again?Asometimes BalwaysChardly Dclearly()16.(2020泰州中考)I cant hear you _，something may be wrong with my telephone.Acarefully BclearlyCquietly Dslowly()17.(2020青岛中考)This camera is too expensive.Id like a_ one.Acheap BcheaperCcheapest Dmore expensive()18.(2020莱芜中考)Look! The boys are talking about the movie _.They always have so many fun things to share.Asadly BangrilyCnervously Dhappily()19.(2020南昌中考)Sally used to be _，but now she takes part in different activities and makes many new friends.Aactive BquietChonest Doutgoing()20.(2020济南中考)Why not go to Sunshine Supermarket？You can buy everything _ there.Amostly BwidelyCcheaply Dheavily()21.(2020邢台中考模拟)You had better put on a _ sweater since it is cold in the morning.Athin BcoolCthick Dheavy()22.(2020保定8中模拟)The baby is sleeping.Please walk into the room _.Aquiet BquietlyCheavy Dheavily()23.(2020廊坊中考模拟)Tomorrow is Anns birthday.Her mother is going make a _ meal for her.Abig BcommonCquick Dsimple()24.(2020石家庄41中模拟)Im not hungry because I have _ had lunch.Aever BneverCjust Dstill()25.(2020衡水5中模拟)We dont want to speak badly or _ in front of the class.Aclearly BcarefullyCcarelessly Dproperly()26.(2020沧州中考模拟)My sister _ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day.Aalways BsometimesChardly Dnever()27.(2020唐山9中模拟)Ill not be Jacks friend any more.Dont be angry.Hes just so _，but in fact hes good to us，you know.Ahelpful BdirectCpolite Dbrave()28.(2020承德中考模拟)With the development of modern science，its _ for us to get information from all over the world.Aslower BbusierCharder Deasier()29.(2020石家庄质量检测中考)Excus