中考英语教材一本通 八下 Unit 9-10（通用）

八年级下册Units 910 类别 新课标要求 重点词汇拓展 1.invent (v.)invention (n.) 发明；发明物inventor (n.) 创造者；发明者 2.believe (v.)believable (adj.) 可信任的unbelievable (反义词 adj.) 难以置信的 3.peace (n.)peaceful (adj.) 和平的；安宁的 4.collect (v.)collection (n.) 收藏品；收藏 5.safe(adj.) safety (n.)安全 dangerous (adj.)危险的 danger (n.)危险 6.simple (adj.)simply (adv.) 仅仅；只 7.whether (conj.)weather (同音词 n.) 天气 8.memorize (v.)memory (n.) 记忆；回忆 9.make (v.)maker (n.) 制造者；生产者 10.true(adj.) truth (n.)真相；事实 truthful (adj.)诚实的；真实的 11usual(adj.) unusual (反义词)特别的；不寻常的 12encourage(v.) encouragement (n.)鼓励 13most(adj.)大多数 mostly (adv.)主要地 14scarf(n.) scarves/scarfs (复数) 15own(v.) owner (n.)拥有者 16especial(adj.) especially (adv.)尤其；特别；格外 重点短语记忆 1.put up 搭建 2.think about 考虑 3.a coupleof 两个；一对 4.thousands of 数以千计的 5.on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面另一方面 6.three quarters 四分之三 7.all year round 全年 8.clean out 清理；丢掉 9.no longer 不再；不复 10.part with 放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西) 11.as for 至于 12.to be honest 说实在的 13.regard. as. 把视为 14.according to 依据；按照 15.close to 几乎；接近 15 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 16have problems doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 17 board game 棋类游戏 18 check out 查看；观察 重点句型整理 1.Have you ever been to a science museum? 你去过科学博物馆吗？ Yes, I have. 是的，去过。 2.Ive never been to a water park. 我从未去过水上公园。 Me neither. 我也没去过。 3.How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有那个火车轨道多长时间了？ Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日时，他就拥有了它。 4Lets go somewhere different today.我们今天去某个不同的地方吧。 5Its really interesting，isnt it ？它确实很有趣，是不是？ 6Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself 观看他们准备沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人享受。 7 How long have you had that bike over there？那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ Ive had it for three years！我买了三年了！ 8Jim has been in Japan for three days.吉姆在日本待了三天了。 9Nowadays， millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数百万中国人离开农村去城市寻找工作。 10I used to return home at least once a year，but I havent been back for almost three years now.我过去一年至少回去一次，但是现在我几乎三年没有回去 【常考词汇】 1.whenever 【知识点睛】whenever 意为“在任何时候；无论何时”，与 no matter when 同义。作连词可引导让步状语从句。类似的词还有 whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)， whoever(无论谁)等。 You can ask for help whenever you need it.你无论何时需要帮助都可以提出来。 Whatever you say，Ill believe you.无论你说什么，我都相信你。 Whoever telephones，tell him (her) Im out.不管是谁打电话，告诉他(她)我出去了。 【即时演练】1)Kates dad is getting old.She will go back home to see him _C_ it is convenient. Abecause Balthough Cwhenever Dunless 2.especially 【知识点睛】especially 副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中常用作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。其形容词形式为 especial，意为“特别的；特殊的”。 Flowers are always welcomed，especially in winter.鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是在冬天。 【即时演练】1)The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around，_A_ in winter.Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists. Aespecially Bgenerally Cprobably Dfinally 3.German adj.德国的，德语的，德国人的 n德语，德国人 【知识点睛】表示“德国人”时，是可数名词，其复数形式是 Germans。表示“德语”时，是不可数名词。 There were many Germans at the stadium.体育馆有许多德国人。 Who speaks German? 谁讲德语？ 【归纳拓展】 (1)Germany n德国 (2)直接在词尾加 s 变复数形式表示“某国人”的名词还有： 美国人 AmericanAmericans 澳大利亚人 AustralianAustralians 俄国人 RussianRussians 加拿大人 CanadianCanadians 4.according to 依据，按照 【知识点睛】according to 后常接第三人称(如 him, her, Jim, Mary, the doctor 等)，不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类表示看法的词。 According to me, the film is wonderful.() In my opinion, the film is wonderful.() 依我看，这部电影很不错。 According to my opinion, he did it very well.() In my opinion, he did it very well.() 在我看来，他干得很不错。 5.consider v注视，仔细考虑 【知识点睛】(1)consider 用作及物动词，意为“考虑”。后接名词、动名词形式、宾语从句或疑问词to do 结构。即： Were considering moving to countryside.我们正在考虑搬到农村。 For your next vacation，why not consider visiting Qingdao? 在你下一次假期时，为什么不考虑去青岛旅游呢？ We consider Beijing (as) the heart of our country.我们把北京看作是祖国的心脏。 (2)consider 用作不及物动词，常用于“considersb./sth.(as)名词”结构或“consider sb./sth.(to be)形容词”结构中。意为“认为某人”。 We consider her (as) our friend.我们把她当作我们的朋友。温馨提示：consider 后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语。 We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival.我们在考虑赴海南过春节。 温馨提示： consider doing sth.考虑做某事 consider.as.把看作 【归纳拓展】与 consider 一样，在与动词连用时，只能用动名词形式的动词或短语常见的还有：enjoy“喜爱”，practice“练习”，keep(on)“继续(一直)”，mind“介意”，finish“完成”， have fun“高兴”，feel like “想要”，look forward to“盼望”，cant help“禁不住”等。 【即时演练】1）Walking more is good for our health. Youre right. So Id rather _ an hours walk to work than consider _ a car. Atake; driving Btake; drive Ctake; to drive Dto take; driving 解析：would rather do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事”；consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事”。 2）I dont know where to go this summer vacation. Why not _ visiting Huanggang？There are many places of interest there. Asuggest Bwonder Cconsider Dregard 解析：suggest 意为“建议”，wonder 意为“想知道”，consider 意为“考虑”，regard 意为“注意”。由答句“为什么不考虑去游览黄冈呢？那里有许多名胜”。可知应选 C。 6. practice 【知识点睛】practice 及物动词，意为“实践，练习”，其后可接名词或动名词。 I practice English every morning.我每天早上练习英语。 He practice playing the piano every day.他每天练习弹钢琴。 【归纳拓展】 practice 用作名词，意为“练习，实践”。 Learning a new language needs a lot of practice.学习一门新语言需要勤练习。 【即时演练】Why not _ an English club to practice _ English？(2020，淮安) Ajoin；speaking Bto join；speaking Cjoin；to speak Dto join；speak 解析：why not 后接动词原形，排除 B、D 两项，practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，为固定短语，排除 C 项。故选 A 项。 【常考句型 易错辨析】 1Its a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon. 那是度过周六下午的好方法。(Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 (1)a great way to do sth.意为“做的好方法”。 Reading more is a great way to study English. 多读是学英语的一种好方法。 (2)spend 动词， 意为“度过；花(时间)”。 They often spend time in the park. 他们经常在公园里消磨时光。 2They have information about different computers and who invented them. 他们有关于不同的电脑以及发明者的信息。(Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 invent 是动词，意为“发明；创造”。 He has invented a new way of making silk.他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。 【妙辨异同】 invent 与 discover invent 意为“发明”，表示发明原先不存在的东西，诸如机器或工具等 discover 意为“发现”，表示发现原来已存在但未为人所知的东西 Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison invented the electric light bulb. 吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯。 3Its unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way. 科技以这么快的速度发展是令人难以置信的。(Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 (1)此句是一个含有主语从句的复合句。It 在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后边 that 引导的从句。 Its impossible that they finished the job in such a short time. 他们在这么短的时间内完成这个工作是不可能的。 (2)此句中 progress 是动词，意为“进步；进展”。 【归纳拓展】 progress 的用法 progress 作名词的基本意思是“前进”，一般是指在空间中行进，用于抽象事物可作“进步，进展”讲，一般是指某人在某个方面取得了比以前更好的成绩，也可表示进步的事物。 progress 是不可数名词，一般不与不定冠词 a 连用，但当其有形容词等修饰语时，可与 a 连用； 在表示“各方面都取得进展”时，可以用复数形式。 You have got a great progress. 你已经取得了很大的进步。 【妙辨异同】 such 与 so We had such a boring weekend. We had so boring a weekend.这个周末我们过得很无聊。 Its a waste of time to ask so many people to do so little work on such a hot day. 这样热的天让这么多的人干这么少的活真是浪费时间。 4It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 它也鼓励政府和社会团体思考将来改进坐便器的方法。(Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 Peter never fails to encourage us to study hard.彼得总是鼓励我们要好好学习。 【即时演练】王先生总是鼓励我们课堂上说英语。(encourage) _ （Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in class. ） 【归纳拓展】 (1)courage n勇气；胆量；encouraged adj.受鼓舞的；encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 (2)encourage sb. in sth.在某方面鼓励某人 My parents always encourage me in my study.父母总是在学业方面鼓励我。 5Ive never been to a water park. 我从未去过水上公园。Me neither.我也没去过。 (Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 Me neither.表示说话者的情况与上述否定句所说的内容一样，是省略句。常用于口语。正式表达本句应是 Neither/Nor have I。 I didnt go to the park last Sunday.上星期天我没去公园。 Me neither./Neither did I.我也没去。 【归纳拓展】 neither 的用法 形容词 (1)用在单数名词之前 (2)其修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。 代词 (1)作主语，谓语动词常用单数 (2)常与 of 连用，neither of名词复数 Neither of them was in good health, but both of them worked very hard. 他们两个人身体都不好，但工作都非常努力。 副词 位于句首，用倒装语序，表示“也不” neitherbe 动词/助动词/情态动词主语 He doesnt go to school by bike.Neither do I他不骑自行车上学。我也不骑。 连词 (1)neither.nor.表示“既不也不”，连接两个并列成分表否定；反义短语 both.and.，连接同等成分表示肯定 (2)连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Neither I nor Jane is interested in science. 我和简对科学都不感兴趣。 【即时演练】1)He didnt finish his homework yesterday. _Me_neither_(我也没有。) 6For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday.对于许许多多的中国游客来说，东南亚的这个小岛是度假而且安全的好地方。(Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 (1)thousand 是基数词，意为“千”，在表示确切的数字时，不能使用复数形式，且后面不能加 of。 There are two thousand students in our school.我校有两千名学生。 thousand 作基数词表示不确定的数字时，要用复数形式且与 of 连用，意为“数以千计的，许许多多的”。 Thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种植成千上万棵树。 温馨提示：some，several，many 等可以用来修饰 thousands of，与 thousand 用法相同的词还有：hundred，million，billion 等。口诀：具体数字用单数；模糊数字用复数，后面还要跟 of。 (2)take a holiday 固定短语，意为“度假”。 Singapore is a good place to take a holiday. 新加坡是一个度假的好地方。 7.more than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超过四分之三的人口是华人(Unit 9) 【知识点睛】 (1)more than 固定短语， 意为“多于；超过”，相当于 over。 He has been here for more than 20 years. He has been here for over 20 years. 他在这儿已经待了 20 多年了。 (2)three quarters“四分之三”，也可以说“three fourths”。 【归纳拓展】 英语中分数的表达：分数是由基数词和序数词组成的，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是 1 时，分母用单数形式；分子大于 1 时，分母用复数形式，当分数前面有整数时，要用连词 and 连接。 英语中的分数常与 of 连用，后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词。作主语时谓语动词的形式取决于所修饰的名词，若是可数名词，则用复数，若是不可数名词，则用单数。 Two thirds of the students in my class are girls.我班里三分之二的学生是女孩。 One third of the water is polluted.三分之一的水被污染了。 温馨提示：英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。 【即时演练】1) especially_ of the students in our class _C_ girls. ATwo fifth；is BTwo fifth；are CTwo fifths；are DTwo fifths；is 8The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyre still interesting. 里面的故事可能有点陈旧，但它们依然很有趣。(Unit 10) 【知识点睛】a bit “有点”，在此相当于 a little，kind of，修饰形容词。 He thinks he is a bit heavy.He thinks he is a little heavy.He thinks he is kind of heavy. 他认为他有点胖。 温馨提示：修饰名词时，要用 a bit of。 9As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest,_I have not played for a while now. 至于我， 我不想放弃我的足球衫，但是说实话，我已经有一段时间没有踢足球了。(Unit 10) 【知识点睛】 (1)as for 意为“至于；关于”， 后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。 As for homework, I do it on Saturday afternoon. 至于作业，我在周六下午做。 (2)to be honest 意为“说实在的”。 To be honest, I dont like the party. 说实话，我不喜欢这个晚会。 (3)for a while 意为“有一段时间； 有那么一小会儿”。 10How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有那个火车轨道多长时间了？ Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日时，他就拥有了它。(Unit 10) 【妙辨异同】 since 与 for since 时间点 作介词，意为“自以来”，后接表示时间点的词或词组 作连词，引导时间状语从句；通常情况下，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时 For 一段时间 for 后接时间段，表示时间的持续，句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词 since 和 for 都引导表示一段时间的短语或从句时可以互换；对其提问都用 how long Mr.Brown has worked in that factory since 2020.自 2020 年以来，布朗先生就在那家工厂工作了。 I have been collecting stamps since I was five years old.我自五岁起就一直在收集邮票。 I have had the dictionary for 2 weeks.这本字典我买了两个星期了。 【归纳拓展】 对 since 短语或从句及 for 短语提问用 how long。 Lucy has been swimming since she was 10.(对画线部分提问) How long has Lucy been swimming? 【即时演练】1)How long have you lived in the new flat? _C_ 2020. AIn BAfter CSince DBefore 2)Im looking after Tom today.Hes been in my house _C_ 8：00 this morning.(2020，十堰) Aat Bfor Csince Dtill 11.millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.数百万中国人离开农村去城市寻找工作。(Unit 10) 【知识点睛】 (1)millions of “数百万”， million 的用法与 thousand, hundred 相同。当前面有具体数字时，不能用复数形式，当表示不确定数量时用复数形式，并与 of 连用，表示“许多；大量的”。 Millions of tourists come to China every year. 每年大量的游客来中国。 (2)search for 固定短语， 意为“搜寻；搜索”。 The policemen are searching for the thief. 警察正在搜寻那个小偷。 【妙辨异同】search/search for (1)search 指“搜查某地或搜身”，其宾语可以是房屋、人身、衣袋等名词。 He searched his pockets, but found nothing. 他翻遍了自己的口袋，但什么也没找到。 (2)search for 指“搜寻、搜索某人或某物”。search 后还可接要搜查的地方，即 searchfor sth./sb.，意为“在某处搜寻某物/人”。 They are searching for his clothes.他们在搜寻他的衣服。 I searched everywhere for the book.我到处找那本书。 12Its a shame, but I just dont have the time.实在是遗憾，但我就是没有时间(Unit 10) 【知识点睛】 Its a shame. 是一种常见的口语表达，表示一种不如人愿的情形，相当于汉语中的“真遗憾；多可惜啊”。Its a shame.后可跟动词不定式或由 that 引导的主语从句。 Its a shame to break this bottle. 打碎了这个瓶子真是可惜。 Its a shame that you have to leave soon. 真遗憾这么快你就要走了。 温馨提示： shame 还可表示“因做错事而感到羞愧；惭愧”。 His face burned with shame. 他的脸因羞愧而发烫。 13Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. 许多像钟伟一样的人怀着极大的兴趣关心他们的家乡变成了什么样。(Unit 10) 【知识点睛】regard 用作动词，常与介词 as 连用，意为“把看作”。 I regard my English teacher as my elder sister.我把英语老师看作我的姐姐。 温馨提示：类似的词组还有：look on.as，consider.as，think of.as，treat.as 等。 14.Among these is Zhong Wei，a 46yearold husband and father.钟伟，一位 46 岁的丈夫和父亲，就是其中的一位。 【知识点睛】46yearold 是一个复合形容词，在句中作定语。这种复合形容词有两个特点：一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词连字符“”名词(单数)。 Tom is a 10yearold boy.Tom is a boy of 10 years old.汤姆是一个 10 岁的男孩。 【即时演练】1)A _B_ player named Li Jianrou from China won Chinas first gold medal in 2020 winter Olympics. A27yearsold B27yearold C27 years old D27yearolds 2)The park is far away from here indeed.Its about _D_ walk. Aa three hour Ba three hours Ca threehours Da threehour 15.I have had this bike for three years.这辆自行车我已经买了三年了。 【知识点睛】（1）此句中的 had 意为“买”。buy 是短暂性动词，不可以接时间段；若要接时间段，则要改为延续性动词 have。 He has bought the book for two weeks. () He has had the book for two weeks. () 他买了这本书两周了。 【即时演练】1）I wonder when you_ the new watch. Well, I_ it for two weeks. Ahave bought; have had Bbought; have bought Cbought; have had Dhave bought; have bought 解析：根据 when 和句意可知第一空用一般过去时；根据 for 和句意可知第二空用现在完成时，buy 为非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用，应用 have 代替，故选 C。 （2）在现在完成时中，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词通常用延续性动词。如：learn，be，work，know，keep，have 等。 She has worked here for five years.她在这儿工作五年了。 He has been in the army for two years.他参军已经两年了。 【即时演练】2)What a nice bike！How long _ you _D_ it? Just for five weeks. Awill；buy Bdid；buy Care；having Dhave；had 3)Look at these stamps.I _B_ them for five years. Wow，they are wonderful. Akept Bhave kept Chave bought Dhad bought 16.have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in 【知识点睛】have been to“曾经去过，人已经回来了”，常与 ever 或 never 连用，也可与表示次数的词连用，表示“去过(某地)几次”。 have gone to“去了”，在去某地的路上或已经在某地，人还未回来，只能用于第三人称。 have been in“已经在(某地)”，常与一段时间连用。 I have never been to a water park.我从来都没有去过水上公园。 Wheres Kathy？凯西在哪里？ Shes gone to Shanghai.她去上海了。 He has been in Beijing for ten years.他在北京 10 年了。温馨提示：这三个短语若后面接副词，则去掉介词 to 或者 in。 【即时演练】1)Where is Mr.Wang? He together with his students _A_ Zhuyuwan Park. A has gone to Bhave gone to Chas been to Dhave been to 2)Have you ever been to Tokyo? Yes，I _B_ there twice.Its a modern city. Ahave gone Bhave been Chad gone Dhad been 17.do with，deal with 【知识点睛】两者都表示“处理”。但 do with 常和疑问词 what 连用；deal with 常和疑问词 how 连用。 I dont know how they deal with the problem.I dont know what they do with the problem. 我不知道他们是如何处理这个问题的。 【即时演练】1)Many students dont know how to _B_ stress and become worried. I think theyd better ask their teachers for help. Aargue with Bdeal with Cquarrel with Dcome up with 18.between/among 【知识点睛】(1)between 多指两者之间。betweenand意为“在和之间”，后跟代词时用人称代词的宾格形式。 Whats the difference between the two words?这两个单词有什么不同？ (2)among 指“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，或在笼统的一群人或一些物之中”，表示“在中间，在之中”。但是表达三者或三者以上的人或事物中两两之间的关系时，仍用 between。 There is a house among the trees.树林中有一座房子。 I always sit between Mum and Dad when we take photos.拍照时，我总是坐在爸爸和妈妈中间。 温馨提示：我们可以说 between you and me，但不能说 between you and I，因为 between 是介词。 (3)among 可用来表示一个比较的范围，常与最高级连用。 Yokohama is among (one of) the largest seaports in the Far East. 横滨是远东最大的海港之一。 【即时演练】Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花节)? Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying _ them. Ain Bamong Cbetween Dthrough 解析：in 表示“在里面”；between 与 among 均表示“在之间”，前者一般指两者之间，后者一般用于三者或三者以上；through 意为“穿过”，表示从物体内部穿透。由答句句意“是的，桃花太美了。蜜蜂在花丛中飞舞。”可知应选 B。 19.The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.茶艺表演展示了如何用精美的茶具沏一杯完美的茶。 【知识点睛】(1)performance 可数名词，意为“表演；演出”。另外 performer 也为名词，意为“演出者，演员”。其动词为 perform，意为“表演，演出”。 He is a good performer.他是一个好演员。 (2)How to make a perfect cup of tea是“疑问词动词不定式”结构，作动词show的宾语。英语中，疑问代词 what，who，which 和疑问副词 where，when，how 等后面接动词不定式结构构成动词不定式短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。温馨提示：“疑问词动词不定式”结构作宾语时，相当于宾语从句。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可以与此结构互换。 I really cant decide where to go.I really cant decide where I should go.我真地不能决定该去哪里。 【即时演练】Which dress do you like best，Madam? Sorry，I cant decide _ now. Ato buy which one Bbuy which one Cwhich one to buy Dwhich I should buy it 解析：decide 为动词，which one to buy 作宾语；D 项中连接词 which 作 buy 的宾语，不能再加宾语 it，故可排除。因此选 C。 12020鞍山 Jessicas parents always encourage her _ out her opinions. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak 22020安徽 Rose finished her study in the university and went to _ a good job. A. take after B. look after C. care for D. search for 32020成都 _I am in trouble, my classmates will help me out. A. Before B. Whenever C. Although 42020齐齐哈尔 Im sorry, Mr. Li. I _ my English homework at home. Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow. A. left; to bring B. forgot; to take C. lost; to bring 52020东营 Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival (桃花节)? Yes. The flowers were beautiful. Bees were flying _ them. A. in B. among C. between D. through 62020江西 Everyone wants to win. But _ me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. A. as for B. thanks to C. instead of D. such as 72020滨州 The