中考英语 题型四 任务型阅读解题指导 牛津译林版

任务型阅读 这类阅读题目中有一个图表或一个表格，其中有一些信息，留出空格，要求根据文章填空。所填的内容一般分为如下几类： 时间、事件及人物； 数字及排位； 物体的构成及功能； 流程图； 抽象名词。 技巧点拨 找出题目中的关键词。 如果图表中涉及时间或数字，它们肯定是关键词，而且肯定是原文对应，即原文中出现的也是这些词本身。如果图表中没有涉及时间或数字，往往要根据具体的意思，在已知的信息中确定一个关键词。 到原文中去找关键词的对应词。 仔细阅读对应词所在的句子，确定正确答案。 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。 注意： 注意题目要求中是否有数字限制。 绝大部分的答案是原文原词，而且是原文中连续的几个词。 一般比较简单，注意快速答题。 实例解析（天津市） 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成表格。 Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, France. He was a very smart child. Unluckily, at the age of four, he became blind by accident. Louis began attending school in his town when he was seven years old. Three years later, Louis and his father traveled to Paris. There, he went to a school for blind children. One day a French soldier, Charles Barbier, visited the school. Barbier invented a system of night-reading. This system used small dots for the letters. Soldiers used this system in time of war. Barbier thought this system could help the blind to read. Soon Braille discovered that there were some shortcomings (缺点) in Barbiers system, but it gave Louis a brilliant idea. He improved Barbiers system. By the age of fifteen, his new system was completed! Now he wanted blind schools to try his system. Luck went against him again. The school refused to use his system. Louis died in 1852 in Paris at age forty-three. Two years after he died, the blind schools began to use his system. Today we call this system Braille in honour of Louis Braille. His system is used for all language, and for maths, science, writing music, and computers for the blind.Louis BrailleTimePlaceEventsin 1 in Coupvraywas bornat the age of four/become 2 at the age of sevenin 3 started schoolat the age of 4 in Parisstudied in a school for blind children by the age of 15/completed his new systemin 1852in Paris 5 【主旨大意】路易布莱尔（Louis Braille）生于法国巴黎附近的考普瓦利小镇。四岁时，因意外事故不幸失明。十岁时，他被人送入巴黎皇家盲人学校学习。1824年法国盲人路易布莱尔创造了一种盲人使用的文字点字。 【答案】1.1809 2.blind 3.his town 4.ten 5.died解题方法突破方法 1：准确查找法表格中有些题目在短文中有明确的答案，这就需要我们将原来文中与题目意思相同或相近的句子找出来，加以对照，从而填上所缺的信息。方法 2：语法转换法许多同学抱怨表格中的题目找到相关的句子但填上的答案是错误的。这是因为有些题目设计的语境变化而导致语法上必须做相应的改变，在人称、时态、名词单复数、基数词与序数词等进行转换，从而适应另一个新的语境。方法 3：数据推算法此类题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做简单的计算和推断。在做此类题时要注意：要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。弄清众多信息中哪些是有用信息，哪些是干扰信息。不要孤立看待数字信息，二要抓住一些关键用语的含义。方法 4：归纳总结法有些题目在文章中难以找到答案，需要学生查找分析相关信息并将其进行对比、归纳总结后再进行填词。做此类题必须具备一定简明扼要归纳语言的能力。1-1（扬州）Eat enough for lunch and little for supper. But remember that too much sugar is bad for your teeth and blood.Eating properlyYou should have enough for lunch and little for .答案：supper 点拨：本题用准确查找法。由短文第二段第6句Eat enough for lunch and little for supper.可知准确找到答案。1-2（连云港）At the age of 17, he became the youngest person to sail all by himself around the world on a nine-month voyage(航海).Amazing FactsAt the age of 17, Mike had a nine-month voyage of sailing around the world. 1-3（湖北黄冈）Last year, the 24-year-old actress played bad girl Luo Qingchuan in the time-travelling TV play, Palace. The play became a big success and made Yang very famous.Thats why she is glad to help others when they are in need. This year, Yang became the ambassador(大使) for the Climate Group.At the age of _She became the ambassador for the Climate Group.答案：25 点拨：此题用数据推算法。由“Last year, the 24-year-old actress”可知杨幂去年24岁，再由最后一句的this year可知，她在今年（25岁时）成为气候组织的形象大使，故空格上应填写25。1-4（哈尔滨）In 1902, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the USA, went on hunting People named the bear Teddy which was Theodores nickname(昵称).In 1913, a captain named Harry Colebourn paid 20