2011高考英语一轮复习——语法专项课件课件（四）形容词和副词.ppt

(四)形容词和副词一、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序限定词(these，those.)数量形容词(three)描绘性形容词(beautiful)大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)新旧(old)颜色(red)国籍(Chinese)材料(wood)用途(writing)被修饰名词(desk)。abeautifulwhiteJapanesemilitaryjeep二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1.当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing时。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当“形容词介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.,3.当两个意义相反的形容词用“both.and.”；and；or或but连接在一起作定语时。Thestudentswererequiredtoseeafilmbothinterestingandinstructive.4.当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。Thepeasantsdugawellabout_fifty_metres_deep.三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。Theoldmanwasaloneinthehouse.【注】上述形容词可以作补语。Wefoundthesnakestillalive.alive，alone，awake等可以用作后置定语。Heisthegreatestpoetalive.,以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。sound/fastasleep熟睡的wideawake十分清醒的四、下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”(im)possible，(un)necessary，(im)probable，(in)convenient，如：Itisnotconvenienttoworkattheweekend.周末工作不便。五、形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。Hereturnedhome，safeandsound.,六、复合形容词的构成,【注】复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式。,七、两种形式的副词有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地free免费freely自由地，自如地deep深deeply深刻地，深入地hard努力地hardly几乎不wide宽阔widely广泛地high高highly高度地late晚、迟lately近来near邻近nearly几乎,most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地easy从容地easily容易地八、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语Fortunately，hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLAmen.九、副词enough的用法1.enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。IfIhadalongenoughholiday，IdvisitEurope，stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.Thedriverdrovehiscarcarefullyenough.2.cannot与enough连用，表示“再也不为过”。Youcannotbecarefulenough.你再细心也不为过。,【注】enough的这一用法可用“cannot(cannever).too.”句型替换。Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.(Youcanneverbecarefulenoughinthestreet.)十、注意下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配Hesdead/blinddrunk.他喝得酩酊大醉。Itsraining/snowingheavily.雨/雪下得很大。Hesmoving/breathing/drinking/smokingheavily.他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。十一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.表示倍数的三个句型：(1).timesas形容词原级as.Thistableis3timesasbigasthatone.,(2).timesthe性质名词of.Thistableis3timesthesizeofthatone.(3).times形容词比较级than.Thistableis2timesbiggerthanthatone.2.同程度级的比较，用as.as，thesameas，such.as引导：Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.亨利不如我的书多。3.the比较级，the比较级Themoreyoutalked，thelessattentionhepaidtoyou.你说得越多，他越不注意你。4.比较级and比较级，表示“越来越”Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.新城变得越来越美丽。,5.the比较级ofthetwo名词：Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。6.用介词by表示相差的程度。SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.她比我高三英尺。7.一个人的两种品质的比较，用more.than结构：Ithinkshesmoreshythanunfriendly.与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。8.否定比较级最高级Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。,9.比较的对象不能相互包容，注意：,TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.密西西比河是美国最长的河。10.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，alot，alittle，agreatdeal，byfar，abit，threetimes等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们比以前学习更努力了。,11.比较的对象应该相同。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。Chinahasalargerpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.12.no比较级than的特殊含义AisnomorecarefulthanB.A和B两人都不仔细。AisnolesscarefulthanB.A和B两人都很仔细。过关落实1Cheerfulvoicessuggestedtheywerehavinga(n)_discussion.AhotBseriousCfriendlyDunusual解析：从前面的“cheerful”一词可知他们在进行一次“友好的”讨论。答案：C,2.Anew_busservicetoTianjinAirportstartedtooperatetwomonthsago.A.normalB.usualC.regularD.common解析：regular有规律的，固定的。答案：C3.Itisnotsocially_forparentstoleavechildrenunattendedatthatage.A.accessibleB.adorableC.adaptableD.acceptable解析：acceptable可接受的。答案：D,4.Aftertwoyearsresearch，wenowhavea_betterunderstandingofthedisease.A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite解析：far/much/even等副词常用来修饰比较级。答案：B5.Hebegantotakepoliticalscience_onlywhenheleftschool.A.strictlyB.trulyC.carefullyD.seriously解析：seriously认真地，严肃地。答案：D,6.Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas9394.Wewereonly_beaten.A.nearlyB.slightlyC.narrowlyD.lightly解析：benarrowlybeaten指比分靠近，(对方)险胜。答案：C7.Itshardforhimplayingagainstme.Ivegotnothingtoplayfor，butforhim，heneedstowinso_.A.farB.wellC.littleD.badly解析：badly在本句中意为“非常，很”。答案：D,8.WithApril18srailwayspeedup，highwayandairtransportwillhavetocompetewith_serviceforpassengers.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest解析：随着四月十八日前火车提速，公路和航空运输将面临更好(betterservice)的竞争。答案：B9.Thoughhestartedlate，Mr.Guoplayedthepianoaswellas，if_，MissLiu.A.notbetterthanB.notbetterC.nobetterthanD.better解析：句中完整结构为ifhedidnotplaybetterthan.。答案：A,10.Doyouneedanyhelp，Lucy?Yes.Thejobis_Icoulddomyself.A.lessthanB.morethanC.nomorethanD.notmorethan解析：morethan远远超过。答案：B11.Werehappythatourpredictionsshouldbesoaccurate，whichis_fromexpectation.A.awayB.freeC.farD.empty解析：farfrom意为“远非、远远不够”。答案：C,12._，thegirldidntseemabletodoanythingright.A.ExhaustedB.ExhaustedlyC.TobeexhaustedD.Beingexhaustedly解析：过去分词作状语表动作的被动和完成。答案：A13.Ifyourefreetonight，Idliketoinviteyoutoamovie.Thatsniceofyou，butareyou_？A.honestB.carefulC.seriousD.true解析：serious指“严肃的”。答案：C,14.Excitedbythenews，Marielayinbedwithhereyes_openwhileallherfamilywere_asleep.A.widely；soundlyB.wide；s