高中动名词 的用法(1)PPT幻灯片

1,动名词,English,2,1构成,2功能,3时态,4语态,5复合结构,6名词化,动名词,3,一、动名词及动名词短语的构成,1.构成方式：,2.否定式：,not+动名词(doing)的各种形式,4,3.动名词的复合结构：动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语，作为该动词所表示的的发出者。如：theircoming,my(me)makingasuggestion,hisdaughtersstayinguplatewindowbeingopen,5,二、动名词的句法功能,（一）动名词作主语（二）动名词作宾语（三）动名词作表语（四）动名词作定语,6,（一）动名词作主语,动名词作主语多表示抽象的、一般性的动作。Swimminghasitsadvantage.Talkingmendsnoholes.空谈无济于事。Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.Thereisnottellingwhatwillhappen.无法预料会发生什么事。,7,1.名词作主语，有时句中使用形式主语it而将真正主语（动名词）放到句尾。常用的结构有：Itis+n.+doing.Itis+adj.+doingThereis(was)nodoing(=Itispossibletodo).,Itisnousewritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.,注意,8,适用于以上结构的名词（短语）有：nouse,nogood,fun,awaste(oftime),agreatpleasure,等形容词有：useless,nice,good,interesting,worthwhile,foolish,dangerous等。如：,Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.Itisawasteoftime(worthwhile)discussingsuchmatters.,9,1.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostBLostCLosingDtolose,10,（二）动名词作宾语,动名词（短语）作宾语包括作谓语动词的宾语和作介词的宾语两个概念。,作介词的宾语。sheleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.Heinsistedonwatchingthefootballgame.Theysucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.Theyallobjectedtoputtingthemeetingoff.,11,注意,在一些动名词（短语）作介词in的宾语的结构中，介词in可以省略。这些结构有：1.difficultytroubleS+have+problem+(in)doing.agood/hardtimefun2.Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.3.bebusyS+losetime+(in)doing.wastetime4.S+spendtime/money(in)doingsth.,12,2.与动词不定式相似，动名词作宾语也是由一些及物动词专门要求的。常要求作宾语的动词有：admit承认，anticipate预料，appreciate感谢，avoid，canthelp禁不住，consider思考，delay耽搁，deny否认，dislike，dread惧怕，enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy想象，finish,forbid禁止,forgive,imagine,pardon,permit,postpone延迟,practice,prevent预防,propose提议，recollect回忆，resent怨恨，resist,risk冒险,save,suggest建议，understand等。,13,注意,在带有宾补的结构中，往往用it作形式宾语而将真正宾语（动名词）放在句尾。,Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Wefoundituselessdiscussingitagain.Idontthinkitworthwhiledoingitrightnow.,thinkconsideruselessS+find+nouse+doingfeellikenogoodetc.,14,2.Ourmonitorsuggested_adiscussionofthissubject.AtohaveBshouldhaveChaveDhaving3.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well，nowIregret_that.AtodoBtobedoingCtohavedoneDhavingdone,15,5、Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgardenAvisitBpayavisitCwalkinDwalkingin6.TheletterthatIwaslookingforwardto_atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.beingcome7.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook？-Oh，excellentItsworth_asecondtimeAtoreadBtobereadCreadingDbeingread,16,（三）动名词作表语,动名词(短语)作表语用来表示主语的内容。Herjobisnursingpatients.Myfavoritesummersportisswimming.,17,（四）动名词作定语,动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，表示所修饰的名词的功能、作用。Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.Mr.Wangsuffersfrominsomnia(失眠),hehastotakeasleepingtabletsbeforegoingtobed.Heistoooldandhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick.,18,三、动名词的时态,(一)、一般式(doing)(二)、完成式(havingdone),19,(一)、一般式(doing),动名词一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。,Byreviewingtheold,youcanlearnsomethingnew.Somepeopleareinterestedinsinging.Childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon.,某些动词后，动名词所表示的动作虽然发生在谓语动作之前，但仍用动名词的一般式。Idontremembereverseeingheranywhere.Hementionedmeetingthegovernoratthereception.,20,(二)、完成式(havingdone),动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生。Iregrethavingbeenunabletowriteyouearlier.Hedeniedhavingtakenanymoneyfromthecashregister.Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise.Wehavenoideasoftheirhavingdonesuchathing.,21,四、动名词的被动语态,（一）一般式（beingdone)（二）完成式（havingbeendone),22,（一）一般式（beingdone),当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是该动作的对象（即动名词所表示的动作与逻辑主语有动宾关系）时，动名词一般要用被动式。,Hecameinwithoutbeingasked.Idontmindbeinglefthomeallbymyself.Hedislikedbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment.Tomavoidedbeingpunishedbecauseofhisfathersabsence.Beforebeingused,thecomputershouldbetested.,23,注意,在want,need,deserve,require等动词及形容词worth后，总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobe+过去分词”。,Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Thehousewantscleaning.Thewaydeservesmentioning.这个方法值得一提。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully.TheSelectedPoemsiswellworthreading.,24,（二）完成式（havingbeendone),如果动名词所表示的被动动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动式。但大多数情况下都避免使用这种完成被动式，而用一般被动式代替，以免句子显得累赘。,Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivingsuchabook.Withouthavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,hefeltsad.,25,1.Whileshopping，peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneedAtopersuadeBpersuadingCbeingpersuadedDbepersuaded2:Tonywasveryunhappyfor_tothepartyAhavingnotbeeninvitedBnothavinginvitedChavingnotinvitedDnothavingbeeninvited,26,五、动名词的复合结构,动名词具有动词的特征，因此它可有自己的逻辑主语。如果需要指出动名词动作的发出者，可在动名词前加一物主代词、名词所有格、名词或人称代词宾格来修饰，表示动名词逻辑上的主语这样就构成了动名词的复合结构。,Doyoumindmy(me)makingasuggestion?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Mydaughtersstayingupsolateworriedme.Iknownothingaboutthewindowbeingopen.Areyoudisappointedattherenotbeingmoregifts?Shewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.,27,1.Sheapologisedtomefor_toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hernotbeingableB.herbeingnotableC.notbeingableD.thatshesnotableto2.Ireallyappreciate(感激)_helptome,butIamsurethatIcanmanagebymyself.A.youtoofferB.thatyouofferC.yourofferingD.thatyouareoffering3.Itwasimpoliteofhim_without_good-bye.A.toleave;sayingB.leaving;tosayC.toleave;tosayD.leaving;saying,28,4.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceanwithin15days.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed5.Thecompetitorneverdreamedof_forhimtowinthefirstprizeinthe100-metrerace.A.therewasachanceB.therebeingachanceC.itbeingachanceD.itwasachance6._madeherparentsworriedalot.A.HernottocomebackB.NothertocomebackC.NothercomingbackD.Hernotcomingback,29,六、名词性动名词,有时一个动名词既不带宾语、状语也没有完成时态和被动语态，失去了动词的特征而更多地具有了名词的特点，如动名词前可加不定冠词“a”,词后加表示复数的“s”，可被形容词修饰。这种动名词称为名词性动名词。,Theyaregivingtheroomagoodcleaning.Histeachingstillexert（施加）astronginfluence.Thebuildingofsocialismrequiresourconcertedefforts.建设社会主义需要我们齐心协力。,30,Markoftenattemptstoescape_wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tohavebeenfinedC.tobefinedD.beingfinedHegivespeopletheimpression_manypoems.A.ofhavingwrittenB.tohavewrittenC.ofbeingwrittenD.towrite3.Thethieftookawaythewomanswalletwithout_.A.beingseenB.seeingC.himseeingD.seeinghim4.Peopleappreciate_withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.A.toworkB.tohaveworkedC.workingD.haveworking5.Iveenjoyed_totalkwithyou.A.tobeableB.beingableC.tobeenableD.ofbeingable,31,6.Noonecanavoid_byadvertisements.A.tobeinfluencedB.beinginfluencedC.influencingD.havinginfluence7.Theyareconsidering_beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse8.Hethoughtthat_.A.theeffortdoingthejobwasnotworthB.theeffortwasnotworthindoingthejobC.itwasnotworththeeffortdoingthejobD.itwasnotworththeeffortbydoingthejob9.IfIhadremembered_thedoor,thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen.A.tolockB.lockingC.tohavelockedD.havinglocked10.Yourshirtneeds_.Youdbetterhaveitdonetoday.A.iron（熨烫）B.toironC.ironingD.beingironed,32,11.Youcanthelp_commercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.A.tohearB.tobeheardC.hearingD.withhearing12.Itisdifficulttogetused_inatent（帐篷）afterhavingasoft,comfortablebedtolieon.A.sleepB.tosleepingC.sleptD.tosleep13.Itisnouse_menottoworry.A.youtellB.yourtellingC.foryoutohavetoldD.havingtold14.Heisverybusy_hispapers.Heisfartoobusy_callers.A.towrite.toreceiveB.writing.toreceiveC.writing.receivingD.towrite.forreceiving15.Thesuspect（嫌疑犯）atlastadmitted_stolengoodsbutdenied_them.A.receiving.sellingB.toreceive.tosellC.toreceiving.tosellingD.tohavereceived.tohavesold,33,16.Sheapologizedfor_tocome.A.hernotbeingableB.herbeingnotableC.notbeingableD.thatshesnotableto17.Johnregretted_tothemeetinglastweek.A.notgoingB.nottogoC.nothavingbeengoingD.nottobegoing18.Pleasestop_,boys,Ihaves