非谓语动词的句子成分与表现形式

非谓语动词的,句子成分与表现形式,种类,todo,doing,done,一般式,进行式,被动式,完成式,完成被动式,完成进行式,todo,tobedoing,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,doing,-,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,havingbeendoing,-,-,-,done,beingdone,havingbeendone,变化形式,非谓语动词短语的共同特征:,a)Not的位置:在相应的形式最前面.b)句法功能：相当于动词、形容词、副词、名词c)有自己相应的成分:宾语或状语或定语.,doing,done,todo,Subject(n.)主语,doing(动名词)beingdone形式主语it,Predictive(a./n.)表语,1)doing(形容词)2)doing(动名词)3)beingdone(动名词),1)todo2)tobedone3)形式主语it,1)done(v.t)2)done(v.i)3)done(形容词),有例外,常用:1)todo2)tobedone,用法,类别,doing,done,todo,Object(n.)宾语,动名词1)doing2)beingdone3)having(been)done4)形式宾语it,1)todo2)tobedone3)形式宾语it,ObjectComplement(a.)宾补主补,1)doing(分词)2)doing(a.)3)beingdone(分词被动式)4)无完成体,1)done(分词)2)done(a.)3)beingdone(分词进行式)4)无完成体,1)todo2)tobedone3)do(省略to)4)tohave(been)done(非人称转述结构),用法,类别,doing,done,todo,Attributive(a./n.)定语,1)doing(a.)2)doing(n.)3)doing(分词)4)beingdone(分词被动式)5)无完成体(用定语从句),1)done(vt分词)1)done(vi分词)2)done(a.)3)beingdone(分词进行式)4)无完成体,1)todo2)tobedone,用法,类别,doing,done,todo,Adverbial(adv)状语,1)doing(分词)2)beingdone(a.方式/原因)3)beingdone(分词被动式)4)havingdone5)havingbeendoing6)havingbeendone(=done),1)done(v.t)2)done(a.)3)beingdone(a.方式/原因)4)beingdone(v.t或表进行)5)havingbeendone(v.t)(=done),1)todo2)tobedone3)tobedoing4)tohavedone5)tohavebeendone(v.t),用法,类别,doing,done,todo,1)doing(分词)2)doing(a.)3)beingdone(分词被动式)4)havingdone5)havingbeendone(v.t),1)done(分词)2)done(a.)3)beingdone(分词进行式)4)havingbeendone(v.t),1)todo2)tobedone,with复合结构(勿与介宾结构混淆),用法,类别,doing,done,todo,用法,类别,独立主格结构,1)todo2)tobedone,1)doing(分词)2)doing(a.)3)beingdone(分词被动式)4)havingdone5)havingbeendone(v.t),1)done(分词)2)done(a.)3)beingdone(分词进行式)4)havingbeendone(v.t),种类,todo,doing,done,主语,表语,宾语,宾补,定语,状语,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,句子意思,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,havingbeendoing,句子成分,非谓语动词主动与被动形式的判断依据,主语,主语,宾语,所修饰名词,主语,主补,主语,非谓语动词作状语,与状语从句的替换条件,1)时间状语when/while/until+doing/donebefore(prep)+doing/beingdoneafter(prep)+doing/beingdone/havingdone/havingbeendoneas+doing/done(用完整句子表达),2)原因状语because/since/as/nowthat/for+doing/done/having(been)done/tohave(been)done(用完整句子表达),3)方式伴随状语doing/done/beingdonehaving(been)done/todo/tobedone,6)让步状语although/though/eventhough/evenif/wh-ever+doing/done/having(been)done,5)结果状语doing/done/(only)todohaving/tohave(been)done,4)目的状语doing/donetodotohave(been)doneinorderthat/sothat+句子,8)比较状语as/than+(be)+doneas/than+(sb/sthbe)+done.as/thanplanned/thought/imagined/expected/supposed/believed.,7)条件状语if/unless/once+doing/done/having(been)doneaslongas/provided+doing/done(用完整句子表达),非谓语动词,用作插入语,franklyspeaking坦白地说honestlyspeaking说实话judgingfrom/by根据判断speakingof/talkingof谈到generallyspeaking一般地说strictlyspeaking严格地说exactlyspeaking准确地说takingallthingsintoconsideration=takingeverythingintoconsideration就各方面而言全面看来全盘考虑=takingallthingsintoaccount=takingeverythingintoaccount,1）doing现在分词,2)done过去分词,allthingsconsidered就各方面而言全面看来=everythingconsidered=takingeverything/allthingsintoconsideration,3)todo不定式,tobehonest说实话totell(you)thetruth说实话tostartwith/beginwith首先第一toconclude总而言之总之tosumup总而言之综上所述tomakethematter/itworse更糟糕的是tobeexact确切地说tobebrief简言之,看似非谓语动词,实则为介词,或连词,doing形式用作介词或连词,1)介词类considering考虑到顾及following在之后including包括concerning关于regarding对于至于就