英语句子成分90182.ppt

什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？！,Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!,英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型.,句子包括哪些成分？,Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.,Practice,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首,Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Fishingisallowed.（动名词）,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.,名词化的形容词,1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.,V.不能做主语！,找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.,主语小测,单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They,谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。,Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.,Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?,简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成,Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Dontlaughatothers!Dontcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形,找出下列句子的谓语,Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveeggsfortheirbreakfast?,Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?,按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Dontgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）,主谓小测,祈使句,省略主语you,1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone,单选：,Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是的,形式主语,真正的主语,tofinish,3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good,祈使句，谓语动词用原形,动名词做主语,感官动词+adj.,宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。,IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,Heisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后面的宾语：介宾注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she,Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：双宾,IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.,形式宾语,真正宾语,Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?,找出下列句子的宾语,5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.,表语：,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.,除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。,become,get,grow,turn,go,等,remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用,Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.,挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度,Hediditcarefully.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,Theblackbikeismine.Whatsyourname?Abrokenvase.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.Theymadepaperflowers.TheboyintheroomisJack.Ihavesomethingtodo.Itisaswimmingpool.,有哪几种常见的句型结构？,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一：（主谓）二：（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）,.简单句,1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedontbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.,Practice,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,基本句型一：（主谓）,主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，,如：Wecome.,（不及物动词）,1.Tomgetsup.2.Whathappened?3.Itdoesnotmatter.4.Theytalked.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型二：（主系表）,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,系动词分两类：be,look,keep,seem等，表情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表变化。,感官动词多可用作连系动词：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，smellbad/难闻,（是系动词）（表语）,1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thefoodsmellsgood.3.Everythinglooksdifferent.4.Heistallandstrong.5.Hisfaceturnedred.,基本句型三：（主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,（及物动词）（宾语）,1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Isawafilmyesterday.3.Heenjoysreading.4.HesaidGoodmorning.5.Heknowswhatheshoulddo.,基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：give/buy/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Gi