专四写作技巧之五命题作文和常见错误.ppt

WritingofTEM-4,常见语言失误类型,词的属性句子的结构时态、语态、语气、情态句子连接平衡结构,(1)Someonethinksthattheopportunityisveryfewforhimbecausehehasnevermeetthechance.(2)Butotheronethinkstherearechanceshereandthere,theneveryonecanmeetopportunity.(3)Iresistthesecondopinion.(4)Therearesomeopportunities,theimportantthingisthatifwecouldcatchthechancewhenwemeetit.(5)Inourliveswehavealotofchoicethatneedustakeourheartto.(6)Forexample,whenIwasalittleboy,myhealthwasverybad.(7)Onedayateacheradvisemetojointhebasketballteamwithmyfriends.(8)Myhealthbecomewell.(9)SoIthinkthereareopportunitiesforeveryone.,命题作文写作模式,比较选择类意义、重要性、危害性说明类观点论证类现象解释类提出建议、解决问题类,命题作文写作模式,A.比较选择类：A1.比较两种事物的优缺点并标明倾向A2.比较两种做法的利弊并标明倾向A3.对一事物或做法的利弊说明,比较两种事物的优缺点并标明倾向,TelevisionasaBetterSourceofEntertainmentABalancedDiet:ABetterWaytoStayHealthyBorrowingBooksOutweighsBuyingBooks,结构模式,A1,B1;A2,B2,语言模式,Betweenthetwo:AandB,IholdthatAisbetterMybeliefthatAisbetterthanBisbasedonthefollowingtworeasons.ThefirstreasonisthatAcan.WhileBcanonly.ThesecondreasonisthatAcan.ButBcanonly.Forthereasonsmentionedabove,wecaneasilydrawtheconclusionthatAoutweighsBasanimportantC.,比较两种做法的利弊并标明倾向,WheretoLive:InaCityorintheCountry?WheretoEat:InaRestaurantoratHome?WhethertoFurtherStudyortoFindaJobSoonafterGraduation?,结构模式,引言：事实引出A,B,说明两者有利有弊。正文：赞成A的理由概括加拓展；赞成B的理由概括加拓展；AB各有弊端。结论,语言模式,Astothequestion:whereshouldweAorB,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Actually,bothAandBhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.ManypeopleappreciatetheconvenienceofA.ButBisalsoattractive.BothAandB,however,havetheirowndisadvantages.AsfarasIamconcerned,IlikeA/B.So,giventhechance,IwouldpreferA/BtoB/A.,Exercise,Directions:EveryJulyisthetimeforgraduatestodecidewhethertofurtherstudyortofindajob.Somestudentstakepartingraduateentranceexamination,butotherswanttoworkassoonastheygraduate.Supposeyouweretograduate,whichonedoyouprefer?,WhichtoChoose:toFurtherStudyortoFindaJobafterGraduation?Actually,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsastothequestion,becausebothhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Manypeopleappreciatethebrightfutureamastersdegreemaybringtothem.Butapromisingjobaftercollegegraduationisalsoattractive.However,bothofthemhavetheirownproblems.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwanttobemoreknowledgeableandcapablethroughpostgraduatestudy.So,givenmeachance,Iwouldchoosetofurtherstudyingraduateschool.,对一事物或做法的利弊说明,TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTakingaPart-TimeJobOnOnlineShoppingOntheWideningofCollegeEnrollment,结构模式,引言：说明A引起的争议正文：详写利弊的一端，或利或弊结论：标明自己的观点,语言模式,“Acoinhastwosides.”ItisthesamecaseforA.Ahasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thoughsomepeoplearguethat,IinsistthatitsMydecisionthatmostlyliesinthefollowing.One.AnotherreasonformypreferenceforAis.Finally,AOnthewhole,Acanbesaidablessingandacurse.Butfairlyspeaking,everyoneshouldadmitthatthemeritsofAoutweighthetroublesitbringstous,which,afterall,isaproblemofhowto,B.意义、重要性、危害性说明类,TheImportanceofExtracurricularActivitiesTheHarmsofCollegeStudentsRentingandLivingOutTravelBroadensOurMind,结构模式,引言：引出要说明的事物，明确自己对这一事物的态度。正文：承接首段观点：分主题一+拓展观点分主题二+拓展观点结论：重要性+建议或展望/危险性+警示/有利性+建议,语言模式,Aplaysaveryimportantrolein(Ashouldbebanned.)TheimportanceofAliesinthefollowingaspects.Firstly,Secondly,(ThegrateharmsAmaybringtoourlifelieinthefollowingaspects.)Fromwhatarediscussedabove,wecannaturallydrawtheconclusionthatAisessentialtoTherefore,weshould(Fromwhatarediscussedabove,wecan.Therefore,itshouldbeprohibited.),TheHarmsofCollegeStudentsRentingandLivingOutThereisapopulartendencythatcollegestudentsliveinrentedhouses,enjoyingtheirfreedom.Nomatterhowpopularitisnowadays,however,Iholdadisapprovingopiniontosuchabehavior.Moneyisthefirstandthemostimportantreasonformetosay“no”tothispractice.ThesecondreasonformydisapprovalisthatlivingoutofcampusandseparatingfromyourclassmateswouldbringaboutmuchcommunicationinconvenienceandconsequentlyleadtolittlesenseofbelongingtoyourclassWhenstudentstalkaboutrentinghousesoutofcampus,romanticscenesbubble.Butthinkingaboutthereallife,shouldweallhavetoberealisticenough?,C.观点论证类,DoYouAgreewith“Euthanasia”?IsThriftNecessaryinModernSociety?Whatsyouropinionaboutreducingchildrensexcessiveassignment?,结构模式,Partone:引出主题；引出相反观点；顺承别人观点表明同意Parttwo:承接首段观点，对本段内容加以限制；不同观点+解释、说明Partthree:总结观点,语言模式,Somepeoplesuggest/hold/claim/believe/insistthatIagree/disagreewiththisopinionbecauseforthefollowingtwo/threereasons.Firstly,Secondly,Lastbutnotleast,Tosumup,Ihaveoutlinedtheadvantages/disadvantagesofIbelievethat,Exercise,MyViewonMan-MadeBeauty,TheChinesetraditionalsay“clothesmakeaperson”reflectstheimportanceof“appearance”.Nowadays,suchabeliefhasitsnewcontent.Manypeople,especiallyyounggirlsorladies,arenotcontentwithgettingmorebeautifulbyclothes.Theyturntoamorechallengingpracticeofphysiologicalreform.Idontthinkthisman-madebeautypracticeshouldbeadvocated.firstly,onesappearanceisGodsblessing,andhasbeenonepartofourlife.Secondly,theadvocatingforsuchapracticewillmisleadpeopleinthejudgmentoftruebeauty.Concerningtheabovepossibleharmsthepracticemaybringabout,wearestronglyagainstitandadvocateseekingtrueandnaturalbeauty.,D.现象解释类,WhyCollegeStudentsHaveDifficultyinFindingJobs?TheReasonsfortheYoungChildrensCrimes,结构模式,Partone:通过数据展示和现象描述，提出问题可能的原因Parttwo:承接首段观点，分层次说明现象的原因Partthree:结论+简要建议,语言模式,Asisclearlyshownbythetable/chart,obviouslythereisagreatrisein,whilethereisagreatfallingin./Accordingtotherecentsurvey,Therearethreereasonsforthistendency/phenomenon.(Severalfactorscontributetothe)OneisthatAnotherimportantreasonliesinthefactthatWhatsmore,Tothetendency/phenomenon,Isuggest/think(Inaword,ifthereiscertaintobe),Exercise,WhyDoCollegeStudentsHaveDifficultyinFindingJobs?,Inrecentyearscollegestudentsarefacinggreaterchallengeinjobmarket.Toavoidsuchanembarrassment,manystudentschoosetofurthertheirstudytowaitforanotherthreeyearsforapossiblejobopportunity.Thereasonsfortheemploymentdifficultylieinthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstly,theenlargedcollegeenrollmentsuppliesmorethanenoughgraduateswithacertainspecialty.Secondly,job-findingdifficultyalsocomesfromthecurriculadesignofmanycolleges.Thirdly,Ibelievethedifficultiesalsocomefromgraduatesthemselves.Takingallthesereasonsintoaccount,wedliketosuggestthatthegovernmentshouldhaveamicro-managementincollegeenrollmentandmajordesign,andstudentsshouldhaveabroaderandmorereasonableviewoncareers.,E.提出建议、解决问题类,OneWaytoSolvethePro