设备安全防护教育训练课件

,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,机械设备防护装置,DepartmentforAdministrativeandInformationServicesWorkplaceServicesPreparedby:M.SallehIbrahimMSEDepartmentofB.ITech.,目录,危险确认风险评估防护照类型防护照设计其他调节装置,车间存在的主要危险,运转的机器是最危险的,/的车间灾祸和/的车间工伤和机械设备有关,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,爆炸发生的情况包括以下几部分：操作的时候检测的时候加润滑油的时候维修的时候这些危险必须要排除,或者不能全排除的地方要尽量降到最低,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,危险确认,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,危险确认,aHazard：可能引发伤亡的危险事物aRisk：引发伤亡的可能性,伤亡的严重性你发现机械设备上哪些部分会导致危险？,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,认出这些危险,危险区域,最典型的,机器上的下面个部分是很危险的,可能会危险到靠近机器的人员:,1.移动或者传输能量的部分2.正在工作的部分,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,皮带&滑轮调速轮&齿轮主轴凸轮链条&链齿轮,危险区域,1.移动或者传输能量的部分,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,使用工具&模具刀片切割机锯钻孔机and卡盘辊子,危险区域,2.正在工作的部分,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,要确定机器上的危险部分请看以下几点,剪切点紧缩区域冲击和压淬区域缠绕区域刺入点切断区域磨损区域飞扬的颗粒突出部分,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,认出这些危险,机器设备的接触或者卷入陷入机器和固定物之间与运动的物质接触被机器里的物质喷出来而碰到内部能量的释放,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,防护装置能控制的危险包括:,风险评估,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,评定以下风险,一旦你确定了这些危险区域(hazards),你应当估定这些危险(引发伤亡的可能性,而且伤亡的严重性).通过防护措施控制这些危险或者通过别的有效方式完善如下制表确定每种认定危险的危险级别,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,危险性图表,如果你记下了1或2，现在就行动吧如果你记下了3或4，马上行动吧如果你记下了5或6，将来再复习这些危险点,EliminationSubstitutionIsolation4.EngineeringControls5.Administrativecontrols6.Personalprotectiveequipment,控制这些危险,SelectRiskControlmeasuresfromthehighestpossiblelevelofthefollowingHierarchy:,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,Makesuremachineguardsareinplace!,allguardsshouldbecorrectlyandsecurelyfittedBEFOREoperatingamachinemachineguardingisvitaltoeveryworkplaceusingmachineryguardsneednotbecomplicatednorinterferewithproductivity,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,TYPESOFGUARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,SelectingaGuard,Thereareanumberofdifferenttypesofguards,allsuitedtoparticularpurposes.Youmustconsiderwhichtypeofguardisbestsuitedforyourneeds.,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,FixedGuards,nomovingpartsprotectonlywhenfixedinpositionshouldbeeasytoremoveandreplaceareonlyopenedorremovedwithatoolsimple,lowmaintenance,oftenthecheapestformofguardingmayinterferewithproduction/maintenance,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,PedestalGrinderwithFixedandAdjustableGuards,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,InterlockGuards,havemoveablepartsthatareinterconnectedwiththecontrolsystemusuallyelectrical,mechanical,hydraulicorpneumaticinterconnectionsmachinerywillnotoperateunlessguardisclosedlesslikelytoslowproductiongenerallymoreexpensiveandrequiremorecheckingandmaintenance,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,InterlockedGuardonDoughDivider,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,AutomaticGuards,automaticallymovesintopositionasthemachine,orcycle,isstartedguardmovement/velocitymaycreateahazardonlysuitableforslowermachinecyclespushawayguardsself-adjustingguards,etc,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,SelfAdjustingGuard-RadialArmSaw,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,PushAwayGuard,permanentsimple,DistanceGuards,Afixedguardthatpreventsaccesstoadangerousareathroughabarrierorfence,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,FixedandInterlockedBarrierFenceGuard,Presence-sensingDevices,Detectthepresenceofaperson,orpartofaperson,inadefinedareaandpreventsthedangerouspartsofmachinerymovingwhiletheyareinthatarea,photo-electriclightcurtainsinfra-redscannerspressuremats,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,PresenceSensingLaserScanner,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,CombinationofGuards-ManualLoadingRobots,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,GUARDDESIGN,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,GuardDesign,theprimaryfunctionofaguardistoprovideaphysicalbarrierwhichpreventsaccesstodangerouspartsofamachinepoorlydesignedorinappropriateguardinghasoftencontributedtomachineryinjuries,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,designforeasyremovalandreplacement-makestaskssuchascleaning,machineadjustmentorbeltchangeseasier-particularlyifthisneedstobedoneregularlyguardscanonlyberemovedwiththeaidofatoolhingedguardsmustbeinterlockedguardmaterialmustbeofagoodqualitygooddesignwillaiddustandnoisereduction,GuardDesign,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,GuardErgonomics,Armreach850mm-underarmtofingertipElbowreach550mm-insideelbowtofingertipWristreach230mm-wristtotipofmiddlefingerVerticalreach2500mm-floortodangerpointFingerreach130mm,ReachMeasurements-designandpositionguardstorestrictaccesstodangerpointsasfollows:,*distancesincludeanallowanceforclearancefromdangerpoints,ReachMinimumDistanceAssumed,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,GuardPlacement,-15mm-120mm-200mm-1000mm,*distancefromundersideofguardtothefloorshallnotexceed250mm,Sizeofmeshorotheropeninginguard,lessthan9mm9to25mm25to40mmgreaterthan40mm,Minimumdistancebetweenguardanddangerpoint,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,UseofMeshforGuards,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,GUARDSFORCOMMONMACHINETYPES,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,cut-offsawsmillingmachinesfrictioncuttingboringequipment,ExposedRotationalCutting,Fixedandmovingguardsshouldbefittedwhereappropriate,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,BridgeGuard-WoodPlaner,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,TopGuard-RipSaw,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,RotatingShaftsandRollers,Fixedguardsarepreferredforrotatingshaftsandrollers,suchas:,*mustprotectagainstlooseclothingandlonghairbecomingcaughtinrotatingshafts,couplingsspindlesfan-shaftsironingrollers,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,Rollers,RollerHazard,RollerGuarding,Conveyors(BulkHandling),MainTypesbeltconveyorsscrewconveyorsbucketconveyors,allrequireguarding,usuallywithfixedguards,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,Onbeltconveyorsthemostimportantdangerpointsarethenippoints.,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,PowerPresses,TwoCategories:powerstampingpressesbrakepresses,*guardsshouldpreventaccesstothetrappingareaatalltimeswhenthepressisstroking,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,PowerStampingPress,fixedguardinterlockedpresencesensingdevicestwo-handedcontrolsusuallyacombinationoftheseisappropriate,Guardtypewilldependuponthejobandtheassociatedhazard,*itismandatorythatregularoperationalchecksandmaintenanceisconductedandrecorded,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,PowerStampingPressGuarding,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,BrakePress,generallypresencesensingdevices(eglightcurtains)areappropriate“deadman”typefootpedalactuatorforeachoperatorguardfrontandrear,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,BrakePressGuardingSystem,OTHERCONTROLS,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,OtherSafeguards,physicalguardingisnottheonlysafetyaspectofMachineGuardingothersafeguardsarerequiredtomaintainasafesystemofwork,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,allmachineryshouldbefittedwithameansofisolationfromallenergysources(exceptthoserequiredforsafetysystems)isolatorsshouldbeclearlyidentifiedandbecapableofbeinglockedifreconnectioncouldplacepersonsatrisk(duringmaintenance,repairs,etc),IsolationProcedures,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,LockOut/TagOutIsolationSystem,Anappropriateisolationmethodisalock-out/tag-outsystem,inwhichoneormorepadlocksarefittedtotheisolationswitch,aswellasdangertagswiththeexposedpersonsnamesonthem.,Isolation:Lock-out/tag-out,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,EmergencyStopControls,shallbeprominentandreadilyaccessiblefromalloperatorpositionscolouredredsuitablymarkedEmergencyStopButtonsshallbe“mushroomhead”latch-inorlock-inmanualresettypelanyards,tripwiresorsimilardevicesareacceptablerequireamanualresetbeforerestartingnottobeusedfornormalstoppingnottoberelieduponforisolationNOTanalternativetoguarding,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,AccessProvisions,machinerydesignshouldallowroutineadjustment,lubricationandmaintenancewithoutremovingguardsorextensivedismantlingofcomponentslubricationandroutinemaintenancefacilitiesshouldbeincorporatedoutsidethedangerareawhereverpractical,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,Traininginsafeworkingprocedures,guardingandhazardsofthemachinetheyoperatetrainingrecordsshallbekept,AdministrationSafeOperatingProceduresshutdownproceduresmaintenanceschedulesandrecords,PersonalProtectiveEquipmentusedifnotpossibletocompletelycontrolthehazardcheckfit,comfort,maintenance,correctuse&training,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,LegislativeFramework,MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,OccupationalHealth,SafetyandWelfareAct1986describeshowtoprovidehealthandsafetyinworkplacesandislawthatmustbefollowedOccupationalHealth,Safety&WelfareRegulations1995setoutthegeneralprinciples,providingpracticalstepstobefollowedinordertopreventinjuriesandillnessatworkandislawApprovedCodesofPracticeprovidepracticalguidancetomeetthelegalrequirementsoftheActandRegulationsandmustbefollowedunlessanequalorbettersolutionscanbeappliedAustralianStandardsprovidegeneralinformationtomeetoccupationalhealthandsafetyobligations-somemaybelistedintheRegulationsasApprovedCodesofPractice,AS:1219SAASafetyCodeforMetalWorkingPowerPressesAS:1473GuardingandSafeUseofWoodworkingMachineryAS:1755ConveyorsAS:1788AbrasiveWheels(Parts1&2)AS:1893CodeofPracticefortheGuardingandSafeUseofMetalandPaperCuttingGuillotinesAS:2294ProtectiveStructureforEarthmovingMachinesAS:3533AmusementRidesandDevices(Parts1&2),MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS,ApprovedCodesofPractice,AS4024.1“SafeguardingofmachineryGeneralprinciples”detailsgener