2020届高考英语二轮专题复习 语法十一、定语从句

2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法十一、定语从句诊断与对策.选择方框内的词填空1.For those _ study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement.2.The other was a very old and dilapidated one，_ had seen many years of service，but was now past its best.3.The police have moved into areas _ trouble is expected.4.There isnt a moment _ Im not thinking of you.5.I hate the way _ you never look at me when you speak to me.6.There must be a reason _ no one has replied to our message.单项填空1.The population of the village near sea，_，are making their efforts to develop economy of their own.A.nearly seventy percent of which depend on fishingB.of which nearly seventy percent depends on fishingC.nearly seventy percent of whom depends on fishingD.of whom nearly seventy percent depend on fishing解析句意为：海边附近的村民，他们中近70%靠捕鱼为生，正在努力发展自己的经济。population是定语从句的先行词，指“全体居民”。2.Where did you meet the famous actress?It was in the supermarket _we went shopping last Sunday.A.which B.that C.where D.there解析where引导定语从句，修饰supermarket，where在从句中作地点状语，实际上答语为省略句，补全为：It was in the supermarket where we went shopping last Sunday that I met the famous actress.。3._ is known，John studies in _ is considered the best school in the city.A.Which；which B.What；whatC.It；which D.As；what解析句意为：众所周知，约翰在被认为是本市最好的学校上学。第一空为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代表整个主句的意思；第二空为宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what。因此D项正确。4.She may have been caught in the heavy traffic，_ she wont arrive here by five oclock.A.in case B.in case ofC.in that case D.in which case解析句意为：她可能陷入交通堵塞了，那样的话，她就不能5点到达了。本题考查定语从句，故D项正确。如果变为并列句，则C项正确。5.Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived，many of _ even cried with joy.A.those B.them C.whom D.who解析本句既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故可判断逗号后为非限制性定语从句，故排除A、B两项；本句先行词为thousands of Haitians，代入定语从句后为：.many of the thousands of Haitians even cried with joy.，由此可知，该先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且指人，故用whom引导，答案为C项。备考策略1.注意知识积累，掌握基本句型。高考备考时，应加强对从句语法特征和语意特征的思考和学习，形成纯正的英语思维能力。注意相似句型的积累，比较其结构和意义。在平时的阅读过程中，遇到从句的时候，要停下来，考虑分析其功能和意义。2.分析句子成分，判断从句功能。遇到考查句法的题目时，要通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质，确定从句性质后，参考相关从句的用法特点，从而做出取舍；注意标点符号和并列连词的作用。3.掌握从句要点，选择合适的连接词。定语从句中的关系词要作成分，关系代词that，which，as通常作主语或宾语；whose作定语；关系副词where，when，why通常作状语。做题时，首先要分析从句成分，选择合适的连接词。考点与考题考点一“介词which/whom”中介词的确定1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.但像look for，look after等短语是不可拆开的，故不能将for，after等提前和关系代词连用一起引导定语从句。2.与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.3.“of which/whom”表示所属关系。Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which (whose price/of which the price) was very reasonable.4.“复杂介词which/whom”引导定语从句。They arrived at a farmhouse，in_front_of which sat an old man.5.通过句子的意思来判断。She was educated at Beijing University，after which she went on to have her advanced study abroad.6.关系副词可以改为“介词which”，其中介词要根据和先行词之间的关系来确定。He will always remember the day on which (on the day) his father returned from America.如句中是the year，则用in which (in the year)来引导定语从句。考题印证1.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _uses it somewhat differently.(2020;2020浙江，8)A.which B.what C.them D.those解析考查“不定代词ofwhich”引导的定语从句。which指代的是cultures。2.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction _had taken more than threeyears. (2020;2020江西，34)A.for which B.with whichC.of which D.to which解析考查“名词ofwhich”引导的定语从句。which指代的是the museum。3.There are 51 students in Class Three，_ failed in the test.A.all of which B.all of themC.none of whom D.none of them解析后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，应用whom引导；因为前后两句之间没有并列连词，所以B、D两项不对。4.We found some precious jars and vases in an ancient tomb，_ you know，are valuable.A.even the pieces of whichB.which even piecesC.even the pieces of themD.whose even the pieces解析句意为：我们在一座古墓中发现了一些珍贵的罐子和花瓶，你知道，甚至连碎片也很有价值。先行词为jars and vases，从句表述的是“甚至它们的碎片也是很有价值的”，答案只能选A项。C项应加连词and；D项应改为“even whose pieces”。5.People living on this island depend on tourism，_ development there wont be much work.A.without its B.without whoseC.by which D.without which解析tourism是先行词，定语从句中development缺少定语，所以用whose引导。由题意知，介词要用without，表示条件。考点二as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，也可在主句后，有时还可在主句中；which引导的从句只能放在主句后。2.as和which在从句中作宾语时可互换，作系动词或be动词的主语时也可互换，但作实义动词的主语时一般只用which。3.当主、从句在意义上前后自然连贯时，既可用as，也可用which；如果语义不一致或者从句具有转折含义时，则只能用which。4.当关系代词在从句中作宾语且有宾补时，一般用which。5.as一般只代表整句话的内容，而which既可代表整句话的内容，也可指代某一个词或词组。6.以下短语几乎已经成了一种固定搭配：as is often the case，as is known，as is hoped，as is supposed，as is natural，as is reported，as is announced，as has been said，as we know等。Which is announced in todays papers，all the schools will reopen on September 1st.(改错) WhichAs考题印证1.She has married again，_ was unexpected.A.as B.which C.that D.who解析关系代词在从句中作主语，代表整个主句的内容，且前后句之间语意不一致，故此时只能用which引导定语从句。2.The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.A.which B.that C.how D.as解析考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，且先行词为整个主句的内容。which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面，不能插在主句当中，故A项错误。3.Theyve won their last three matches，_ I find a bit surprising.A.that B.when C.as D.which解析填入的关系代词在定语从句中作find的宾语，且宾语后有补足语(a bit surprising)，故此时只能用which引导定语从句，不用as。4.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，_，of course，made all the others upset.(2020;2020北京，26)A.who B.whichC.what D.that解析which引导定语从句，且作实义动词的主语，其先行词为整个主句的内容。考点三定语从句与其他语法项目的区分1.和地点状语从句的区分：定语从句前有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句中的where根据需要可用“介词which”来代替，而在状语从句中不可。2.和结果状语从句的区分：关键是要看such后的名词在从句里是否作成分，如果作成分便是定语从句，由as引导；如果不作成分则为结果状语从句，由that引导。1.Rice doesnt grow well in which there is not enough water.(改错) in whichwhere2.It is on the morning of May 1st when I met Mr.Liang at the airport.(改错) whenthat考题印证1.I will put the book _ you placed it and make a mark at the place _ I put it.A.where；at which B.at which；at whichC.where；which D.at which；where解析第一空前没有先行词，故此处是一地点状语从句，用where引导；第二空前有先行词，此处是定语从句，用where或at which引导。2.It is such a good place _ everybody wants to go and visit _ it is wellknown all over the world.A.that；that B.as；asC.as；that D.that；as解析visit是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，应该由所填的连词来充当，故第一个从句为定语从句，用as引导；第二个从句不缺少成分，因此是结果状语从句，由that引导。考点四关于定语从句应注意的几个特殊问题1.关系副词where，when有时可用作关系代词。He climbed up to the top of the temple，from where he could see nothing but trees.他爬到寺庙顶上，从那里他只看到了树。2.当先行词为case，point，situation，condition等，且从句中不缺少主要成分时，用where引导定语从句。3.下面三句意思相同：There are 20 people in the bus，most of whom are boys.(定语从句)There are 20 people in the bus，most of them boys.(独立主格结构)There are 20 people in the bus and most of them are boys.(并列句)4.下面三句意思相同，但句式不同：As is known to us all，the earth goes around the sun.(定语从句)What is known to us all is that the earth goes around the sun.(主语从句，表语从句)It is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.(主语从句)5.“one of复数名词关系代词”跟谓语动词的复数形式；“the (only，very，best) one of复数名词关系代词”跟谓语动词的单数形式。6.which多指事物，有时也可指人，这时着重指该人的品质、地位、身份，而不是指“人”本身。Mr.Li has three daughters，but none of whom is a dancer.(改错) 去掉but/whomthem考题印证1.The book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when B.during whichC.since then D.since when解析从句中用了现在完成时，since可和现在完成时连用；since when引导定语从句，when为关系代词。2.Improper grammar will put students in a situation _ it will be difficult for them to understand the ideas the author tries to convey.A.that B.when C.which D.where解析situation表示处所、情形，且从句中不缺少句子成分，在这种情形下用where引导定语从句。3.So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders，_ dying soon after birth.A.many of which B.many of whomC.many of them D.many of that解析由后面的dying可知这里不是完整的句子(没有谓语动词)，故不能选A或B构成定语从句，此处考查独立主格结构。4.One of the boys who _ my friends _ very good at English.A.is；are B.are；isC.is；is D.are；are解析在结构“one of复数名词关系代词”中，关系代词指代的是前面的复数名词，故第一空用复数谓语动词；第二个空的主语是one of the boys，是单数概念，故动词用单数。5.Her sister has become a lawyer，_ she wants to be.A.who B.that C.what D.which解析句中先行词a lawyer在此指一个人的职业，并非指“人”本身，故关系词用which，而不用who。题点与题组命题点一“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1.A good friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.when D.which解析from when I was born“从我出生起”，其中when在此是关系代词。2.The newlybuilt caf，the walls of_are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. (2020;2020江苏，32)A.that B.it C.what D.which解析句意为：墙壁被粉刷成为淡绿色的那个新建的咖啡馆对我们来说确实是一个宁静的地方，尤其是辛苦工作之后。此处构成“then.ofwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代caf。3.Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of _ she spoke fluently. (2020;2020湖南，25)A.who B.whom C.which D.that解析考查“不定代词ofwhich”引导的定语从句。which指代前面的三门语言。4.Human facial expressions differ from those of apes and monkeys in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A.with which B.to whichC.of which D.for which解析句意为：人类的面部表情不同于猩猩和猴子是因为人类在一定程度上能够有意识地控制自己的面部表情。to.degree意为“在程度上”。此题中，先行词是degree，定语从句中缺少的是to.degree，所以用to which来引导。5.At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_ he got a good opportunity for further development.A.after that B.after whichC.after it D.after this解析after which意为after he received a training cou