英语语法专题-----句子成分和基本句型

英语语法专题句子成分和基本句型,Grammar,名词、形容词、数词、代词、动词、副词在句中独立承担成分，我们称之为实词。介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独立担任部分，只起辅助的作用，我们称之为虚词。,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,补语,表语,句子的成分,died.,Mycatdied.,主语句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。,Hewasborninasmallvillage.,代词,Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.,名词,Theoldmantoldusastory.,名词或短语,Monkeyeatsbananas.Itismybook.Oneand(plus)oneistwo.Hardworkingleadstosuccess.Tofinishhomeworkisamusttostudent.Whatmakestheteacherangryisthatheistalkinginclassagain.,名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句,Mr.Green,Mr.Greendiedyesterday.,谓语说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什么、是什么、怎么样等，由动词或动词短语构成.,Hearrived.Ilikeapples.itgetscold,不及物动词,及物动词,系表结构,系动词(额外补充)亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。,HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.,表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等,HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.ThereasonisthatIstayeduplastnight.,名词或短语,形容词,句子,Ilike,Ilikeswimming,宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。,Ilikeapples.Hegavemeabook.HelikestoplaybasketballWethinkpredictingthefutureishard.,名词,代词,名短,不定式,句子,宾语补足语（宾补）,有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。Healwaysmakesus_.,happy,定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后,Whatalovelyday!Ihavealotofworktodo.Thisiaaswimmingpool.Therearetwobutterflies.Iknowthegirlunderthetree.Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.,形容词,动词不定式,动词-ing,数词,介词短语,从句,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：,Hearrivedyesterday.IhaveafriendinAmerica.IlikedreadingstorybookswhenIwasachild.,时间副词,地点介短,句子,practice,1.Heisangry.2.Janeisgoinghomefromschool.3.Themaniswearingablackjacket.4.Thetextisverydifficult.5.Isawhimreadinginthesun.6.Sheputthedishesonthetable.,7.Wefoundtheexerciseeasy.8.Thoughitwasrainingheavily,westillwenttoschool.9.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.10.Helentmethebike.11.WegotoBritainonceayear.12.Lookattheblackboard.,13.Themanwithasmileismyteacher.14.Thefoodontheplatewentbad.16.Hisjobistoprotecttheinnocent.17.Youmustntgooutnow.18.Iusedtogotoworkonfoot.19.Mysisterlooksbeautiful.20.Therearemanywomenteachersinourschool.,1.主语+系(link-v.)+表语2.主语+谓语3.主语+谓语+宾语4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,五种基本句型,1.主语+系(link-v.)+表语,HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.,2.主语+谓语(vi.),Hearrived.Hearrivedyesterday.Hecameback.,3.主语+谓语（vt./vi+介词)+宾语,Ilikeapples.Sheoftenlistenstomusic.HearrivedatKunmingyesterday,4.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语,Hegavemeabook.Theoldmantoldusastory.Motherboughtmeanewwatch.,5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,Heencouragedmetostudyhard.ShesawtheboysinginginclassroomTomaskedLilytohelphim.,巩固练习：,判断下列句子属于哪种句型1.Theyworkhard.2.Theflowerisdead.3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.,5.Thecaketastesdelicious.6.Classesbe