高考英语阅读理解专题复习指导教案

高考英语阅读理解特别复习指导教学计划一、英语考试大纲要求理解主题和要旨。2、理解课文的具体信息。3，根据上下文推断生词的意思。4、做简单的判断和推论。5、理解文章的基本结构。6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。二、阅读理解命题分类1、基调效果2、事实细节3、语义推测4、推理判断三、事实细节类型(a)，实际上解决详细问题的要领1、文章的中心是论点，事实上的细节是论据或主要原因；有关细节的问题往往会问文章中的一个单词、一个句子、一段等细节和事实，提出的问题一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案。2、要忠实于原文的语境和前篇的逻辑关系，绝对不能主观臆测。3、一般问题格式1)which of the following is true(not true)according to the information in the passage？2)which of the following is mentined in the passage？3)the author mentions all the following exception _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。4) in the passage，the author States that _ _ _ _ _。5)引导至when、where、who、what、how、why、howmany/much等词语的疑问句。4，是问题Example 1 (08 zhe E).One day，I told my mother Id changed my mind。I did nt want to make a success in the magazine business。 if you think you can change your mind like this， she repied， you will become a good-for-nothing . “she insisted that，as soon as school was over，I should start ringing door bells，selling magazines . whenever I said no，she wouldwhat did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up？A.she forced him to continue。B. she punished him。C.she gave him some money。D. she changed her plan。Example 2want to be a volunteer for Beijing Olympics in 2008？Recently，the recruiting started。the recruiting of Beijing Olympics volunter starts from aug 28，2006 to end of March 2008。Stage 1: Beijing VolunteersFrom August 28，2006，the program opens to applicats in beijin(and beijin only)。Stage 2:中国VolunteersFrom dec，2006，people from outside beijin can submit their application。Stage 3: Overseas VolunteersBy March 2007，people from outside China(including in other countries)，volunteering in Olympics 2008。The ProgramTravel，hotel are not provided。only working meal is available for volunters(makes sense，isnt it)？)，以获取详细信息If you have any questions，just call Olympics volunteer hotline : 86-10-123081.who has the most time to apply for volunteening in Olympics 2008？A.Liling from Beijing b . wangbing from Tianjin。C.Jane from australid。来自云南的东东。2.being a volunteer in Olympics 2008，you can enjoy free _ _ _ _ _ _ _ service。A.food B. taxi C. hotel D. ticket事实详细信息-经验这个问题最常见的特点是问题的某些单词和表达与原文的单词和表达相匹配，所以一般使用检索法。也就是先读问题，然后带着问题快速读短文，找出与问题相关的单词或句子，分析相关的部分，找出答案。(b)解决语义猜测问题的要领1、一般问题表单：1)which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) the word.could best be replaced by。3) in the.paragraph，the word.means (refers to)。4) according to the passage、probably means。5) the author uses the word.to mean。2、推测意思的一般方法第一，目标说明1)根据定义推测意义。当新单词包含or、similari、that is to say、in other words、namely、or other、say、i.g .等或同义词的子句时，或者描述和定义破折号和冒号、分号后的内容以及引号内的内容时常用的谓词动词包括be、mean、deal with、be consired、to be、be called、define、represent、refer to、signiy等。范例1。do you know what a“territory”is？A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims(声明)as its own。“分析”可以通过定义知道。territory是“动物场所”的意思。范例2 .in fact，only about 80 ocelts，an endangred wild cat，exist in the U.S. today。分析在同义词an endangred wildscat中，我们快速推测了新词ocelots的意思，即濒临灭绝的野猫。范例3 .here is the pines，whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou，wild boar，and reender with surprisingAccording to the passage，the pines is a .A.place in which you can see many mobile homesB.mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC.town which happens to be near the banff national parkD.restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food通过Whose领导的attributive子句，我们可以推测“The Pines是某家餐厅的名字，因此理解文的答案是“d”。(2)比方说，猜测意思恰当的例子可以提供推测生词的重要线索。范例4 .the course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation States。it will provide more space to study particular issues such as rela Ons hip among countries in the European union，third world debt，local and分析基于such as后面列出的一系列案例，我们必须能够推断句子的issue意味着“问题”。第二，内部逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测意义是指应用语言知识分析相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，根据逻辑联系推断新词的意义或替代意义。1)根据比较和比较关系推测意义如果一个句子或段落中有两种事物或现象的对比说明，我们可以根据新词的反义词来推测其意义。表示对比关系的术语和词组主要是unlink、not、but、however、despite、in spite of、in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构：引导while的并行句子。与比较关系相反，比较关系在意义上表示相似的关系。表示比较关系的单词和短语主要是similari、like、just as、also、as well as等。范例5 .a child s birth day party doesn t have to be a hasle；It can be a basket of fun。what does the underlined word hasle (paragraph 1)probably mean？A.a party designed by specalists b . a plan requireing careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or troublesd。a demand made by guests根据分析对比关系，在这里，hassle和a basket of fun的意思相反，很容易判断难解问题的答案是c。范例6 .green loves to talk，and his brothers are similari loquacious。在这个句子中，副词similarly表示loves to talk和loquacious这个短语的比较关系，其意义相似。所以我们可以推断loquacious的意思是“健谈”。2)根据因果关系推测意义在句子或段落中，如果两种事物现象之间形成因果关系，就可以根据这种逻辑关系推测新词的意义。范例7 .feel that since you are my superior，it would be pre ssumptuous of me to tell you what to do。我想(2005年上海卷)the word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .A.full of respect b . too configdent and rude c . lacking in experience d . too shy and quiet分析根据辛斯引导的原因状语从句内容(“因为你是我的上司”)，我们可以在这里推断presumptuous的意思是“鲁莽，放肆”，后半句的意思是“我怎么做都是鲁莽/鲁莽”。相应理解问题的答案是b。范例8 .pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shot s，or young leaves。根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是“修剪(修剪等)”。