高考英语句子成分分析

.,成分及句型,.,一、句子成分,（一）什么是？构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语，谓语，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。,.,句子成分详解表,.,主语句子的主体表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，全句述说的对象。常置于句首。Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclassTherichshouldhelpthepoor.,.,WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.,.,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样.主要由动词担任Thetrainleavesat6oclock.Iwantaticket.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hehascaughtabadcold.,.,宾语宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。Hewonthegame.Tomlosthislifeinthebigfire.Hecanspelltheword.,.,Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.,.,有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信),.,表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.MynameisMaryHeisastudentThreetimessevenistwentyoneTheweatherhasturnedcoldThemeetingisofgreatimportance.,.,除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词1)表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等2)表转变变化的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go3)表延续的动词:remain,keep,hold,stay,rest,.,定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任TheblackbikeismineGuilinisabeautifulcityChinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised,.,HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish,.,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句修饰动词，通常位于动词后Heworkshard修饰形容词或副词时，位于被修饰的词之前；Iamverysorry,.,表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前Weoftenhelphim,.,宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder,.,英语句型简单句并列句复合句,.,简单句,主系表结构主语+系动词+表语.主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,.,系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;,.,3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;TreesaregreenOurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsoldThepotatoeswentbadinthefieldsHerjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery,.,主谓结构主语+不及物的动词YouwillgraduatenextyearThecaraccidenthappenedyesterday,.,主谓宾结构主语+及物动词+宾语Ilikemyjobverymuch.HegrewsomevegetablesIhaveadreamIlikebasketball,.,主谓双宾主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语HegavehissisterthepianoHegavethepianotohissister常跟双宾语的动词bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,.,主谓宾宾补主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补WesawthemdancingYoukeptmewaitingforayear,.,LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.状主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.Theplaywasveryinteresting.主系状表Icanthearaword.Icanthearaword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.Theyweretalkingloudly.主谓状,.,并列句,简单句+并列连词+简单句相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系Youhelphimandhehelpsyou,.,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.TheteachersnameisSmith,andthestudentsnameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryoullmissthetrain.,.,2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryoullmissthetrain.,.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.Heaskedhisfatherwhyhecouldnthatchchickenswhilehenscould.Althoughthemattersoundsstrange,yetitisreallytrue.,.,4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferently,.,UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess_itrequiresattentionaswellasmoneyandimagination.untilB.butC.unlessD.for,.,SheisAmerican,_sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.A.soB.yetC.andD.therefore,.,复合句,主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句含有一个或一个以上从句，含有两个或两个以上主谓结构TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild,.,练习:简单句、并列句和复合句,判断下列句子是简单句,并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.Theboyw