2020届高考英语二轮复习 阅读中的常见词汇 妙招4 一词多义对比记单词学案

妙招4一词多义对比记单词 1advance词性词义例句vi.前进；上涨vt.提出The water is advancing at a rate of 5cm a day.水位正以每天5厘米的速度上升。n.提前；预先；增长；上涨；预付款It is a good idea to place your order well in advance.提前下好订单是个好主意。adj.预先的；先行的They have got advance information of the storms approach.他们事先已得到将有暴风雨的消息。2advocate词性词义例句vt.提倡；拥护The supermarket does not advocate the use of plastic bags.该超市不支持使用塑料包装袋。n.提倡者；拥护者He is an advocate of low carbon lifestyle.他是一个低碳生活方式的拥护者。3average词性词义例句n.平均数His average for his high school course was 90.他高中功课的平均成绩是90分。adj.平均的The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%.商品的平均价格仅上涨了2.2%。vi.平均vt.将平均分配The children average seven years of age.这些孩子的平均年龄为7岁。4bargain词性词义例句n.便宜货She knows a bargain when she sees one.她有辨别便宜货的能力。vt.&vi.讨价还价The salesman refused to bargain over price.推销员拒绝讨价还价。5benefit词性词义例句vt.&vi.受益；得益于The students have benefited a lot from their participation in various kinds of social activities.学生们参与各种社会活动，受益匪浅。n.益处，好处Many people find that regular physical activity gives them some unexpected benefits.很多人发现定期运动为他们带来了一些意想不到的好处。6cheer词性词义例句vi.欢呼The crowd cheered loudly when Lang Lang went up the steps to the bandstand.当郎朗走上演奏台的台阶时，人群高声欢呼起来。vt.为欢呼、加油We all cheered the runners on as they started the last lap.他们进入最后一圈时，我们都为运动员加油鼓劲。n.喝彩；欢呼All the students burst into cheers when he finished his speech on school reform.当他做完关于学校改革的演讲时，全体学生爆发出了欢呼声。7content词性词义例句n.内容The content of the textbook is quite beyond the childrens understanding.教材的内容大大超出了孩子们的理解力。adj.满足的After a good meal, we were all content.美餐一顿之后，我们都感到心满意足。8couple词性词义例句n.一对；一双；一些；几个There are a couple of books Id like you to read.有几本书我想让你读读。n.夫妻The young couple enjoy wandering around the streets at weekends.这对小夫妻喜欢周末在街上闲逛。vt.连接The train will be ready to leave when all the carriages have been coupled.当所有车厢都连接好时列车就可以准备开出了。9crowd词性词义例句n.人群；群众There was a big crowd and we had trouble getting a taxi.人群非常拥挤，我们很难打到出租车。vi.聚集；拥挤The eager audience crowded into the stadium.迫不及待的观众涌入体育场内。vt.塞满Dont crowd the bedroom with too much furniture.不要在卧室里摆放过多的家具。10express词性词义例句vt.表达I was too excited to express to you how grateful I am.我太激动而无法表达对你的深深感激。adj.明确的；迅速的He left express instructions to keep all doors locked.他明确指示要把门都锁好。n.快车；快递Where do I take the express to London？我在哪里能乘坐开往伦敦的快车？11fancy词性词义例句n.幻想；想象力The teachers story inspired the fancy of the pupils.老师的故事激发了学生们的想象力。adj.想象的；奇特的The birthday present was packaged in a fancy case with attractive patterns.生日礼物装在一个有着漂亮图案的别致的盒子里。vt.想象；喜欢Some little girls will fancy themselves as pretty princesses.有些小女孩会把自己想象成漂亮的公主。12free词性词义例句adj.自由的；免费的；空闲的The teacher demanded that his students do some reading in their free time.老师要求他的学生在空余时间阅读书籍。vt.使自由；解放She freed herself from stress by listening to some soft music.她通过听柔和的音乐使自己摆脱了压力。13graduate词性词义例句vi.毕业I graduated from a teaching college 20 years ago.二十年前我从一所师范学校毕业。n.毕业生Although he was only a high school graduate, he achieved great success in his business.尽管他只是个高中毕业生，但他在自己的生意上取得了很大的成功。14guide词性词义例句n.指南Our 10page guide will help you to change your life for the better.我们这本十页的指南会帮助你们改善生活。n.向导We have arranged for a guide to show you around our city.我们安排了一名向导带你参观我们的城市。vt.带领The local man will guide you to the top of the mountain.这位当地人会带领你们爬到山顶。15judge词性词义例句vt.判断；评判Never judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。vt.判决The woman was finally judged guilty.那个女人最终被判有罪。n.法官；裁判The judge postponed the hearing until next Tuesday.法官将听证会延至下周二。16major词性词义例句n.攻读某个专业的学生As English majors, they take great interest in the culture of Englishspeaking countries.作为英语专业的学生，他们对说英语国家的文化很感兴趣。vi.专攻；主修They are students majoring in Chemistry, who have to spend a lot of time in the lab doing experiments every day.他们是主修化学的学生，每天都得花大量的时间在实验室做实验。adj. 主要的In some cities in North China, air pollution has become a major health hazard.在中国北方的一些城市，空气污染成了人们健康的主要威胁。17mask词性词义例句n.面具A man wearing a mask robbed the store last night.昨天晚上，一个戴面具的男人抢劫了这家商店。vt.掩盖They tried hard to mask their true intentions.他们努力掩盖他们的真实意图。18match词性词义例句n.比赛In the European countries many football fans will enjoy the matches in the pub during the World Cup.世界杯期间，很多欧洲国家的球迷喜欢在酒吧看比赛。n.火柴My younger brother collected a lot of car models which were as small as match boxes.我弟弟收集了许多像火柴盒一样小的汽车模型。n.匹配All their friends regard the couple as a perfect match.所有朋友都认为他们是天生一对。vt.把嫁给The rich man refused to match his daughter with the poor clerk.这个有钱人拒绝把女儿嫁给那个贫穷的文员。vt.比得上It seemed that no one in the world could match the skill of the wellknown carver.世界上似乎没有人的技艺能比得上那位出名的雕刻师。vt.&vi.匹配Your white trousers match your shoes well.你的白裤子和鞋很相配。19material词性词义例句n.材料The project was delayed because of the shortage of some materials.由于某些材料的短缺工程被拖延了。adj.物质的；实质的People have to give up some material comfort to stop global warming.人们不得不放弃一些物质享受以阻止全球变暖。20mean词性词义例句adj.吝啬的He was such a mean businessman that he would never lend a penny to his partners.他是一位非常吝啬的生意人，他从不借一分钱给合作者。vi.意欲What do you mean by buying so many books on economics at a time？你一次买那么多经济方面的书想要干什么？vt.意味着His promotion means a raise in salary.他的升职意味着加薪。21measure词性词义例句n.措施；方法What measures will you take to improve your oral English？你会采取什么方法来提高你的英语口语水平？vt.衡量；测量Do you figure out some effective measures to measure the height of the cliff？你找到测量悬崖高度的有效方法了吗？22mind词性词义例句vt.介意Do you mind my opening the window？你介意我开窗吗？vt.照顾；照看My son can mind the store for me.我儿子能帮我照看商店。vt.务必Mind you tell my father.你别忘了告诉我父亲。n.大脑Im trying to clear my mind of all this.我试图把这一切都从我脑子里清理出去。n.才智Studying stretched my mind and got me thinking about things.学习扩展了我的才智，使我开始思考。23move词性词义例句n.移动；行动He is still thinking about his next move.他仍在考虑他的下一步行动。vi.&vt.移动As his legs were hurt in the accident, he was unable to move himself.因为在事故中双腿受伤，所以他无法让自己挪动一步。vi.迁移；离开Many young people move from countryside to the cities to seek more working opportunities.很多年轻人从乡村来到城市，寻找更多的工作机会。vt.感动All the people in the neighbourhood were moved by the young man who saved three drowned children at the cost of his own life.附近的所有人都被这个以牺牲自己的生命为代价救了三个溺水的孩子的年轻人感动了。24narrow词性词义例句v.缩小The teacher asked the students to narrow down their topics before writing.老师要求学生写作前先把题目的范围缩小。adj.窄的Its impossible for me to drive my car through such a narrow path.要我开车从那么窄的弄堂里穿过去是不可能的。25object词性词义例句n.目标；目的He told me the object of the activity is to raise money for the charity to help the childless old people.他告诉我此次活动的目的是为慈善募捐来帮助那些无儿无女的老人。vi.反对We will not put it into practice if you object to the plan.如果你反对这个计划，我们就不实施了。26overlook词性词义例句vt.忽略Some successful businessmen were so busy that they overlooked some sorts of warning signals about their health.一些成功的商人因为太忙而忽略了一些与他们健康有关的警告信号。vt.俯瞰In the new house we have three pretty and comfortable rooms overlooking a grassland.在我们的新房子里有三个漂亮而舒适的房间可以俯瞰一片草地。27pack词性词义例句vt.包装They offered the laidoff worker a job of packing boxes in a warehouse.他们为那位下岗工人提供了一份在仓库打包的工作。vi.打点行李We are busy packing for a journey.我们忙着为旅行打点行李。n.包裹；背包When you climb a mountain, you should take everything unnecessary out of your pack.你爬山时应把所有不需要的东西从包里拿出去。n.一组；一伙A pack of wolves went ravening about in the forest.一群狼在森林中到处觅食。28power词性词义例句n.权力It is within my power.那是在我的权力范围之内。n.能力；力量It seems that the Internet has the power to change the way we live.互联网似乎有能力改变我们的生活方式。vt.促进A second Green Revolution will be powered by the wonder of genetic engineering.基因工程将推动第二次绿色革命。29press词性词义例句n.压力Now many young people feel the press of modern life.现在很多年轻人都感受到了现代生活的压力。n.新闻；出版社He will announce something important at the press conference.他会在记者招待会上宣布一些重要的事情。vt.压；按；施加压力Dont press your opinion on the younger generation.不要将你的想法强加给年轻的一代。30race词性词义例句n.种族In some countries, some white people have prejudice against the coloured races.在一些国家，有些白人对有色人种有偏见。n.赛跑My son won the first prize in the race competition in school.我儿子在学校的跑步比赛中获得了第一名。vi.疾跑She jumped off her bicycle and raced to the library.她跳下自行车飞奔向图书馆。vt.和赛跑Ill race you to the bus stop.我要和你比一比谁先跑到公交车站。31rank词性词义例句n.军衔He eventually rose to the rank of captain in his forties.在四十多岁的时候他最终升到了上尉军衔。n.等级The wealthy man bought the masterpiece of a painter of the first rank.这位有钱人买了一幅一流画家的杰作。vt.把分等级Ma Long is ranked among the best pingpang players in the world.马龙被列入世界上最优秀的乒乓球运动员之列。vt.排列His books were tidily ranked on the shelf.他的书都整齐地排列在书架上。32regard词性词义例句vt.认为；看待；考虑He was regarded as one of the greatest basketball players in the world.他被认为是世界上最伟大的篮球运动员之一。She left the school without regarding her parents opinion.她没有考虑父母的意见就离开了学校。n.尊重We have very high regard for him and what he has achieved.我们很尊重他和他取得的成就。33ruin词性词义例句n.废墟They hoped that they could find some critical evidence in the ruins, but in vain.他们希望能在废墟上找到关键的证据，但是徒劳无功。vt.破坏；摧毁Their friendship over the years was ruined by misunderstanding.他们多年的友谊被误解所破坏。34score词性词义例句vt.得分The middle school student scored an average of 146 on three separate IQ tests.这名中学生在三个独立的智商测试中得到了146分的平均分。n.分数He won the US Open Golf Tournament with a score of 287.他以287分在美国高尔夫公开赛中夺冠。n.几十There are scores of boxes in the warehouse.仓库里有几十个箱子。35sense词性词义例句vt.感觉到；感知She was disappointed and angry when she sensed that he didnt tell the truth to her.当她发现他没有告诉她真相时，她感到失望又生气。vt.理解Most students cant sense the meaning of the sentence.多数学生都不懂这个句子的意思。n.道理；理智What my grandpa said always made sense.我爷爷说的话总是很有道理。36sink词性词义例句vi.沉没The ship hit the iceberg and sank fast.船撞到冰山并迅速沉没了。vt.使下沉；使低落In a battle at sea, we succeeded in sinking five enemys ships.在一次海战中，我们成功击沉了五艘敌船。n.水槽The sink was full of dirty dishes.水槽里满是脏盘子。37spare词性词义例句adj.空余的；多余的Youd better read as many books as possible in your spare time.你最好在空余时间尽量多读书。vt.宽恕We should not pity nor spare our enemy.我们既不应同情也不应宽恕我们的敌人。vt.缓解Your joke spared her embarrassment.你的笑话缓解了她的尴尬。vt.分出；分让We spare no effort to keep the peace between the two parties.我们不遗余力地使双方保持和平。38stress词性词义例句n.压力He suffered from insomnia because of the heavy stress from his work.他因工作压力大而患上了失眠症。vt.强调The spokesman stressed the importance of fairness and harmony.发言人强调了公平、和谐的重要性。n.重音While pronouncing the word, put the stress in the second syllable.读这个单词时，把重音放在第二个音节上。vt.重读The nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the sentences should be stressed while reading.读句子时，句子中的名词、动词、形容词和副词都应该重读。39strike词性词义例句n.罢工The organizers of the strike are determined to press on until the employers agree to shorten their working time.罢工组织者决心将继续罢工直到雇主同意缩短工作时间。vt.打击He was struck by a heavy blow and lost consciousness.他被重重地打了一下，失去了知觉。vt.撞击To avoid hitting the passersby, she made a sudden turn and her car directly struck a tree.为了避免撞到行人，她一个急转，她的车直接撞到了树上。 40swallow词性词义例句n.吞咽He lifted his cup and took a swallow of coffee.他拿起杯子，喝了一口咖啡。n.燕子One swallow doesnt make a summer.一燕不成夏。vt.吞咽；吞；吞并You should chew your food well before you swallow it.你应该细嚼食物后，再吞下去。Many small companies have been swallowed up by the huge multinational.许多小公司被这家大型跨国企业吞并了。41switch词性词义例句n.开关；闸She put some dirty dishes into the dishwasher, shut the door and pressed the switch.她把那些脏盘子放入洗碗机，关上门后按了开始键。vt.转换；关上He left the house without switching off the light.他离开了屋子，没有关灯。vt.