高考知识汇总（三）2020高考英语知识点概要(必看)

高考知识汇总（三） 2020高考英语知识点概要(必看)fitbe fit for适合于This job is fit for you.这份工作适合你干。主语+be + fit + to do sth.如：Nobody is fit to take his place.没有合适的人接替他。（物，衣物之类）+fit+sb.表示衣帽之类适合某人，合身。The shirt does not fit me well.这件衬衫不太合我的身。fix vt.安排；修理；准备；安装；固定 fix a time for sth./ doing sth.with sb.与某人约定时间做某事fix sb.sth. 为某人准备某物fix ones eyes on/ upon 凝视fix ones attention on/ upon集中注意力于We have fixed the time and date of the party.我们已经确定了聚会的日期和具体时间。Something has gone wrong with my tape-recorder. I must have it fixed.我的录音机坏了，我得请人修一下。Mother decided to fix them something to eat.母亲决定给他们准备点吃的。Its not polite to fix your eyes on others.盯着别人看是不礼貌的。It is necessary for a child to form the habit of fixing his attention on/ upon what he is doing.孩子养成专心做事情的习惯是很有必要的。fix a date 确定日期fix a time确定时间fix a place确定场所fix vt.决定，确定fix+n./wh-/to do sth.My uncle is fixing to set up a company.fix up vt.搭起、安装，修理，安排（住宿等），提供， We must fix the house up before we move into it.Flashin a flash该介宾词组意为“转眼间”，“突然间”，“瞬间。”如：In a flash. I realized where we had met before.fly (1)vt.飞跃 +地点或距离作宾语：驾驶（飞机）；（用飞机）运送；放（风筝） fly the Atlantic / the English Channe/ a distance of 2000 km 飞跃大西洋/英吉利海峡/2000公里的距离 Supplies of food have been flown to the refugees. 补给的粮食空运给那些难民。 The children are flying their kites. 孩子们在放风筝。 (2)vi.飞，飞行，飞跑 Time flies like an arrow.光阴似箭。 The little girl flew to her grandmother. 这女孩向她奶奶飞跑过去。 (3)n.苍蝇 butter（奶油）+fly（苍蝇）=butterfly（蝴蝶） dragon（龙）+fly（苍蝇）=dragonfly（蜻蜓） fire（火）+fly（苍蝇）= firefly（萤火虫）（=lighting-bug,美语）follow t.(1)跟随；跟着。We followed the professor into the lab . 我们跟着教授走进了实验室。(2)听懂；理解。Would you please say it again? I cant follow you. 请再说一遍好吗?我没听懂。4. know about/of : have information concerning 听说（关于的事情）；知道；了解。Know vt. : have in mind as the result of experience or because one has learned 认识，知道。I dont know the writer , but I know about him.我不认识那位作家，但我听说过他。I know him ,but I dont know about him. 我认识他，但我并不了解他。for a start/to start with首先，第一点 You have no right to be here, to start with. 首先，你无权在此。 It wont work：for a start, we dont have so much money and secondly we cannot get the permission.那不行，首先我们没那么多钱，其次我们不能被批准。for example / such asfor emample 用来举例说明，例子通常是一个。它可放在所举例子的前面，也可放在后面；such as 用来列举事物，只能放在所列举的事物的前面。另外，只列举有代表性的事物，并不全部列出。如：Some students are often late for school, Li Ling ,for emample .有些学生上学经常迟到，例如李玲。He can speak several foreign languages, such as English, Janpanese, German and so on.他会说好几种外语，比如英语、日语、德语等。forbid(forbade, forbidden)forbid sb.to do sth.如：My mother forbids me to keep in touch with that boy.我妈不让我与那个男孩交往。forbid(ones)doing sth.如：The law strictly forbids individuals running business in some fields.法律严禁私人从事某些经营活动。常用被动形式Smoking is forbidden here.这儿不许抽烟。表示“使不可能，使无法”The bad weather forbids a spring outing.坏天气使我们无法春游。否定转移I/We think, believe,suppose, imagine接宾语从句时，通常否定主句谓语;但变反意问句时，却必须和从句的人称、谓语保持一致，而且要考虑主句中有无 not。如：I dont think she is right,isnt?/I believe that they will win the match, wont they?应用汉译英我猜今天夜里不会有雨。我们认为美国不会赞同我们的和平计划。Key:I dont suppose there will be rain this night.We dont think America will agree to our peace plan.form in the form of 以的形式呈现，prep.take the form of 以形式呈现，vt.The cookies are all in the form of stars.DThe cookies all take the form of stars.free adj.(1)空闲的；有空的。Are you free tomorrow?明天你有空吗？（2）免费的；无偿的。Do you enjoy free medical care ?你享受免费医疗吗？Why are you so happy?你怎么那么高兴？Because I got two free ticket. 我免费弄到两张票。(3)自由的。The birds in the cage wish to be free.笼中之鸟盼望自由。You are free to say anything you want to at the meeting .会上你可以畅所欲言。freeze,freezing,frozenfreeze是动词“结冰，凝固”；freezing可用作名词“冰点”，用作形容词“冰冷的”，用作副词“极冷地”；frozen既是freeze的过去分词形式，也可用作形容词，表示“冷冻的”。对比：Water freezes below freezing. 冰点以下时水结冰。It was freezing cold that morning.那天早晨非常地冷。The roads are frozen in places.路上多处结冰。应用英译汉above/over freezingfreezing weatherbe frozen to deathgive sb. a freezing coldfreezing machinefrozen meatIm frozen,so I cant writeIm freezing,so Ive to put on a heavy coat.Key:零度以上 很冷的天气被冻死 冷冷地看某人一眼制冷机 冻肉我冻坏了，不能写东西了。我觉得冷极了，我得穿件厚大衣frighten用作动词，frighten表示“吓唬、使惊恐” 。如：frighten the birds away 把鸟吓跑；be frightened by 被吓坏；be frightened of sb./sth.害怕某人/物；be firghtened at因而受到惊吓；be frightened off away被吓跑了；be frightened to dath被吓死；frighten o(doing) sth.吓得某人做某事。辨析：frightened, frightening:前者表示“感到恐惧、害怕”，后者表示“令人惧怕”。对比：frightened children吓坏了孩子；frightening voice令人恐惧的声音；her frightened look她那恐惧的样子（自己内心害怕所显露出的表情）。her frightening look她那可怕的样子（其样子使别人害怕）应用完成句子那可怕的声音使我非常恐惧.The _ voice made me very _.他吓得那个老太太签署了那份文件。He _ the old lady _ _ the paper.她看到蛇吓坏了。She_ _ the sight of a snake.你怕老虎吗？Are you _ _ tigers?Key:frightening , frightened frightened, into, signingwas, frightened, at frightened, of“复合名词”变复数的几种形式(1)由man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两个成分都要变。如：a man doctormen doctors男医生a woman driverwomen drivers女司机(2)由“名词+名词”以及“动名词+名词”构成的复合名词，把复数词尾放在一个名词上。如：police officers 警官 boy-friends男朋友match-boxes火柴盒 flower shops花店frying pans平底锅(3)由“名词+副词”构成的复合名词，把复数词尾放在名词上。如：passers-by过路人 lookers-on旁观者(4)由“家庭成员+in-law”构成的复合名词，复数形式放在第一个成分上。如：fathers-in-law（岳父） sisters-in-law（嫂嫂） sons-in-law（女婿）(5)复合名词中没有名词时，把复数词尾放在最后一个词上。如：go-betweens中间人，媒人 grown-ups成年人game,race, match三个词都有“比赛”之意。game通常指“游戏、比赛”，其复数形式往往指大型运动会。race多指赛跑，赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。match指竞技比赛。应用英译汉play games play a game of basketball the Asian Gameshorse race.a 1,500-metre racerun a racehave a volleyball matchwatch a matchKey:做游戏，比赛 进行一次篮球比赛 亚运会 赛马 一千五百米赛跑 赛跑 举行排球比赛 观看比赛get a general idea of 对了解大意（大概情况） Read the chapter quickly to get a general idea. 快速阅读这一章，了解大意。 I have a general idea of that town. 我对那个镇子的大概情况有所了解get in touch with sb.; keep in touch with sb.这两个相似动词短语的区别是：前者是表示动作性的，作“和（与）某人进行接触”解，如：Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States.最后，汉克和他的朋友互换了地址，并且保证回美国后和对方联系。而后者表示状态，作“和（与）某人保持着联系”解。如：Some students keep in touch with me all the time.一些学生一直和我保持着联系。get sb. / sth. doing使某人/某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作 Let me try now, I will get the car going 现在让我试试，我会把汽车发动起来。 拓展：get sb. to do sth. = have sb. do sth.让/使某人做某事 get sth. done = have sth. done请人做某事 Ill get him to do the job.我会让他做这项工作。 When did you get your hair cut? 你什么时候理的发？感叹句表达方式感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为“What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语！”。也有少量其他形式的感叹句，现一并归纳如下：(1)What 引导的感叹句What 用做定语，修饰名词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：What+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：What an orphan he is!他是个多么可怜的孤儿啊！What+a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：What a beautiful voice she has!她的声音多美啊！What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！如：What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊！What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What good news it is!(2)How 引起的感叹句How 用做状语，修饰形容词、副词和动词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：How+形容词+主语+谓语！How clever you are!How+副词+主语+谓语！How well she dances!How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：How good a student he is!How+主语+谓语！如：How the teachers worked!教师们工作多么努力啊！How+many(few)+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！如：How many books you have read!How much(little)+不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：How little money the coat cost!(3)“What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”句型可转换为“How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”句型。如；What a clever boy he is!How clever a boy he is!(4)感叹句常将主语和谓语动词省略，以“What+名词！”或“How+形容词！”的形式构成。如：What a fine student!What mountains!How wonderful!How brave!(5)其他形式的感叹句有时候，可不用what和how来表示感叹，而用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，甚至一个词或词组来表示感叹。如：She is such a nice girl!她是一个多好的姑娘啊！（陈述句）Who do you think you are!你算老几！（疑问句）“Stop the train! Stop the train!”(祈使句)Wonderful!(一个词)Happy New Year!(词组)get through 接通电话；完成；通过I cant get through. The lines busy.我没能接通电话。占线了。get through the work/the exams/the book完成工作/通过考试/看完这本书打电话的其他交际用语：Can you ring up ?你能给打电话吗？I cant get through.我没能接通（电话）The line is busy.（电话）占线。Ill try again later.一会儿我再试试。Could I speak to please?我找接电话。This is speaking .我是Hold on, Please.请等一等。Can I take a message?我可以捎个口信吗？Could you ask to ring me back, please?你让给我回个电话好吗？Ill ask to call you.我要让给你打个电话。They are talking on /over the phone. 他们在通电话。You are wanted on the phone.有电话找你。She answered the phone.她接了电话。give构成的短语give away 送给人、分发、泄露、暴露Lets give away our dog.我们把狗送人吧。give back:送还、恢复（健康）Living here has given me back my health.在这住使我恢复了健康。give in交进来，让步、妥协、投降The boy gave in the money he picked up.那小孩把捡到的钱上交了。In the end,they gave in.最终，他们屈服了。give off散发出The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.那种气体发出难闻的气味。give out用完、耗尽、没有了。Money gave out.钱用完了。give up放弃、不再做、把献给My father has given up smoking.我爸“戒烟了。”He has given up his life to teaching.他一生都献给了教育事业。Dont give up,try again.别泄气，再试一次。give birth to 生；造成的原因。 She gave birth to a baby last week.His illness gave birth to his absence.Give my regards/ best wishes/love to sb. 向人问好时give off,放出（光、烟、气味等）、散发，give out,放出，发出（声音，光线，气味等），（食物、燃料、力量等）用尽、筋疲力尽。These red roses give off a sweet smell.This device gives out flashes of light in the fog.Both my strength and money gave out.go bad 变坏类似的：go wrong,go mad,etc.go 通常表示不好的变化。Alices face went red with anger.My husbands hair is going gray.“go+doing”表示“去干某事”，多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。go fishing 去钓鱼 go riding去骑马go boating 去划船 go climbing去登山go swimming去游泳 go shooting去射击go walking 去散步 go hunting去打猎go shopping去买东西 go cycling去骑车go dancing去跳舞 go camping 去露营“go+doing”还可以表示从事某种职业。go farming务农 go nursing当护士go on doing , go on to do , go on with 1) go on doing sth .指继续做同一件事。如：After a short rest , they went on working . 短暂休息之后，他们继续工作。go on with sth . 指继续同一件事，此时 with 后能接名词，代词，不能跟ing 形式。如:After a short rest ,they went on with the work . 短暂休息之年，他们继续那项工作。go on to do sth . 指接着做另外一件事。如：After finishing the words , they went on to go over the text.结束单词后，他们接着通课文。2) 类似意义的说法。continue doing/ to do = go on doing;go ahead with = go on with ,隐含有付出努力之意keep on doing = go on doing 指不顾困难，反对或警告而坚持做某事。如：He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop .医生告诉他停止后，他还是继续抽烟。go through 浏览；经历；历经 He went through several houses, but havent bought one yet. 他看了好几套房子，但一套还没买。 The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家已经历了太多的战争。 The plan must go through several stages. 这个计划必须经历几个过程。 拓展：go through with完成 He hasnt gone through with his composition yet. 他还没写完作文。go with 与相配；适合。Id like a pair of shoes to go with my trousers.我想要一双和我的裤子相配的鞋。go/do without该短语表示“没有将就着也行”。Without既是介词也是副词，亦即带不带宾语都行。应用完成句子他没钱买电视，只能过着没有电视的日子。He had no money for a TV set,so he had to _ _ _.我们没有地图也行。We have no map but we can _ _Key:go,without,it do,withouthad better (not) do sth.最好（不要）做某事。用来委婉地提出建议或劝告.had通用于各种人称和数的形式.。Youd better give up smoking.It dose no good to your health.你最好把烟戒掉，吸烟对健康没好处。she had better not come this evening .今晚她最好不要来。hand down(=pass down)相传、传给意思是“（从上代）传下来（给后代）”。In poor families,clothes may be handed down from one child to the next.hand back 把归还；hand in 面交，提出；hand on 传阅，依次传递；hand out 分发；hand over 移交。happen句型归纳 (1)happen to do sth.(主语常为“人”)，意为“碰巧。恰好”。to 后可用不定式的一般式to do,完成式to have done进行式to be doing如：You happened to be out when I came to your house.我到你家时，你正好出去了。She happened to have just finished reading the book.碰巧她刚刚读完那本书。The two salesmen happened to be quarrelling when the manager entered.经理进去时两个售货员碰巧在吵架。(2)It(so)happen that“（如此）碰巧，恰好”。如：It happens that he is a teacher of English.恰好他是位英语老师。It so happened that he was going that way too.如此碰巧的是他也往那边走。注意：句型1）和2）可互换，如：I happened to have no money with me./It happened that I had no money with me.我碰巧身上没带钱。(3)happen to sb./sth. “某人/物出事，发生了情况”。如：What has happened to your hand?你的手怎么了？Be careful not to let anything happen to that child.小心别让那个孩子出任何事。应用选择正确答案We havent heard from Jane for a long time.(MET91)What do you suppose _to her?A.was happening B.to happenC.has happened D.having happenedThey happened to _for Tianjin when we got there.(MET)A.leave B.have left C.leaving D.had leftIf anything _you,let me know.A.is happened to B.is happeningC.happens on D.happens toKey:C B Dhave a right to do sth.有权做某事right:当名词用，可有复数形式如：human rights人权；但是当方向（右边）讲时，不可数，turn to the right向右转当形容词：a.右面的、向右的、政治上右倾的；b.对的、正确的、合适、恰当、正当；c.对头、没事了。如：He didnt feel quite right.他感觉不太舒服。Your advice is right你的建议是对的。Which is the right answer?哪个答案正确？当副词用，向右Dont forget to turn right when you meet a bookstore.看到那家书店别忘了向右转。The crowd divided right and left.人群走散了（各奔西东）。have/find + difficulty/trouble + (in)doing sth ./ with sth.There be + difficulty/trouble + (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难/麻烦；在方面有困难/麻烦。其中的difficulty和trouble为不可数名词；doing前的介词in 可省略。I have some difficulty(in)pronouncing some English words.有些英语单词我发音有困难。Everyone in the town knew him; so we had no difficulty(in) finding his house。镇上所有的人都认识他，所有我们毫不费力就找到了他的家。The boy had little difficulty with maths.这孩子学数学没困难。There was much difficulty (in) finding him.好不容易才找到他。have mercy on/upon sb.该短语意为“宽恕（或可怜）某人”，类似的词组还有show mercy to sb.。He always has mercy on the poor.at the mercy of 任由摆布，在的掌握中。如：They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and the waves.have no choice but to do sth. 该结构意为“别无选择的干”如：You have no choice but to obey me.have on,haveonhave on 表示“穿着，戴着”，有have on sth.或have sth.,on结构，强调状态，无进行时，但有动词ing短语形式。haveon表示“有事，有约（会）”。对比：On Childrens Day,children always have on their new clothes. 儿童节那天孩子们总是穿着新衣服。Ive nothing on tomorrow.Lets go together. 明天我没事，咱们一起去吧。误：In fact the king was having nothing on.正：In fact the king had nothing on.事实上国王什么也没穿。正：The king having nothing on walked in the front.一丝不挂的国王走在最前面。应用汉译英He has something on this evening.Ive to go without him.He has his uniform on this evening.have something(nothing,much,little)to do with与有（没有，有很大，有一点）关系。I have nothing to do with that young man.His job has something to do with telephones.This has little to do with what we are talking about.Do you have anything to do with that club?He sends his regards/best wishes/love to you. 带人问好时也可用：Please remember me to your parents.head vi.向前进，朝某方面行进。后面接for,forward的介词短语，或表示方向的副词east,eastward等。head south向南行Where are we heading?Those ships are heading for HongKong.hear vt,;vi.（1）听见、听到（声音）。Listen!I heard somebody knocking at the door.听！我听到有人敲门。Old Granny cant hear very well.老奶奶听觉不好了。(2)hear that(宾从)听说某事I heard that he had come back.我听说他回来了。I heard that we were going to Qingdao for a holiday.Is that true?听说我们要去青岛度假，是真的吗？（3）hear of 听说；获悉。I have heard of him,though I dont know him.尽管我不认识他，但我听说过他。They have never heard of American country music.他们从没听说过美国的乡村音乐。They have never heard American country music。他们从没听过美国的乡村音乐。（4）hear from sb.收到某人的来信。Have you heard from Peter recently?最近收到彼得的信了吗？No,I havent heard from him for three months.没有。我已3个月没收到他的信了。heart短语归纳lose heart 失去信心；lose ones heart to sb./sth.爱上某人/事；give heart to sb.鼓励某人；give ones heart sb./sth.爱上某人/事；put ones heart into 一心扑在某事上；heart and soul全心全意地；have a kind heart有一幅好心肠;break ones heart使某人伤心；learnby heart 记住，背诵；with a heavy/light heart 心情沉重地/轻松愉快地应用完成句子这个队一场比赛未赢，结果灰心了。The team had won no game and it _ _.我们很奇怪她怎么爱上一个外国老头。We wonder why she _ _ _ _an old foreigner.世上无难事，只怕有心人。Nothing is too difficult in the world if you _ _ _it.全心全意地为人民服务是一个党员的义务。Its the duty of a Party member to serve the people _ _ _.Key:lost,heartlost,her,heart,toput,your,heart,intoheart,and,soulhelp oneself to“自行取用（食物等），随意使用”Help yourself to more cakes.help to do sth.该动宾结构意为“有助于干某事”，且不定式符号to 可以省略，即构成help do sth.的表达形式。如：This book helps to understand this question.Exercises help build up.hold短语归纳hold ones hand 抓住某人的手；hold me by the arm抓住我的胳臂；hold ones breath屏住气；hold back ones tears 忍住泪水；hold a meeting 开会；hold 100 passengers容纳100名乘客；hold a position守住阵地；hold back 阻止；hold ones head high昂首，趾高气扬；hold up the wounded part 抬高受伤的部位；hold it tight 抓紧；hold everything in secret 对一切都保密；catch/get/take hold of a rope 抓住绳子；hold a child in ones arms 怀抱孩子；hold a final examination举行期末考试应用介、副词填空Nothing can hold_the wheel of the history.I held her _ the hand and tried to follow her.He was saved by taking hold_ the big stick.Please hold_ your hand if you have any questions to ask.Key: back by of upHow do you do ? 初次见面打招呼 答语为How do you do ?也可用Nice /Glad/Pleased to meet you.熟人见面打招呼 How are you?随便一些可用Hello, Hi.How do (did )you find?(你觉得/认为怎么样？)是征求对方对某人、某事的看法或意见的用语。回答时在find 后要跟复合宾语。 How did you find the dishes? (I found them)Tasteless. How do you find Peter Gray? I found him dishonest.How long have you had it?你买了多久了？瞬时动词come/go/leave/start/arrive/buy/die/join/borrow/marry等不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如how long, for 和 since所表示的时间。他去世三年了。不能说：He has died for 3 years.而应说：He has been dead for 3 years/He died 3 years ago. It is 3 years since he died.他参军多久了？不能说：How long has he joined the army?而应说：How long has he been in the army?/How long has he been a soldier?/How long is it since he joined the army?how long/how soon/how far/how often(1)how long 多久。表示一段时间，句中的动词应是延续性的。是对for 或since等所表示的时间状语的提问。How long have you lived here