高三英语Unit 5 Literature Poems by and for the people冀教版知识精讲

高三英语Unit 5 Literature: Poems by and for the people冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 5 Literature: Poems by and for the people1. yearn v. 渴望，想念 1)yearn to do sth. 渴望做2) yearn for sth= long for渴望Examples:(1) He yearned to return to his native land.他渴望回到故乡。(2) He yearned for a sight of the old, familiar faces.他渴望一见那些熟悉的老面孔。2. gaze at vt. 凝视(注视)Examples:She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news.我告诉她这消息时，她以怀疑的目光注视着我。stare at凝视He stares at the beggar with sympathy.他同情地凝视着那个乞丐。glare at vt. 怒视They stood there, glaring at each other.他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。catch a glimpse of vt. 瞥见3. decline n. 衰微，跌落v. 降低，婉谢Examples:(1) I wish prices would decline.但愿物价下降。(2) He spent his declining years in the country.他在乡间度过晚年。(3) The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake.墙壁因地震而倾斜。She is on the decline， and may die soon.她的健康每况愈下，可能不久于人世。4. He had a reputation as a fellow who had difficulty conforming.have difficulty( in )doing sth= have trouble in doing sth 做有困难1)I have much difficulty in getting on well with others.2) conform v. 使一致，遵守，使顺从 (与to 连用)Examples:(1) His ideas do not conform to mine.他的想法和我的不一致。(2) The building does not conform to safety regulations.这座建筑物不符合安全条例。(3) She left home to escape the pressure to conform to her familys way of life.她离家出走以求摆脱她家生活方式对她的束缚。5. evident a. 明显的，明白的句型:it is evident that .Examples:(1) It was evident that the policy was a failure.显然这项政策是失败的。(2) The purpose may not be immediately evident.这种目的不一定显而易见。evidence n. 根据，证据(1) There wasnt enough evidence to prove his guilt.没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。(2) On the evidence of their recent matches its unlikely the Spanish team will win the cup.从西班牙队最近的比赛情况来看，他们难以在这一届锦标赛中夺标。6. It is believed that he lived out his days in poverty, and finally died a broken and depressed man.1)it is believed that人们相信这是it 做形式主语的一个句型.类似的还有: it is said that.据说；it is reported that据报道； it is known that 已知； it is thought that 人们认为2) live out vt. 活过(住在外面，不住在雇主家)1. I doubt if shell live out the winter.我看她活不过今年冬季。2. Some men on their own will live out of tins rather than cook meals for themselves.一些独居的男人宁肯靠罐头食品过日子，也不愿自己烧饭吃。3) in poverty处于贫穷之中1. The great singer ended his days in poverty.那位大歌唱家在贫困中度过残生。2. The man lived in poverty after his unemployment.这人失业后就生活在贫困之中。4)depressed a. 沮丧的，降低的We were all depressed by the dismal weather.阴沉的天气让我们都感到压抑。I feel depressed.我感到沮丧。depress v. 使沮丧，压低The thought of having to take the exam again depressed me.想到还需重新考试，我就感到沮丧。The threat of war has depressed business activity.战争的威胁使经济萧条。7. acquaint v. 使熟知 acquaint sb. / oneself with sthExamples:(1) I am acquainted with her.我认识她。(2) Please acquaint him with my arrival.请通知他我到了。(3) You must acquaint yourself with your new duties.你必须熟悉自己的新职务。acquainted a. 有知识的， 知晓的Are you acquainted with him?你跟他熟吗?8. adaptation n. 改编，适应，改编成的作品I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare.我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。The physiological adaptation of an animal or a plant to changes in climate or environment, such as light, temperature, or altitude.适应气候的动物或植物在生理上对气候或环境的变化，比如光线，气温或高度变化的适应。adapt to 适应The new students are very slow to adapt to the rules.新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in.在社会中生活就要遵循社会行为准则。9. bring out vt. 出现；出版；初次参加社交活动When are the publishers bringing out his new book?The enlargement brings out the details in the photograph.照片放大后细微之处都很清楚。The company is bringing out a new sports car.公司正在生产一种新跑车。The shop-stewards brought out the miners.工人代表发动矿工罢工。The sunshine will bring out the blossom.阳光将使花朵开放。I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想讲一下这首诗的意义。bring about带来，造成， 发生，引起bring up教育，培养， 养育bring on 引起， 导致10. enable v. 使能够 enable sb to doExamples:(1) The collapse of the strike enabled the company to resume normal bus services.罢工的失败使公司恢复了正常的公共汽车营业。(2) I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.我向他作了详细说明， 好让他能找到那房子。11. carry on继续Now we can carry on with our work.现在我们可以继续干了。In any event, we should carry on with our research.无论如何，我们必须坚持研究。After his death, his children will certainly carry on his career.百年之后，他的孩子一定会继承他的事业。When the chips were down he found the courage to carry on.他在关键时刻勇于坚持到底。carry out vt. 实行(执行，实现)He will carry out his plan.他要执行他的计划。carry through完成(贯彻)He carried through all his homework in ten minutes.他在十分钟内完成了所有的家庭作业。12. demonstrate v. 示范，演示，证明，示威Examples:(1) Please demonstrate how the machine works.请示范机器的使用方法。(2) She demonstrated that 2 and 2 are four.她证明2加2等于四。demonstration n. 示范，实证She gave us a demonstration of the machine to show how it worked.她给我们作示范，说明怎样操作这部机器。The police said over 100, 000 people had taken part in the demonstration.警方说参加游行示威的人超过十万。13. continuous a. 连续的，继续的，连绵不断的Examples:(1) The brain needs a continuous supply of blood.大脑需要不断地供血。(2) We had twelve hours of sunshine yesterday, as against a forecast of continuous rain.昨日有十二小时的晴天， 预报却说仍有雨。(3) The patient is seriously ill and is being kept under continuous observation.病人病情严重，现接受持续观察。continual a 不断的，频繁的Examples:(1) Are you tired of this continual rain?你对于这不停的雨不感到厌烦吗？(2) Please stop your continual questions.请不要再接二连三地提问了。(3) Ive had enough of her continual chatter.我已厌烦了她喋喋不休的闲谈。(4) Our photocopier is in continual need of running repairs.我们的复印机经常需要检修。continue v. 继续，连续continue to do/ doing；continue with sthWet weather may continue for a few more days.多雨的天气可能还要持续好几天。In spite of my efforts to pacify it the baby continued to cry/continued crying.尽管我已尽力哄这婴儿，可是他还是哭个不停。14. regardless of不顾，不惜Examples:(1) They decorated the house regardless of cost.他们不惜工本装修这栋房子。(2) She is determined to do regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。(3) He continue speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说。15. burst n. 破裂，脉冲，爆发v. 爆裂，突发burst through vt. 突然出现(突破)burst into vt. 闯入(突然发作)Examples:(1) I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。(2) There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。(3) The police burst through the door.警察破门而入。(4) Ive eaten so much Im bursting at the seams.我吃得太多了，肚子都要撑破了。(5) When she saw me she burst into tears.她一看见我就放声大哭。(6) He burst into our meeting and got sent away with a flea in his ear.我们正在开会他闯了进来， 大家把他轰走了。16. restrict n. 限制、限定、约束v. 限制，约束The government will introduce legislation to restrict the sale of firearms.政府将制定法规限制枪支出售。I restrict myself to smoking two cigarettes a day.我限定自己每天只抽两支烟。restriction n. 限制，约束(1) There are currency restrictions on the sums allowed for foreign travel.到国外旅行允许携带的款额有所限制。(2)T he sale of firearms is subject to many legal restrictions.出售枪支受到许多法律限制。17. strike n. 罢工，打击，殴打v. 打，罢工，划燃，想起，打动(1) Ive struck on a plan for solving the problem.我突然想起一个解决这个问题的办法。(2) How does the idea strike you?这想法你觉得怎样？(3) The union struck for better work conditions.工会为争取更好的工作条件而罢工。注意:beathitstrikeknock作“敲、打”时的区别：beat侧重“连续地拍击”，strike侧重 “一次或多次有力地重击”，knock侧重“敲(门窗)、撞击”，hit侧重“击中”目标。【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）一. 单项填空从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Can you see anything in the sky?_. I forgot to wear my glasses.A. Yes, I cant B. No, I cant C. Yes, I can D. No, I can2. My younger brother spends little time _his studies. Instead, a lot of time is spent _ computer games.A. in； to play B. on； playing C. with； in playing D. about； playing3. You could have telephoned 110 for help. They offer immediate help.I _ that. A whole day_.A. forget； wastes B. forgot； was wastedC. forgot； has wasted D. forget； was wasted4. I have just had my CD player repaired.How much did they _ for it?A. spend B. pay C. charge D. cost5. Can you see that he is eager to _?Yes. He is a man who is always showing off.A. show around B. show off C. show up D. show in6. He shows no interest in such things, so he would send his secretary _ himself.A. in case of B. as a result of C. instead of D. in according to7. The twin sisters are so much alike that even his parents can hardly _ one from another.A. separate B. divide C. tell D. recognize8. Audiences to the lecture greatly _ the great scientist.Yes, they admired him _ his wisdom.A. respected； about B. struck； for C. admired； for D. welcome； because9. The policewoman _ that I should show her my license when I drove beyond the speed.A. asked B. hoped C. demanded D. agreed10. We can hardly imagine such a little baby _ in the care of a stranger.A. leaving B. being left C. to be left D. was leaving11. She distinguished herself _a zoologist, though she even cannot _ some ordinary animals.A. by； distinguish B. as； distinguishC. from； be distinguished D. among； tell12. Your T-shirt looks nice. Many others would like to purchase the same _ you have bought.A. as B. that C. which D. one13. You should first make a list of the names of those _, and then start to write the invitation cards.A. invited B. being invited C. to be invited D. have been invited14. _ foolish thing has ever happened in our school, so everyone is shocked.A. No so B. No such C. Such no D. No such a15. Do you think living in the country has advantages?_.A. Yes, perfectly B. Yes, it is C. Well, that depends D. Nothing at all二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。You might not know it, but there is something wonderful at your fingertips. You can make people happier, healthier and more 36 just by touching their arms or holding their hands.Doctors say that body 37 is a kind of medicine that can work wonders. 38 people are touched, the quantity of hemoglobina type of matter that 39 the red color in bloodincreases 40 . This results in more oxygen reaching every part of the body and the whole body 41 . In experiments, bottle-fed baby monkeys were 42 from their mothers for the first ten days of life. They became 43 and inactive. Studies showed the monkeys were more 44 to become ill than other babies that were allowed to stay with their 45 .Human babies 46 in much the same way. Some years ago, a scientist noticed that some well-fed babies in a clean nursery became 47 . 48 babies in another nursery were growing healthily, even though they 49 less well and were not kept as clean. The 50 , he concluded, was that they often had 51 from nurses.Experiments show that most people like being touched. And nearly all 52 believe touch helps to reduce patients fear of treatment. Of course there is 53 when a touch is not welcome. But even if we dont like being touched, a 54 can make us feel better. Smiling 55 blood flow and starts the production of “happy brain” chemicals. So many agree that a smile is the best gift.16. A. foolish B. slower C. hard-working D. careful17. A. touch B. movement C. hold D. press18. A. Before B. Until C. When D. Why19. A. produces B. brings C. shows D. increases20. A. slowly B. greatly C. hardly D. terribly21. A. gains B. suffers C. benefits D. works22. A. separated B. divided C. operated D. distinguished23. A. sorry B. excited C. sad D. satisfied24. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. interested25. A. fathers B. neighbors C. mothers D. fellows26. A. live B. react C. survive D. work27. A. strong B. brave C. clever D. weak28. A. Yet B. Therefore C. So D. Instead29. A. drank B. fed C. ate D. rested30. A. result B. reason C. difference D. explanation31. A. quarrels B. embraces C. touches D. words32. A. doctors B. scientists C. nurses D. mothers33. A. chance B. time C. possibility D. hour34. A. nod B. praise C. cry D. smile35. A. reduces B. produces C. increases D. improves三. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（A）Where is it possible to drive from Rome to Moscow, Madrid, Paris, Vienna, and Stockholm without going to Europe? The answer is in the state of Maine!Throughout the United States there are many towns and cities that have been named after not only European cities but other countries as well, such as China, Poland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Just how many New World place names are recycled Old World names has never been added, but one research found forty-one London, fifty-six Berlins, twenty-four Dublins, thirty-two Athenses, and twenty-seven Moscows, among others!Reasons for European place names differ. Some were named in memory of settlers former homes, others in honor of historic events. Some names were given by mistakes. For instance, the people of Moscow, Kansas, wanted to name their city after the explorer Moscoso. They shortened his name to Mosco, and an official in Washington, thinking the Kansans couldnt spell, added a W.36. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. In the state of Maine there are many different European cities.B. You can drive to many European cities from the state of Marine.C. All the settlers in the state of Maine came from Europe.D. The state of Maine has many cities named after European cities.37. Why did the official in Washington change Mosco into Moscow?A. Moscow was a world-famous city name.B. He thought Moscoso would prefer Moscow.C. He believed Moscow was a far better name.D. He couldnt spell very well and made a mistake.38. What might be the best title for this passage?A. The Story of Moscow, KansasB. Cities and Their namesC. Interesting namesD. Old World Place Names in America（B）Remember the first time you got online? The excitement of feeling connected to people around the world?Well, bad news, the Internet is now rather old and unexciting. Its lost a lot of its magic and, worse still, has begun to really give us trouble with its slow, broken connections and pop-up ads （弹出式广告）. But, not to worry, theres that next big thing about to come onto our screens. Something to put excitement back in the Web.This year, wireless technology, or Wi-Fi, will be the hottest thing in the US and UK since the Internet first entered our schools and homes. Thats because Wi-Fi is cutting those ties and taking the Internet out of our schools and homes and to everywhere.A Wi-Fi user can access the Internet without wires. That means sending e-mail while drinking in the coffee shop, checking out the latest news while waiting for the plane or train, or even downloading favourite songs while bathing in the sun on a bench during a lunch-break.Wi-Fi could in fact change peoples lifestyles, but there is nothing new about Wi Fi itself. The technology was developing by the late 1990s and there are wireless networks in rural areas where the cost of cable （电缆） is too high. But, it is only now, with the increased use of the laptop and demand for fast Internet connections, and problems with the third generation of mobile phones (3G), that Wi-Fi is ready for the mass market.39. The advantage of Wi-Fi is that _.A. it is easy to operateB. it will mainly be used at home and in schoolsC. you can get online anywhere you likeD. it provides many more services than the current Internet40. It is suggested in the passage that _.A. Wi-Fi is a newly developed technologyB. Wi-Fi is costly to build in rural areasC. Wi-Fi will mainly be used in rural areasD. Wi-Fi will be widely used in the future41. The passage mainly tells us _.A. Wi-Fia wireless technology will put excitement back in the webB. problems with the third generation of mobile phonesC. the increasing demand for last Internet connections on the moveD. the increasing use of the laptop in the future（C）When you are really big people listen to you. Perhaps that is why the US basketball superstar Shaquille ONeal will release his fourth album（专辑）next year.ONeal the artist hasnt piled up the same honors as ONeil the athlete, but one of his previous（先前的）musical efforts resulted in 1 million record sales.The 2.16-meter giant has also starred in two movies. But these earned him more criticism （批评）than dollars at the box office.ONeal, 32, is not the only one to go from the sports field to the world of entertainment. Star athletes have for years tried to match success in sport with success elsewhere. Often it is just about making more money as companies recognize the ability of sporting heroes to help sell their products.An obvious example of this trend is David Beckhams presence just about everywhere, selling everything. He is now going to make his first film. Wimbledon tennis champion Maria Sharapova will become the advertising face of a new digital camera. And Chinese sports stars are also making the move. Just look at all Liu Xiangs ads, which seem to be taking over TV.All this marketing of sports stars has made some people wonder whether it affects sport? Is this trend of mixing sport, fashion and music taking the players away from their talented field and ruining the spirit of sport?42. Judging from the first paragraph, t