高中英语 Unit1《Friendship》学案11 新人教版必修1

Unit 1Friendship【单元导航】World War In 1933，the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million.Many European Jews lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy or influence.By 1945，nearly two out of every three European Jews had been killed as part of the “Final Solution”，which was the Nazi policy to murder all the Jews of Europe.Section OneWarming Up and Reading.Leadin1.建议听无印良品的朋友和老狼的睡在我上铺的兄弟，感悟朋友的真正含义。2.选择下面的词语描绘你最要好的朋友sociable，honest，friendly，easygoing，nervous，openminded，anxious，careful，talented，talkative，nosy，thoughtful，generous，carefree，pessimistic，peaceful，optimistic，interesting，reliable，helpful，active，careless，caring，exact，adventurous，imaginative，hotblooded，wellorganised，trustworthy，patient，responsible，outgoing，kind，brave，warmhearted，selfless，tolerant，etc.3.回答下列问题(1)Why do you need friends？Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.to cope with stressful situations in life；to share my worries and secrets in my inner world；to show my concern for other people；to let other people share my happiness；to unfold to other people the secrets in my heart (to name but few)，etc.(2)What do you think a good friend should be like？List what a good friend should do and share the list with your partners.tell me the truth (honest)；be good to me (friendly)；be willing to consider or accept others ideas or opinions (openminded)；be willing to help others (generous or helpful)；be goodtempered；think about what others need and try to help them (caring)；be loyal to their responsibility (responsible)；not easily upset (easygoing)；be outgoing (like to meet and talk to new people)；be tolerant (allow other people to have different opinions or do something in a different way)；be selfless (to name but few)，etc.(3)Does a friend always have to be a person？What else can be a friend?Answers can be various.(4)Do you think a diary can become your friend？Why or why not?Students answers may vary but must include a reason.e.g.Yes.I think it can be，because I can set down how I feel every day in my diary，and let other peopleread it to share my feelings some time later.Above all，it feels good to write down my thoughts and feelings on paper when I am sad or lonely.速读课文，回答下列问题1.Look at the pictures and the title of the reading passage.Guess what it might be about.2.Who was Annes best friend?Her diaryKitty.3.When did the story happen?During World War .4.How many parts does it contain？What are the different parts about?It contains two parts.One part is one page of Annes diary，the other part is the background knowledge about Anne and her diary.精读课文，回答下列问题1.概括每段的大意Para 1：Anne made her diary her best friend whom she could tell everything to.Para 2：Annes diary acted as her true friend during the time she and her family hadto hide away for a long time.Para 3：Having been kept indoors for so long，Anne grew so crazy about everything to do with nature.2.完成下列表格The place of the story(1)NetherlandsThe heroines full name(2)Anne FrankHer best friend(3)her diaryKittyThe length of time her family hid away(4)over two yearsThe time they started to hide(5)July 1942 3.匹配题(1)Anne kept a diary because(2)She felt very lonely because(3)They had to hide because(4)Anne named her diary Kitty becauseA.She couldnt meet her friends.B.Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.C.She could tell everything to it.D.She wanted it to be her best friend.答案 (1)C(2)A(3)B(4)D.写出表达Anne感情的词sad，anxious，eager，excited，earnest，crazy，calm，lonely.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语1.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.句子结构分析：If引导的是wonder的宾语从句，其中含有一个强调句型，其结构是It is/was被强调部分that句子剩余的部分。be crazy about意为对着迷/疯狂；everything to do with nature意为与自然有关的一切。翻译： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。2.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.句子结构分析：That引导的是remember的宾语从句；there was a time when.意为“曾经一度，曾经有一段时间”。翻译：我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。3.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.句子结构分析： It wasthe first/second.timethat 主语过去完成时态意为“某人第几次干某事”。翻译：这是一年半以来我第一次目睹夜晚4.I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.句子结构分析： hanging before very dusty windows在句中作定语，修饰curtains。翻译：我只能透过挂在沾满灰尘的窗前的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。.参考所提供的信息用第一人称来复述课文Annes best friendwhather diarywhat kindtold everything towhenWorld War whereAmsterdam，Netherlandswhathid away so as not to be caughtAnnes feelingTimeNatureFeelingBeforehidingblue sky，songs of birds，moonlight，flowersnever feltspellboundAfterhidingdarkness，rain，wind，thundering cloudsfelt crazy，held in their powerSection TwoLanguage Points1. Add up your score and see how many points you get.把得分加起来，看你能得多少。【品味经典】Add up all the money I borrowed from you.把我从你那儿借的钱都加在一起。If we add these marks up，well get a total of 90.如果我们把这些分数加起来，总数就有九十分了。He set down the weights of all the stones and then added them up.他记下了所有石头的重量，然后合计起来。【自我探究】add up意为加起来；合计，是动副搭配；“把A加起来”表示为add upA或addAup，但若A为代词，表述为addAup。【归纳拓展】add to增加add.to.往里添加add up to总计；加起来等于add that.补充说The bad weather added to our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难。Please add some sugar to the milk.请往牛奶里加些糖。He expressed his thanks to me and added that he would come back.他表达了对我的感谢之情并补充说他还会来的。【牛刀小试】(1)The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness ofthe crew at sea. A.added to B.resulted from C.turned out D.made up答案A(2)She gave many excuses，but what they was that she didnt want to come.A.added to B.addedC.added up D.added up to答案B(3)All his schooling no more than one year.A.added up to B.added toC.is added up D.added答案A2. When he/she borrowed it last time，he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.他/她上次借时，把它弄坏了，你得花钱维修。【品味经典】I must get the radio mended.我必须把这台收音机修好。He has got his hair cut.他已理发了。【自主探究】get A done意为叫人做A，其中get意为使，过去分词done与A之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。【归纳拓展】get A donehave A done让A被get A to dohave A do让A去做get A doinghave A doing使A一直做；容忍A做Get your father to come tomorrow.Have your father come tomorrow.明天叫你父亲来。He got/had the light burning all the night.他让灯通宵亮着。We wont have (get) anyone separating Taiwan from China.我们不容忍任何人把台湾从中国分离出去。Ill get my bad teeth pulled out tomorrow.明天我让人把坏牙拔掉。【牛刀小试】(1)I got him to find a house for me (给我找房子).(2)She got the horse tied to the tree (拴在了树上).(3)I shouldnt have got you standing (老站着).3. Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友忧心忡忡地来到了学校。【品味经典】He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病而忧心忡忡。Im suffering from an upset stomach.我的肠胃正不舒服呢。【自主探究】upset系形容词，在句中可作表语、定语和状语，be upset over/about/at.意为因感到心烦意乱。【归纳拓展】upset vt.(upset；upset；upsetting)使心烦意乱；使不适；打翻；打乱Losing the necklace borrowed from her friend upset her completely.她把从朋友那儿借来的项链弄丢了，这使她心烦意乱。The lousy food upsets my stomach.这糟糕的饭菜使我肠胃不适。Be careful not to upset the bottle of ink.小心不要打翻了这瓶墨水。Rain upset our plan for a picnic.下雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。【牛刀小试】(1)Your choice upset him (使他不安).(2)Dont be upset at/over/about it (别为这事心烦了).Just forget it.4. ignore the bell.不顾及铃声【品味经典】He ignores my advice and goes on playing.他不顾我的劝告而继续玩。His problems cant be ignored.他的问题不容忽视。【自我探究】ignore是动词，意为忽视；不理睬。【归纳拓展】ignorant adj.无知的；很无礼的ignorance n.无知He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the speed limit.他车开得很快，因为他不知道要限速。His failure resulted from ignorance.他的失败起因于他的无知。【牛刀小试】用ignore及其派生词的适当形式填空(1)I said hello to her，but she ignored me completely.(2)I was ignorant of the fact that the boss could be so strict.(3)We are in complete ignorance of his plans.(4)He ignores the doctors advice and goes on smoking.5. .and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.去某个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。【品味经典】Calm down；whats the matter?镇定点，怎么了？The teacher calmed her students down.老师让学生们镇定了下来。【自我探究】calm是动词，意为镇定，使平静下来；calm down意为平静下来；系动副搭配。【归纳拓展】calm也可用作形容词或名词。keep calm保持镇定When in trouble，she is calm.面对困境，她很沉着。The city was calm after the war.战后该城宁静了。They sat in the yard to enjoy the calm of the evening.他们坐在院子里享受这夜晚的宁静。Keep calm when in danger.身处危险时要保持镇定。【易混辨析单词意义区别calm用于人时，指内心平静；用于自然界时，形容风和日丽的天气或风平浪静的海洋。quiet用于人时，指生性安静的；用于自然界时，指没有干扰、喧闹或骚动。still表示暂时不动、静止，强调不作出动作。silent沉默的，主要指不说话或不喧闹。 When facing danger，one should keep calm；when taken photos，one should keep still；when someone else is asleep，one should keep quiet；in class，one shouldnt keep silent about the teachers questions.一个人面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的提问不应保持沉默。【牛刀小试】用calm，quiet，still和silent填空(1)Please be quiet.Dont make so much noise.(2)Stand still while I take a photo of you.(3)Whatever I asked him，Kerry still kept silent.(4)We must be calm in an emergency.(5)After the storm，the sea was calm.6. .you are concerned about him/her.你担心他/她【品味经典】Were rather concerned about fathers health.我们相当担心父亲的健康。I am concerned about my little brother.我关心我的小弟弟。【自我探究】concerned既是concern的过去分词，也可用作形容词，作表语或定语；be concernedabout意为关心，为而担心。【归纳拓展】concern v.影响；涉及；n.担心，忧虑；关心as far as.be concerned关于；至于；就而言be concerned over sth.be concerned about sth.为某事担忧；关心be concerned with/in牵涉到，与有关Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much.参与此事的人对此都深感遗憾。As far as I am concerned，I am against the plan.就我个人而言，我反对这计划。This matter concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.这件事对孩子们的健康成长影响极大。Its no concern of mine.这事与我无关。She showed great concern about you.她很为你担心。【牛刀小试】用适当的介词填空(1)He is said to have been concerned in the crime.(2)Rescuers were concerned about the safety of the men trapped in the floods.(3)The government expressed their concern for the life of the laidoff workers.(4)The fellow was concerned with the matter.7. While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.溜狗的时候，你很粗心让它松扣了并被车撞了。【品味经典】While reading the book，he laughed sometimes.读这本书时，他不时地大笑起来。When laughed at，he wants to cry.被嘲笑时，他想哭。If possible，hell leave tomorrow.可能的话，他明天走。【自我探究】句中的while walking the dogwhile you were walking the dog。while后省略了主语you和be动词were。when laughed atwhen he is laughed at，when后省略了主语he和be动词is。由此可见，when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且谓语含有be动词或为it is(was)形式，可省略从句中的主语和be或it is (was)。【归纳拓展】在条件状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有系动词be，也可省去从句中的主语和be动词。I wont go to her party，even if (Im) invited.即使受到邀请我也不去参加她的聚会。Once seen，itll never be forgotten.一旦见到，它将难以被忘记。【牛刀小试】句型转换(1)A：He fell asleep while he was reading.B：He fell asleep while reading.(2)A：When he was asked，he kept silent.B：When asked，he kept silent.(3)A：If it is necessary，Ill come.B：If necessary，Ill come.8. .，or would not understand what you are going through.或者并不理解你所经历的事情。【品味经典】Most families went through a lot in the war.战争中多数家庭经历过很多困难。I cant go through the letters in an hour.一个小时的时间我可审阅不完这些信。The plan didnt go through the CEO.这计划未被CEO接受。He has gone through all his money for his illness.他因病而花光了所有的钱。【自我探究】go through意为经历，经受；仔细查看；通过；用光，无被动语态。【归纳拓展】【牛刀小试】用适当的介、副词填空(1)The country has gone through too many wars since the ancient times.(2)Time goes off slowly.(3)The students are going over their lessons for the coming exam.(4)You shouldnt buy houses because their price is going up.(5)Human beings shouldnt go against nature to live.9.I dont want to set down a series of facts.我不想只是记下一系列的事实【品味经典】You dont have to set down all that our teacher said.你不必把老师讲的都记下来。How shall I set myself down in the hotel register?在旅馆的登记簿上，我应如何登记自己的身份呢？【自我探究】set down意为记下，写下，系动副搭配。【归纳拓展】【牛刀小试】(1)他不愿把老师说的记下来。He wouldnt set down what the teacher said.(2)她早饭后着手写报告并且中午就交上了。She set about the report after breakfast and handed it in at noon.(3)你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。If you want to catch that train，wed better set off for the station immediately.10. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。【品味经典】It was yesterday that I met Ann in the street. 我是昨天在街上遇见安的。It is he who is going to speak at the school meeting.是他要在校会上发言。It was in the street that I met my old friend yesterday.昨天我是在街上碰到了我的老朋友。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？【自我探究】本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，主句是I wonder，if引导的是宾语从句，其含有一个强调句型结构，其结构是It is/was被强调部分that从句。强调句型可对句中的主语、宾语、表语、状语等进行强调，若强调的主语是人，后面的that也可用who代替，可译为“正是”。【归纳拓展】(1)强调结构的一般疑问句是“Is/Was it.that.？”形式。Was it from Qing Hua University that he graduated?到底清华大学是不是他毕业的学校？(2)强调结构的特殊疑问句用“特殊疑问词is/was it that.？”形式。When was it that you met him?你到底是什么时候见到他的？(3)被强调部分是时间状语(从句)或地点状语(从句)时，不用when和where，而只能用that。It was last night that I saw your brother in the street.我是昨天晚上在街上见到你哥哥的。It was in the street that I saw your brother last night.昨天晚上我是在街上见到你哥哥的。(4)在强调句型中，要注意人称代词的使用。强调主语时，人称代词用主格；强调宾语时，人称代词用宾格。()It was her and me who went to see him yesterday.()It was she and I who went to see him yesterday.(强调主语)昨天是我和她去看的他。()It was he that she and I went to see yesterday.()It was him that she and I went to see yesterday.(强调宾语)昨天我和她去看的是他。11.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我非常清楚地记得，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。【品味经典】There was a time when men were valued more than women.曾经一度人们重男轻女。There were times when people hunt animals blindly.曾经一度人们盲目地捕猎动物。【自我探究】There is/was a time when.意为有一时期或有些时候，其中when引导的是定语从句。【归纳拓展】the time when.的那段时光We all remember the time when we were living in the farm.我们都记得生活在农场上的那段时光。【牛刀小试】(1)Do you know there was a time when they were good friends(他们曾经一度是好朋友)?(2)He forgot the time when he worked with her(和她一块工作的时光).12. .I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.直到11点半，我故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。【品味经典】moon by myself.直到11点半，我故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。He came here on purpose to tell you the truth.他来这儿专门告诉你真相。In order to catch up with others，you should try harder.为了赶上别人，你应更加努力。He hid himself among the trees in order not to be caught.为了不被逮住，他藏在树林中。【自我探究】on purpose意为故意地，与purposely同义，故意做某事为do sth.on purpose；in orderto意为为了，其后接动词原形，其否定形式为in order not to，在句中作的句子成分是目的状语。【归纳拓展】(1)for/with the purpose of为了/带着的目的A meeting was called for the purpose of making a decision.为做出一项决定而召开了会议。(2)动词不定式to do和so as to do在句中也作目的状语，其中so as to do一般不用在句首。(3)so that和in order that引导的是目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词一般用“could/may/might动词原形”。They started early so that/in order that they might arrive on time.他们为了按时到达很早就出发了。【牛刀小试】(1)他们去北京参加一个重要会议。They went to Beijng in order to attend an important meeting.(2)为了能赶上火车，他起得很早。In order to catch the train，he got up early.(3)为了不误早班车，他及早动身。In order not to miss the early bus，he set off as early as possible.13.But as the moon gave far too much light，I didnt dare open a window.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。【品味经典】The question is much too difficult for me.这个问题对我来说太难了。He drinks too much wine.他酒喝得太多。He talks too much.他话说得太多。Too much has been said on this subject.对于这个话题说得够多了。You have offered me too much.你给我的太多了。The work is too much for the boy.对于这个男孩来说，这活儿太多了。【自我探究】too much意为过多，太多，其中much是中心词，too对其进行修饰。much可作形容词，修饰不可数名词；可作副词，修饰动词；可作代词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。much too意为太，非常，其中too是中心词，是副词，常修饰形容词和副词。【牛刀小试】用too much，much too填空(1)Hes drunk too much wine，and he was much too puzzled what to do.(2)The price of the computers is much too high.(3)The lady spent too much money on the new clothes.(4)The trip is too much for the old man.14. .，it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚【品味经典】It is the first time that the boy has gone home alone.这是那个男孩第一次单独回家。This was the fourth time she had rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。This will be the tenth time that I have visited Jinan.这将是我第十次参观济南。They will debate face to face.他们将当面进行辩论。His dream was to meet his favourite pop star face to face.他心之向往的是要面对面地见见他心目中的歌星。【自我探究】Its the.time that.意为某人第次做。在该句式中，it也可换为this和that；若主句用一般过去时，that从句用过去完成时，若主句用一般现在时和将来时，从句用现在完成时。face to face意为面对面地，在句中作状语。【归纳探究】facetoface面对面的(相当于形容词，常作定语)hand in hand手拉手shoulder to shoulder肩并肩side by side肩并肩；一起arm in arm手挽手【牛刀小试】用所给的词或提示完成句子(1)Its the first time that he has written(write) a letter in English.(2)That was the third time that I had been(be) to Beijing.(3)Youd better talk face to face/have a facetoface talk(面对面地交谈) with Tom.课文译文赏析安妮最好的朋友你是不是想有一位能无话不谈推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了差不多25个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我的这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看她的心情吧。1944年6月15日星期四亲爱的基蒂：我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚令人伤心的是我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。你的安妮Section ThreeGra