2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题04 情态动词和虚拟语气

2020考前冲刺英语专题04 情态动词和虚拟语气 【高考预测】1.情态动词的词义辨析2.情态动词在对话情景中的用法3.情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构4.虚拟语气的一些特殊句式情态动词的一些习惯用法5.含有情态动词的反意疑问句【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 情态动词的词汇义辨析1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 这里表示“能够”的can。根据后文“她还不是很肯定”，那么应当是不肯定 A. should B. might C. would D. could【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 从后文看，本周不一定有时间去看 Tracy，是表示推测。如果把misht be的猜测弄混淆了，就会误选B.should可以表示“对可能发生事情的推测”。【正确解答】 A4. “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall【错误解答】 B或C【错解分析】 句意为“法官宣布:按照双方协议，利息被分作五个部分。”法官宣布的决定有法律效力，不得违背，而且表示说话人(及其所代表的一方)的决心、意志、允诺等，shall用于第二、三人称时，有此用法。must可译作“必须”，但只是一种主观要求，不具备shall的毋庸置疑的决定口气。【正确解答】 D5.(2020精选模拟) John, look at the time. _ you piano the piaho at such a late hour?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 根据句意“你一定要在这么晚的时候钢琴吗?”应该填must。【正确解答】 A【特别提醒】情态动词的基本用法I.can(could)may通采用，有时cannot可以表示 “禁止”，相当于“mustnt”,例如:May(Can)I help you?That sort of thing cant go on !You cant ( mustnt, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。There comes a man. Who can it be?It must be our English teacher.No, it cant be him. He has gone to America!He cant have gone there alone.4.could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是 could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。Could I borrow your English dictionary?Of course you can. Go ahead.may,might( might 为 may 的过去式)1.表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问或说的一件事可不可以做，有时可以用can互换。时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中.例如:Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.1.表示必须要做的事，意为“必须”，否定式 mustnt表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustnt，而用 neednt或donhave to.例如:Must I hand in the paper now?Yes,you must.No,you neednt./you dont have to.2.must在表示“必须”时与have to相近，have to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外 must不像have to那样能有更多的时态。例如:Tom, you must stay at home. (命令或叮嘱)I have to stay at home to look after my baby. (客观需要)3.表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”只用于“肯定句”中。例如:I think there must be a mistake.4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。例如:Hey, beys Must you shout so loudly?1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。例如:You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允许)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)You shall do as I tell you. (命令或分咐)Shall you go with me? (征询意见)2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如:Shall we begin our class?When shall my father be able to leave hospital?V. should 和 ought to例如:Dont worry. He will do his best.Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯)Accident will happen. ( 难免 )Would you please do me a favor?【变式探究】1 Coffee be drunk while it is hot.A. shall B. must C. will D. ought to答案: D解析:这里ought to表示“劝告或推荐”。2 Tell him that he have the book tomorrow afternoonA. shall B. will C. need D. dare答案: A解析:从句意判断，表示了“我”的承诺。Shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺、命令、警告”的含义。3 I lived with my uncle this summer and I didnt have to pay rent. So I _ save most of my salary.【正确解答】 C2.I dont mind telling you what I know.You. Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 前句话说:我不介意告诉你我所知道的事情。后句说:你没有必要告诉我，我并没有向你问此事:、因此，是没有必要neednt，而不是禁止的mustnt.【正确解答】 D3.Who is the girl standing over there?Well. If you _ know, her name is Mobile.A. may B. can C. must D. shall【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 may表示“可以”，can表示“能够”，shall表示“应该”，must表示“必须，一定”，从句意来看:如果你一定要知道的话，(我就告诉你吧)她的名字是Mobile.那么只有must符合了。【正确解答】 C4.(2020精选模拟)Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. cant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 本题考查shall的用法，在否定陈述句中，shall用于第二、三人称表示说话人的意愿，如“威胁”。语境表明:要填一个用于第二人称、表示说话者意图的情态动词。后句“要是你不细心使用，你就不可以 (cant)用我的电脑。”【正确解答】 A【特别提醒】情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别1.would与used to的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用Would代替。used to强调过去的行为同现在的 would rather do somethingwould do sth. rather than do sth.Would rather sb. did sth.prefer to do sth.Prefer to do sth. Rather than do sth.prefer to do sth. to doing sth.3.情态动词否定式所表达的含义may not,might not 或许不，可能不cant can not(= be not able to)不能说cant,can not 不可能may not,cant, can not, mustnt (= be not allowed to)不许可needt(= dont have to)不必shouldnt,oughtnt to (= be not supposed to)不应该【变式探究】1 Can I tell my best friend about it7No, I dont want anyone else to know it. You _ keep it to yourself.A. can B. need C. must D. may答案: C解析:后者的意思是不想别人知道，当然是“必须”了。2 Would you like to have a taxi?No, I _ walk there. Its such a lovely day.A. can B. ought to C. had better D. would rather答案: D解析:从Its such a lovely day.来看是“更愿意走到那儿。”3 Mum,why are you here?Ive brought your camera. I thought you _ use it.A. can B. should C. might D. will答案: C解析:用might表示某种可能性。【正确解答】 D2.(2020精选模拟)I 11 tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have toldC. must tell D. should have told【错误解答】 B或A【错解分析】 句意为:你上个星期就应该告诉她的。表示对过去应该做的事情但没有做的一种责备，那么只有D项符合了。【正确解答】 D3.(2020精选模拟)I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh,did you? You with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 题干中did you这个信息说明了是一个表示疑问语气的句子，而D项我觉秘胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。【正确解答】 C5.(2020精选模拟) Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well. He have gone far-his coat is still here.A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 根据后文“他的外套还在这儿”，应该是不会走远。cant have done表示一种肯定语气的推测。【正确解答】 C6. I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. They at least 150 km an hour.A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 本题是对过去发生事情的一种猜测，同时还强调警察追赶他时正在发生的情况，所以选B。【正确解答】 B【特别提醒】小结:“情态动词 +过去分词”用法1.must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。例如:It must have rained last night, for the ground was quite muddy.The lights were out. They must have been asleep.2.maymight have done表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经(没有)”。例如:You could have done better, but you were too careless.I went to New York last summer and stayed at a hotel, but I could have stayed with my brother.I saw his father just now. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai.5.shouldougt to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。例如:You should/ ought to have come to the meeting earlier.He ought not to have treated his parents like that.6.neednt have done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didnt need to表示”没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。例如:You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.I didnt need to clean the room. My mother did it.7.canhave done和can not have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如:He cannot have taken away the magazine.Can he have gone home?【变式探究】1 Did Mary come to the party?I dont know. She while I was out.A. may have come B. must have comeC. might come D. could come答案: A解析:would rather后的虚拟语气动词用过去式形式。2 We have been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane behind the timetable.A. must be B. will beC. would have been D. must have been答案: D解析:从前面时态提示，可以推出是对过去事情的推测，同时表示肯定之意。3 My aunt here by now, for she took the early bus.A. must arrive B. can arriveC. may arrive D. ought to have arrived答案: D【正确解答】 B2.(2020精选模拟) You didnt let me drive. If we_turn, you so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wonldnt have got【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 主句、从句两个部分都表示与过去事实相反。【正确解答】 D3.(2020精选模拟) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if itA. breaks B. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken【错误解答】 B根据语境这里用虚拟语气形式。【正确解答】 C【错误解答】 A4.(2020精选模拟) I would love _ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone【错解分析】 题干的意思是:昨晚我本来很想去参加晚会的，但我不得不加班完成一个例如:It is high time that you went to school.It is high time we should start out.I would rather they didnt hear of the news.3.在口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况要注意。如果是一般过去时，只保留did，could，were等助动词、情态动词或系动词如果是过去完成时，要保留had；如果是过去将来时，要保留wouldmight.同时还要注意被动情况。例如:Have you found the answer to the question?I wish I had( found the answer to the question).I cant go to Beijing with you, but I wish I would (go to Beijing with you).Have you finished your homework?I would have ( finished my homework) if I had not gone to the cinema last night.The liitle boy who dark the poison by mistake died if he had been sent to the hospital earlier.Well. he should have been (sent to the hospital earlier).4.if only和 only if 句型if only可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望,也可以表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如:If only I could swim.(现在的愿望)If only they would tell me what they have decided. (将来的愿望)If only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now. (与过去事实相反的愿望)(2)only if用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“只要，只有”。例如:Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.Only if a teacher has given permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.【变式探究】1 Shall I come tomorrow?Id rather you .A. didnt B. wont C. dont D. wouldnt答案: A2 Could I use your pen?Im sorry,it isnt here. Id get it for you _ could remember who last borrow it.A. except that B. now that C. if only D. even though答案: D解析: if only若是，要是。3 the sun, nothing on earth could live.A. Were it not to B. If it was not to C. If it were not for D. If it is not for答案: C解析:与现在事实相反的条件句。【难点突破】难点 1 情态动词的一些习惯用法1.We _ wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.A. might well B. might as wellC. could well D. should as well【解析】 may well和maymight as well后都接动词原形，是一种常用结构。Maywell+动词原形相当于 to be likely to，意为“(完全)能，很可能”。maymight as well + 动词原形相当于had better或to have no strong reason not to，意为“最好，不妨”。例如:You may well be proud of his daughter. 你大可为女儿骄傲You may well not recognize her, for she has changed a lot. 她变化太大了，你很可能认不出她。You may as well stay here over the night. 你最好留在这里过夜。Since its a fine day, we might as well walk.既然是好天气，我们不防走走。除此之外， cannot too/ enough “表示无论怎么也不过分”，“越 越好”；cannot but do sth.表示“不得不，只好”的含义。例如:You cannot be too careful.你怎么小心也不过分(你越小心越好)You cannot remember enough English words. 你记的英语单词汇越金越好。I could not but admire your bravery. 我不得不钦佩你的勇气。【答案】 B难点 2 含有情态动词的反意疑问句2.Better go to see my sick colleague right now, A. hadnt B. didnt C. dont D. wontThey need to do it, dont they?You dare not come, dare you?must表示“必须”时，附加疑问句用neednt或 mustnt。表示推测时，疑问部分要根据must后的谓语动词以及相对应的时态来确定。例如:You must be Mr.Zhang, arent you?You must have finished it, havent you/didnt you?He must have finished the work last night, didnt he?(有时间状语 last night, 不能用 hasnt he)【变式探究】1 He must be in the classroom,_A. mustnt B. cant C. isnt D. can答案: C解析:表示推测时，must的反意疑问部分根据谓语动词来确定。2 There used to be a high tower here, ?A. was there B. wasnt there C. used there D. usednt there答案: D解析:见used to的用法。3 look! Bob is carefully examine the electric lines.A. He should be too carefulB. He must be too carefulC. He cannot be too carefulD. He can be too careful答案: C解析:意为：他再怎么小心也不过分。【典型习题导练】graduate school.A. might have B. might have chosenC. had to choose D. must have chosen答案: B解析:表示“本可能，但没能够”。4 As long as you dont finish your homework, you_ go to the park.A. oughtnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. wont答案: C解析:shall表示“允诺、命令”。5 Is John coming by train?He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may答案: D解析:从后文知道可能性较小，may not符合。6 Wheres Tom? Hes late.He stuck in rush-hour traffic.A. must have had B. may have gotC. should have had D. cant have got答案: B9 We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday, he it.A. mustnt attend B. cant have attend C. would not have attended D. mustnt have attended答案: B解析:从We didnt see him看，是不可能已经参加。10 Its said that there are a lot of hotels in that city.There _ be any difficult for you to find somewhere to stay.A. mustnt B. neednt C. wouldnt D. shouldnt答案: D解析:从题干看，找地方住“不应该”有困难。11 You _ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.A. ought to come B. could comeC. ought to have come D. must have come答案: C表示“过去应该怎样但没有”。12 What about going to concert tomorrow evening?Thatll depend on my work, but it be a suitable time for me.A. must B. might C. should D. will答案: B解析:从题干的前文看，“明晚听音乐会”是“不肯定”的，故用might表示推测。13 the plane have taken off on time?Im afraid not. The fog was too thick then?A. Can B. Need C. Must D. Should答案: A解析:can用在否定句或疑问句中表示猜测。14 I was cold and hungry at that very moment it _begin to snow.A. should B. must C. may D. can答案: A17 Did you listen to the speech?No,we _ it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.A. could have attended B. must have attendedC. could attend D. shouldnt have attended答案: A解析:与过去事实相反。18 You _ have a new dress for your birthday, Joyce.Thank you, mum.A. ought to B.have to C. shall D. must答案: C解析:shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺、警告、禁止”等。19 I saw Mr. Smith at the West Beijing Station this morning.You. Hes still on holiday in Hawaii.A. couldnt have B. mustnt have C. shouldnt D. neednt答案: A解析:完整结构是You couldnt have seen Mr.Smith.,表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测。20 I couldnt get through. Someone the telephone.A. may be using B. may have usedC. must have been using D. must be using答案: C22 But Stella has to work,_?A. oughtnt she B. mustnt sheC. wont she D. doesnt she答案: D解析:have to结构要用助动词do进行疑问和否定。23 Did you walk all the way home by yourself?Yes, I did. But I guess l _A. neednt B. neednt haveC. shouldnt D. may not have答案: B解析:表示过去做了没有必要做的事。24 He was driving so fast that he could have had an accident. We understand that .A. he didnt have an accident though he was driving very fastB. an accident happened, and it was caused by his fast drivingC. if he had been driving very fast, he would have had an accidentD. be washt driving fast enough to avoid an accident答案: A解析:前句是虚拟假设表示与过去事项实相反。25 Lucy _ have been to Marys wedding. They are the best friends.But she for some reason, because Mary asked us why Lucy had missed her wedding.A. would; couldnt B. should; cantC. must; wasnt able to D. must; might not答案: C解析:前者表示对“过去”的肯定 推测，后者指“过去”没能去。26 I tried to call on Mr. Wang last week, but his dog simply _ not let me go through the gate.A. would B. should C. might D. could28 He learnt nothing in the class. He _ stay at home.A. may B. might as well C. would D. should答案: B解析:miglt as well表示“最好，不妨”。29 Always the old lady _ sit for hours doing nothing at all.A. was used to B. would C. used to D. should答案: B解析:表示“过去习惯动作”。30 _ it would be silly to argue any longer.A. Was that true B. If that was trueC. Should that be true D. Could that be true答案: C解析:省略if的虚拟句形式。31 We are told that Mike had another car accident this morning.I dont believe so. He so careless.A. shouldnt have been B. wouldnt have beenC. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been答案: C解析:表示“过去不大可能发生的事情”。32 I am surprised that he in the match.A. should fail B. should have failedC. would have failed D. may have failed答案: A解析:should用来表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩，would，may则不能。此处是现在35 You pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannot B. should C. must D. neednt答案: C38 So you mean I have been too strict with you?Well, if I _ say so.A. must B. dare C. need D. may答案: A解析:may表示“可以”。39 I dont mind telling you what I know.You . Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt答案: A解析:neednt不必要。40 As a soldier, you_ do as the head tells you.A. will B. shall C. may D. ought答案: A43 So you hove to leave now?Yes,I _ .How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!A. have to B. ought to C. do D. hove答案: A解析:用什么问用什么回答。44 You must do as I tell you.Oh,I must, ?A. should I B. ought I C. mustnt I D. must I答案: D解析:带有讽刺的感情色彩。45 Researching findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every nigt, no matter what we _ during the day.A. should hovp done B. would hove doneC. must hove done D. may hove done答案: D解析:表示过去做过什么。46 Is there any flight to Tokyo this morning?I think there , for the weather is too bad.A. may not be B. shouldnt be C. cant be D. mustnt be答案: C解析:根据后文是语气肯定的推测，cant符合。47 Which , bread or rice? will do.A. had you hotter eat; Both B. would you like; AllC. do you like most; None D. would you rather hove