高中英语 UNIT ONE知识点汇总 新人教版必修1

英语必修1 UNIT ONE - -UNIT FIVE重点词汇巩固1. survey 概述make a general survey of 纵观某事（名词）民意调查，民意测验 make a survey of 调查某事（名词）审视，查看 survey the situation（动词）CCTV made a survey of public opinion about the poisonous milk powder.2. add 增加，增添，补充说（动词）addition(加法) additional（附加的，另外的）His whole income added up to no more than 1000yuan per monthThe visitor expressed his satisfaction with his talks , adding that he enjoyed his stay here.3. calm 使平静（动词） 平静的，无风浪的，沉着的（名词）Though he was angry at the boys rudeness, he calmed himself and talked to him patiently.4. ignore 忽视不予理睬(ignorant 无知的，不知道的be ignorant of /about sth对某事不知道) ignorance 无知 （名词）We cant afford to ignore his advice.The best way to deal with an impolite person is to ignore him.5. upset 使不安，打乱，弄翻，使不舒服（动词）心烦意乱的（不放名词前）不舒服的，（计划等）搅乱的，The bad news upset him. He didnt finish the work on time and was fired by the company ,he was upset about it6. concern涉及，关系到，参与，使担心concern oneself with/in 从事、参与、干涉 concern oneself about/for 因为。担心某人 concern sb/sth 关心 as/so far as be concerned 就。而言as concerns =concerning 关于 feel/show concern about /for 担心，挂念be concerned with 与。有关的 be concerned about /for 关心The matter concerns the interest of the people. As far as English is concerned ,he is first in our class.The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for their own interests.7. walk 步行（不及物动词）陪伴。走，牵着。走（及物动词）8. cheat 骗子（名词）欺骗（cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 cheat sb into the belief that。 骗某人相信 cheat sb into doing 骗某人做）；作弊，舞弊We should be careful of cheats who often cheat some poor men into believing them.He was caught cheating in an exam9reason 理由，原因，理性the reason for ;reason why/that 因为。的原因/the reason is thatWhat do you think of the reason which he explained in his letter for refusing his job?We want to know the reason why fewer and fewer students are interested in class.9. crazy 疯狂的，愚蠢的，着迷的 be crazy to do , be crazy on/about doing , be crazy for 渴望 be crazy with 因。而发疯 drive sb crazy /mad 使某人发疯 crazily 副词craziness名词Its crazy of you to go out in such hot weather.10. list 表，目录，名单（make a list of 列。表 stand first on the list 名列前茅 take .off the list 从表上去掉 a price list 价目表）列表、把。编列成表as listed above 如上所列11. All the phone numbers including his are listed on the directory.12. While 当。时（连词，介词） 然而（连词） 瞬间、片刻（名词）13. series 系列，连串，套（单复数不变）A series of TV play is on Channel 4 these days.13.point 点，论点，观点，地点，意义，得分，小数点（名词）指示，指着，削尖（动词(point at/to 指着 point sth at/towards 以某物瞄准或对准 point out 指出 be on the point of doing 正要做there is no point of doing 没有必要做to the point 中肯的，得要领的，off the point 离题的，point of view 观点，着眼点)Point at 指非善意的指着 point to 强调指向或证据表明There seemed to be no point in talking about it any further.I was on the point of hanging up the receiver when he answered it.The clock hands pointed to 12.14. purpose 目的（名词）with the purpose of doing 目的是。（暗示目的能实现） on purpose 故意的 for the purpose of 目的是（目的能否实现还不知道）For what purpose did he tell me his phone number?Everybody can see that he did it on purpose not by chance.15. dare 敢于，敢于面对（常用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中）He didnt dare (to ) speak to him./ He darent speak to him.Does he dare( to) speak to him? Dare he speak to him?suffer 遭受（痛苦，疾病，寒冷，饥饿，损失等）忍受suffer from 苦于，患。病suffer pain 遭受痛苦suffer defeat 遭受失败 sufferings 痛苦，苦难（名词）The old lady is always talking about her sufferings in the old days.Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.16. advice 建议（不可数名词，suggestion 可数名词）a piece of advice ,give/offer advice to sb, 给某人提供建议ask sb for advice 征求某人的建议,follow /take/ act on sbs advice 听从某人的建议，advice on/about关于。方面的建议advise sb to do sth ,advise sb that sb (should )do , advise sb on 对于。给某人建议advise sth /doing 建议 advise sb against 劝告某人不要Did you give your father any advice? Yes ,I advise he give up smoking. What good piece of advice he offered us!17. communicate 交流，交际，沟通,传达，取得联系communication信息，通讯，交际（名词）communicate sth to sb 将某事通知某人 communicate with sb 与某人联系/交流 in communication with sb 与某人交流We can communicate with people in every part of the world through the Internet.18. avoid 避免，防止，回避 avoid sth /sb /doingHe was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to avoid storming into the bosss office.19. get 使役动词， 使某人或某物处于某种状态get sb to do , 使某人做某事=have/make/let sb do get sb/sth doing使。持续做某事 get sth done 使 。被。make sb do ;make sth done; have sb do ;have sb doing ;have sth done20. finish 完成 finish doing /sth21. before强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前“不等。就。”Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就量好了。在“It+be+时间段+before从句”意为“。之后才。”It will be ten years before we can meet again.十年之后我们才能见面在“It +be 的否定形式+long+before从句”意为“。不久就。”It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事。22. with +复合宾语结构：with so many clothes on; with her nose red23. power 体力，智力，能力(have the power to do 有能力做)统治，政权(come to power当选)动力，电力(shortage of power 电力不足) powerful强大的 powerfully强有力地 powerless无力的，软弱的powerlessly无力地，软弱地in power执政 lose power丧失政权 a power struggle 权利斗争 take/seize power掌握政权 world power 世界列强 a super power 超级大国 power failure停电 power plant/station 电厂 beyond/out of sbs power 某人力所不及的区别：power 用于各种身心的隐藏的外显的力。Strength 体力 force 常做势力是外部展示出来的力 energy 精力 ability能力24复合形容词：形容词+名词+ed: middle-aged warm-hearted形容词+doing: good-looking easy-going副词+doing: hard-working well-meaning 善意的名词+doing: peace-loving English-speaking名词+done: man-made heart-left由衷的副词+done: well-educated newly-built newly-married名词+形容词: snow-white life-long数词+名词+形容词: twelve-year-old 100-metre-long数词+名词+ed: three-legged one-eyed数词+名词: ten-speed second-hand24. however 然而，但是，不论。25. over 在。期间； 一边。一边。； 超过； 结束；在。上方Lets talk about it over a cup of tea. Can you stay over Christmas? Great changes have taken place over the years.26. base 以。为根据（base.on/upon .以。为基础）根基，基础，根据地（名词）A textbook based on a new method of teaching physics was mailed. We camped at the base of the mountain27. present 现在的，当前的（前置定语）出席的（后置定语）礼物（名词）赠送，介绍，呈递（动词）be present at the meeting 出席会议 be present to 出现在 be present to mind 放在心上 at present 目前，现在 make a present of sth to sb/make sb a present of/ present sth to sb /present sb with sth 把某物赠给某人All the people present at the meeting were his fans.A vivid picture is present to his eyes.28.close 关上（动词）亲密的（形容词）close to(靠近)Closely （紧密地）强调抽象意义上的紧紧地 close(紧密地)强调距离上的紧密Someone followed close behind me. This problem is closely connected with that one28. rule 统治，支配，管辖（动词）规则，习惯（名词）To my disappointment, silence ruled the meeting room.29. expect (理所当然的)期待，预料，预期expect sb to do 期望某人做 expect that从句 expect sth 预料某事 expect to do 想要做 I expect so. 我想是这样的 I dont expect so 或 I expect not 我想不是这样的expect 这句要指心理状态含有期盼之意wait for 指一种行动，特别指什么也不干而专门等待He expected to get some cards for his birthday30.request 请求，要求（名词，动词） request sth of/from sb 向某人请求某物 request sb to do sth 请求某人做 request that sb (should) do 请求。 at sbs request 或 at the request of sb 应某人之请求 be in 有需要，受欢迎 on/upon request 一经请求The teacher requested all the students finish the exercises before the class was over.Visitors are requested not to touch the mand命令，掌握（名词，动词） have a (good)command of 精通。command that sb (should)do 命令。at sbs command 随心所欲的 be in command of 统帅 be under sbs command /be under the command of sb 由。指挥 command sb to do 命令某人做What a good command of Japanese he has!He commanded that we not leave the classroom before he returned.32 polite 有礼貌的 be polite to sb 对某人礼貌 Its polite of sb to do sth 某人做某事是礼貌的 polite in manners 举止优雅 naturally polite 自然而有礼貌的 You accepted my offer just to be polite ,didnt you?33.such/so: Such与no, all ,most, some, many.another, much,a few, little ,等词连用时应放在这些词之后SO 与many,few.little,much 等连用时放在这些词之前34.recognize 辨认出，承认，公认 recognize sbs voice辨认出某人的声音 be recognized as 被承认是 recognize sb to be 承认某人是 recognize that 承认。 Oh,its you ,I didnt recognize you.35.direction 方向，指示（复数）说明书 in one direction 朝某一方向 in all directions 朝四面八方 under the direction of sb 或 under sbs direction在某人的指导下 in/from the direction of 朝着。方向 according to sbs directions根据某人的指示 follow/obey/listen to sbs direction 听从某人的教导 keep sbs direction in mind记住某人的指示 Im not good at dancing ,but Im learning under his direction.36.tell the truth 说实话 tell the secret 说出秘密 tell a lie 说谎 tell a story 讲故事 tell sth from sth把。与，区别开来 tell the difference between sth and sth 说出，之间的区别Tell sb to do ,tell sb of/about sth, tell sb not to do, tell sb that 从句，tell sb +wh从句37.standard标准 ，水准，规范by standard 按。标准 standard of living 生活水平 up to standard达到标准 ； 标准的，普通的， a car of standard size 标准大小的汽车 This teacher sets high standards for his pupils.38.help sth帮助 help sb with sth 帮助某人做 help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做 help(to )do 有助于 help oneself to sth 随便吃 cant help doing 禁不住做 cant help( to )do 不能帮助做 cant help but do 不由自主的，不得不做 help out 帮助（解决困难） Helpful 有用的 helpfully 有用地 helpless 无助的 helping辅助的39.imagine sth ；imagine doing； imagine that/wh- 从句； imagine sb to be ； imagine sb doing :Teachers cant imagine a student like him cheating in the exam.40.graduate 毕业生（名词）准予毕业，毕业（动词）graduate from 毕业于。学校graduate in 毕业于。专业 graduation 毕业（名词）She still remember the university from which he graduated 5 years ago.They are the graduates who graduated from Wuhan University and now are playing an important role in our company.41.finally 最终 ，终于 final 最后的42.insist 坚持，坚持认为insist on/upon sth/doing insist on/upon sbs doing insist that sb (should) doI insisted that a doctor be sent foe immediately. Insist “坚持主张”时后面句子用虚拟语气但意为“坚持一种说法或事实”时用陈述句语气 He insisted that he had done nothing wrong and be set free.43.though 虽然，尽管（although , even though ）although , even though引导的状语从句放主句之前，而though引导的状语从句既可放主句之前也可放主句之后，另外though可单独使用意为“可是，然而”he said he would come ,he didnt though.(有了though，although , even though的句子不能再用but, however)44.once 一旦，引导条件状语从句Once you try it ,you will be interested in it.一次，曾经I know him once at a party,but I havent seen him since then.45.through 表示动作从空间穿越； across动作从表面横跨，over指越过较高物体从一侧到另一侧。Past指从旁边经过，他们都是介词。Pass, cross 是动词Pass指旁边经过或传递；cross指横穿。We couldnt get across the river because the bridge had been washed away by the floods.We were able to travel through the forest with the help of the 旅行（远距离长时间的，没有具体的目的和方向，可做名词和动词）；运转，移动Trip(短距离且直接到目的地的旅行或出差比较通俗)Tour（侧重观光，常有最后回到出发地的意思，可做名词。动词）Journey（使用范围广，常指距离远的陆地旅行）Voyage（指海上或空中旅行）He has travelled all over America many times in his life. Mr Black is on his journey to Shanghai.We are planning to make a trip to the Great Wall. Im going on a shopping tour.47.mind意见，想法 change sbs mind改变主意 have sth in mind记得某事 make up sbs mind 下定决心 have no mind to do无意做，不想做 read sbs mind 看出某人的心思 speak sbs mind直言不讳He offered just what I dreamed about as if he read my mind.48.fun 娱乐，快乐，有趣的人（不可数名词）be fond of fun 喜欢开玩笑have fun玩的开心 in/for fun 开玩笑的be full of fun 好玩 make fun of 取笑 Its much /great fun to do做。有趣You had a party yesterday in Marys.The party was fun, wasnt it?49.感官动词see, watch, feel ,notice, look at, hear, observe, listen to,后面的结构可以是sb do sth / sb doing sth表示一个动作的全过程用前者，表示一个动作正在进行的部分过程用后者They had seen her grow up from childhood. I saw the train coming into the station.当以上感官动词用于被动语态时，后面原本接动词原形的情况要变成接to do ,但接doing 形式的不变。50.连系动词 stay , become, get, grow, turn, appear, keep, seem, go 这些词后接形容词构成系表结构，并且这些词不用于被动语态。 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for a few days.51.record 记录，记载（动词）记录，唱片（名词）make a record 录制唱片 set a record 创记录 break a record 打破记录 keep a record 保持记录 keep a record of 记载 a recorded programme 录制的节目You should keep a record of the important language points that youve learned.52.similar 相似的 be similar to =the same .as. 与。相似Sorry to have taken, your umbrella by mistake.Its because mine is similar to yours.53.separate 分开，分手（动词） 个别的，独自的，分离的（形容词）When we separated after a long talk, we found the children sleeping in separate beds.54.afford 支付得起，负担的起常与can, could ,be able to连用表示有足够的时间，钱，地方后接名词或动词不定式。He said he could hardly afford to waste that golden time.55.worth值得的 be (well)worth sth /doing值得。 be worthy of sth/being done 值得。 be worthy to be done 值得 Its worthwhile doing/to do 做某事是值得的56.it ,one ,that 表指代It 特指上文提过的同一事物或人，可数不可数都可替代，复数用THEMOne 泛指上文提过的某类事物或人中的一个，只替代可数名词，前面可以用this, that, each,或形容词修饰，复数用onesThat常用于比较级中替代前面出现过的可数或不可数名词，复数用those,不指人The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Wuhan. Your question is a difficult one.I lost a watch,and I havent found it yet.57. when / while / aswhen 可表瞬间时间段，与主句动作同时或先后发生。while 用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生as强调动作同时发生，意“边。边。”While I read ,she sang. When leaving the airport , he waved again and again to me. She laughed as she spoke.58.chance :get the chance to do =have the chance to do =have/get the chance of doing,有机会做某事stand a good chance很有可能 ,take the chance,把握机会 miss a chance,错过机会 the chance of a life time,千载难逢的机会 take a chance ,冒险by chance=by accident意外的59.persuade sb说服某人 persuade sb to do sth=perauade sb into doing,成功的说服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do=persuade sb out of doing,说服某人不做某事persuade sb of sth, 使某人相信某事persuade sb that使某人相信60.care about=care for 关心，照料（因为某事重要产生兴趣或忧虑）care to do 愿意做care for 喜欢，对.感兴趣61.determine 决定 下决心，determine sth, determine that, determine on/upon, determine wh- to do. Determine sb to do, 使某人下决心做be determined to do 强调决心的状态，是延续性动作可以和段时间连用determine to do强调决心的动作不能和段时间连用Weather determines the crops. She determined that she would never see him again.(过去将来时态)He determined on proving his friends innocence.62.mind 主意，想法，头脑，介意change one s mind改变主意 be in/of two minds,拿不定主意 be of the same mind,意见一致 give ones mind to 注意 keep ones mind on专心于 take ones/sbs mind off 转移.的注意力 bear/keep sth in mind 记住某事 bring /call sth to mind 回忆某事 put sb in mind of sth使某人想起某事Out of sight, out of mind眼不见，心不烦63.seem ,看上去，看起来seem to be +adj/n/prep/doing, seem to do /to have done/to be doing, it seems that .it seems as if /as though , there seems to be seem like +nHe seems to have caught a cold. She seemed to be in a hurry. It seemed that everyone was satisfied.It seemed as if he was the first to come .there seems to be something wrong with the machine.64.shake 摇动，震动，挥动shake hands with sb shake ones head shake sb by the hand =shake sbs hand give a shake a shake of the head be shaken by/with/at The frightened boy said something to his mother with his body shaking. Who is the comrade that you just shook a hand with?65.burst 破裂，爆裂burst forth,突然出现 burst into, 突然闯入burst out, 大声喊叫burst upon,（思想）突然出现 burst with, 充满a burst of anger发怒, burst into sth 突然 burst out doing突然When she heard te funny news,she burst into laughter.Every time he thought of his past ,he couldnt help burst out crying66.destroy 严重毁坏，使之不负存在或无法修复Damage一般指损坏后价值或效益降低，这种损坏时部分性的Ruin (in ruins, fall into ruins)毁灭摧毁，指某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度（可表示“废墟”）Hurt 指肉体上精神上的伤害（普通用语）Harm 损害（常用于短语do harm to）Injure 损害健康。成就，容貌强调功能的丧失（用于交通事故）Wound刀伤枪伤皮肉之伤There is an interesting old ruin on top of the hill. The flood caused great damage to the city. Fire destroyed a few stores in the business districe. Have you hurt your back.67.reach 到达，够得着out of the reach of sb=out of sbs reach, within the reach of sb=within sbs reach, above/beyond sb reach = above/beyond the reach of sb reach a conclusion reach an agreement68.shock 吃惊，惊叹 be shocked at doing sth/sth be shocked to do (surprised ,pleased,thrilled)All of the people present felt shocked at the shocking news.69.cover 覆盖，报道，走完。路程，包括hace an area of ,cover an area of, be covered with/by cover.with .She will stay there, covering the whole game.70 quake 地震，颤抖，震动,earthquake area, earthquake wave, earthquake safe, earthquake predition71.die out 灭绝，逐渐消失die off相继死去 die of 死于内因die from 死于外因 die away（风，声音）逐渐退去 be dying for渴望 die for 因。而死 be dying for 渴望 die down 慢慢变弱The tiger is in danger of dying out. The patience of children working in factories has nearly died out.72.north ,northern, northwest,northeast, to the north of, in the north ofIn/on/to in表示在境内 on 表与境界相接 to 表示在境界外His birthplace lies on the Mississippi. North of the town stood a leaning tower in the pastLand to the east of the Urals is called Asia,land to the west ,Europe.73.last 上一个，最后的，持续The food can last us three days. The coat has lasted me for years,and we have become good friends.74.end 结束，尽头，结尾 at an end ,at the end of ,in the end ,by the end of end upWe had planned 3000 trees by the wend of March. wash your hands at the end of the experiment.75.happen 发生happen to sth, happen to do ,碰巧做。 it (so) happens that,碰巧We havent heard from Bob for a long time, what do you think has happened to her?When my wife asked me to pay the bill. I found I happened to have no money on me.It so happened that the famous actor was her ud ,自豪的be/feel proud of/about, take pride in, pride oneself uponYoud better not hurt his pride, he is the pride of his parents.77.honourDo honour to .in honour of it is an honour to hear you speak so highly of me.All of the villagers came out to receive me as an honoured guest.78break ,break up 打碎，驱散，破裂，散会.break away(from)打破，脱离 break down 分解，垮掉 break off 休息一下，结束，突然停止说话break in闯入，打断 break into 闯入 break out 突然发生、爆发 break through 突破without a break,不停地take a break休息Her room was broken into last night, and almost everything valuable was stolen.He couldnt understand Mrs Liu and broke away from her school.79.judge 判定 ，裁判 judgment （名词） make judgment about对。做出判决 pass judgment on 判决judging by/from根据。来判定Judging by what he wore, he must have had