The-brain-stem---山东大学医学院人体解剖学教研室

Thebrainstem,山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华,Thebrain,Telencephalon端脑Diencephalon间脑Cerebellum小脑Brainstem脑干,Thebrainstem脑干,ConsistsofMidbrain中脑Pons脑桥Medullaoblongata延髓,Medullaoblongata延髓,VentralsurfacePyramid锥体:containpyramidaltract(corticospinaltract)Decussationofpyramid锥体交叉:formedbycrossingfibersofcorticospinaltractOlive橄榄:producedbyunderlyinginferiorolivarynucleusAnterolateralsulcus前外侧沟:rootletsofhypoglossalnerveemergefromitRetroolivarysulcus橄榄后沟:rootletsofglossopharyngeal,vagusandaccessorynervesemergefromit,Medullaoblongata延髓,DorsalsurfaceLowerportionGraciletubercle薄束结节:producedbyunderlyinggracilenucleusCuneatetubercle楔束结节:marksthesiteofcuneatenucleusInferiorcerebellarpeduncle小脑下脚Obex闩Upperportion:formsthelowerhalfofrhomboidfossa,Pons脑桥,VentralsurfaceBasilarpart基底部Basilarsulcus基底沟Bulbopontinesulcus延髓脑桥沟:frommedialtolateral,theabducent,facialandvestibulocochlearnervesappearMiddlecerebellarpeduncle小脑中脚Trigeminalnerve三叉神经Pontocerebellartrigone脑桥小脑三角:thejunctionofmedulla,ponsandcerebellum,Pons脑桥,DorsalsurfaceSuperiorcerebellarpeduncle小脑上脚Superiormedullaryvelum前髓帆Trochlearnerve滑车神经,Midbrain中脑,VentralsurfaceCruscerebri大脑脚底Interpeduncularfossa脚间窝oculomotornervesemergefrommedialofcruscerebriPosteriorperforatedsubstance后穿质,Midbrain中脑,DorsalsurfaceSuperiorcolliculus上丘constitutecentersforvisualreflexesInferiorcolliculus下丘associatedwithauditorypathwayBrachiumofsuperiorcolliculi上丘臂Brachiumofinferiorcolliculi下丘臂,Fourthventricle第四脑室,PositionSituatedventraltocerebellum,anddorsaltoponsandcranialhalfofmedulla,Centralcanalfourthventriclemesencephalicaqueductthirdventricle,BoundariesInferolateral:gracileandcuneatetubercles,inferiorcerebellarpeduncleSuperolateral:superiorcerebellarpeduncleLateralrecess,FeaturesMediansulcus正中沟Sulcuslimitans界沟Vestibulararea前庭区overliesvestibularnucleiAcoustictubercle听结节overlyingdorsalcochlearnucleusMedialeminence内侧隆起Striaemedullares髓纹,Facialcolliculus面神经丘:overliesnucleusofabducentn.andgenuoffacialnerveHypoglossaltriangle舌下神经三角:verlyinghypoglossalnucleusVagaltriangle迷走神经三角:overliesdorsalnucleusofvagusnerveFuniculusseparans分隔索Areapostrema最后区Locusceruleus蓝斑,RoofAnteriorpart:formedbysuperiorcerebellarpeduncleandsuperiormedullaryvelumPosteriorpart:formedbyinferiormedullaryvelumandchoroidplexusoffourthventricleThreeaperturesMedianapertureoffourthventricle第四脑室正中孔Twolateralaperturesoffourthventricle第四脑室外侧孔,Telachoroideaandchoroidplexus脉络丛和脉络组织,Internalstructures,GraymatterCranialnervenucleiRelaynuclei,Generalsomaticmotornuclei一般躯体运动核,Nucleusofoculomotorn.动眼神经核Nucleusoftrochlearn.滑车神经核Nucleusofabducentn.展神经核Nucleusofhypoglossaln.舌下神经核,Generalsomaticmotornuclei,Specialvisceralmotornuclei特殊内脏运动核,Motornucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经运动核Nucleusoffacialn.面神经核Nucleusambiguus疑核Accessorynucleus副神经核,Specialvisceralmotornuclei,Generalvisceralmotornuclei一般内脏运动核,Accessoryoculomotornucleus动眼神经副核Superiorsalivatorynucleus上泌涎核Inferiorsalivertorynucleus下泌涎核Dorsalnucleusofvagusn.迷走神经背核,Generalvisceralmotornuclei,Visceralsensorynuclei(generalandspecial),Nucleusofsolitarytract孤束核,Visceralsensorynuclei(generalandspecial),Generalsomaticsensorynuclei,Mesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经中脑核Pontinenucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经脑桥核Spinalnucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经脊束核,Generalsomaticsensorynuclei,Specialsomaticsensorynuclei,Cochlearnuclei蜗神经核Vestibularnuclei前庭神经核,Specialsomaticsensorynuclei,Gracilenucleus薄束核Cuneatenucleus楔束核Inferiorolivarynucleus下橄榄核Superioroliverynucleus上橄榄核Pontinenucleus脑桥核Nucleusofinferiorcolliculus下丘核Graymatterlayersofsuperiorcolliculus上丘灰质层Rednucleus红核Substantianigra黑质Pretectalarea顶盖前区,Relaynuclei传导中继核,Non-cranialnervenuclei,Whitematter,AscendingtractsMediallemniscus内侧丘系Spinallemniscus脊髓丘系Trigeminallemniscus三叉丘系Laterallemniscus外侧丘系,Mediallemniscus内侧丘系,Spinallemniscus脊髓丘系,Trigeminallemniscus三叉丘系,Descendingtracts,Corticospinaltract皮质脊髓束Rubrospinaltract红核脊髓束Tectospinaltract顶盖脊髓束Vestibulospinaltract前庭脊髓束Reticulospinaltract网状脊髓束,Laterallemniscus外侧丘系,Reticularformationofbrainstem,Ascendingreticularactivatingsystem(ARAS)上行网状激动系统MotorcentralandvitalcentresReticulospinaltractCardiovascularcenterandrespiratorycenterSerotonergicraphealnuclei,Thecharactersofinternalstructureofbrainstem,Medullaoblongata,Lowerpart(closedpart)TwodecussationsDecussationsofmediallemniscusDecussationsofpyramid,Medullaoblongata,Upperpart(openpart)AppearanceofinferiorolivarynuculeusandinferiorcerebellarpeduncleEnlargementofcentralcanaltoformthefourthventriclefloor,Pons,Tegmentumofpons脑桥被盖directedupwardcontinuationofmedullaoblongataBasilarpart基底部containbothlongitudinalandtransversefibersintermixedwithpontinenuclei,Midbrain,Rectumofmidbrain中脑顶盖:includessuperiorandinferiorcolliculiCerebralpeduncle