霞霞英语时态初课件.ppt

Welcomeyou!,英语时态,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时和将来完成时经常考到.,一般现在时,用法：经常性的和习惯性的动作常用时间状语：usually,sometimes,inspring,everyday,inthemorning动词构成：动词原型.work动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）works否定构成：dont+动原doesnt+动原一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes,Ido.Does+主语+动原+其它？No,hedoesnt.特殊疑问举例：WhatdoyouoftendoonSundays?Wheredoeshelive?注意：start,leave,go,come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.,1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯性的动作或状态。Itsnowsinwinter.Iwatchtelevisioneveryday.,2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.Mostanimalskillonlyforfood.Theworldisround.,3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在存在的一种情况。Ihaveonlyadollarrightnow.Heneedsapenrightnow.注：这些动词不能用于进行时。,一般现在时的动词形式：动词原形1.am;is;are2.have,has3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s,肯定句：Iwatchtelevisioneveryday.否定句：Idontwatchtelevisioneveryday.疑问句：Doyouwatchtelevisioneveryday.,Itsnowsinwinter.Itdoesntsnowinwinter.Doesitsnowinwinter?,现在进行时用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作常用时间状语：now,thesedays动词构成：am/is/are+现在分词(-ing)am/is/areworking否定构成：am/is/are+not+现在分词一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其它？Yes,Iam(heis.)No,theyarent特殊疑问举例：Whatareyoudoingnow?Whoisflyingakitethere?注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的进行时有时表示即将发生的动作。,1.现在进行时表示一项活动在说话时(或较长时间）正在进行。JohnandMaryaretalkingonthephone.,2.进行时的将来用法：Whenareyouleaving?=Whenwillyouleave?,JohnandMaryaretalkingonthephone.JohnandMaryarenottalkingonthePhone.AreJohnandMarytalkingonthephone?,现在进行时中动词形式：amis+-ingare1、do-doing2、live-living3、重读闭音节sit-sittingdrop-dropping以ie结尾die-dyinglie-lying,Sheiswritinganotherbookthisyear.并不表示说话的时候她正拿着笔坐在书桌前。,1.Diane(wash)_herhaireveryotherdayorso.2.Kathyusually(sit)_inthefrontrowduringclass,buttodayshe(sit)_inthelastrow.,washes,sits,issitting,3.(Lock,you,always)_thedoortoyourapartment(公寓)whenyouleave?4.Iwrotetomyfriendlastweek.Shehasntansweredmyletteryet.I(wait,still)_forareply.,Doyoualwayslock,amstillwaiting,5.Everymorning,thesun(shine)_inmybedroomwindowand(wake)_meup.,shines,wakes,6.A:Look!It(snow)_.B:Itsbeautiful!ThisisthefirsttimeIveeverseensnow.It(snow,not,often)_inmycountry.,issnowing;doesnotoftensnow,7.Mikeisastudent,buthe(go,not)_toschoolrightnowbecauseitssummer.He(attend)_collegefromSeptembertoMayeveryyear,butinthesummershe(have,usually)_ajobatthepostoffice.Infact,he(work)_therethissummer.,doesntgo;attends;usuallyhas;isworking,8.Pleasebequiet.I(try)_toconcentrate.9.Afterthreedaysofrain,Imgladthatthesun(shine)_againtoday.,amtrying;isshining,-Isthisraincoatyours?-No,mine_therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung,现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生的动作或状态。,-CanIhelpyou,sir?-Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_.didntworkwontworkcantworkdoesntwork,-CanIjointheclub,Dad?-Youcanwhenyou_abitolder.getwillgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot,Mycousin,Jenny,_inNewYorktillnextSaturday.isstayinghasstayedwillhavestayedstayed,-Doyouknowwhenshe_?-No,butIlltellyouassoonasshe_.willcome;comescomes;willcomewillcome;willcomecomes;comes,Look!_!HerethebuscomesHerecomesthebusHereisthebuscomingHerethebusiscoming,here,there放在句子开头，句子主谓要倒装。(如主语为代词，主谓不倒装)。在here,there引导的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。,用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm动词构成:1,will/shall+动原2,am/is/aregoingto+动词原型3,sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shallworkam/is/aregoingtoworkam/is/are(about)toworkam/is/arecoming/leaving否定构成：will/shallnotam/is/arenot特殊疑问句举例:Whatwillyoudotomorrow?Whenarewegoingtohaveaclassmeeting?备注：在if条件或assoonas等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,一般将来时,安丰育才学校李维年,用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语：yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2000,atthattime,beforeliberation，when等引导的含过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（-ed）worked/usedtowork否定构成：didnt+动原didntworkusednot(didntuse)towork一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？特殊疑问句举例：Whatdidhedoyesterday?Whendidhegetupthismorning?备注：Hehasopenedthedoor.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）Heopenedthedoor.(不能确定门现在是否开着),一般过去时,1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去某个的时间开始和结束.Iwalkedtoschoolyesterday.Iboughtanewcarthreedaysago.,now,walked,bought,2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。Ioftengotupat6:00lastyear.,英语动词的四种形式：1、原形learn2、过去形式learned3、过去分词learned4、现在分词learning,动词的一般过去形式：listenlistened2.study-studied3.stop-e-came,Iwalkedtoschoolyesterday.Ididntwalktoschoolyesterday.Didyouwalktoschoolyesterday?,过去进行时：Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.,过去进行时的构成：was/were+-ing,Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.Iwasnotwalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.Wereyouwalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain?,用一般过去时或过去进行时填空。1.Idontwanttogotothezootodaybecauseitisraining.Thesamethinghappenedyesterday.I(want,not)_togotothezoobecauseit(rain)_.,didntwant,wasraining,2.I(call)_Rogeratninelastnight,buthe(be,not)_athome.He(study)_atthelibrary.,called;wasnot;wasstudying,3.I(hear,not)_thethunderduringthestormlastnightbecauseI(sleep)_.,didnthear;wassleeping,4.Mybrotherandsister(argue)_aboutsomethingwhenI(walk)_intotheroom.,werearguing;walked,6.WhileMrs.Emerson(read)_thelittleboyastory,he(fall)_asleep,soshe(close)_thebookandquietly(tiptoe)_outoftheroom.,wasreading,fell,closed,tiptoed,7.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised,8.Shirley_abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting,9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked,10.IdontthinkJimsawme;he_intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared,11.Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell,12.-Youphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.-Its9568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant,13.-Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.-Yes,ataxi_atnecessary.A.wasntB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wontbe,14.Tom_intothehousewhennoone_.A.slipped,waslookingB.hadslipped,lookedC.slipped,hadlookedD.wasslipped,looked,ThereportersaidtheUFO_edwastravelingC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel,-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry._.ImnotnoticingIwasntnoticingIhaventnoticeIdontnotice,Whatanicebike!Where_you_it?do;buyB.have;boughtC.did;buyD.will;buy,-Howlong_eachotherbeforethey_married?-Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got,Thestudents_busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_intheoffice.hadwritten;leftwerewriting;haslefthadwritten;hadleftwerewriting;hadleft,Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes,ThelasttimeI_Janeshe_cottoninthefields.hadseen;waspickingsaw;pickedhadseen;pickedsaw;waspicking,用法:1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调对现在的影响.2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,inthepastfewyears,ever,sofar,since+过去的点时间,for+段时间动词构成：have/has+过去分词(-ed)have/hasworked否定构成：have/hasnot+过去分词一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语+过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：Whathaveyoudonerecently?HowlonghashelivedinBeijing?备注：暂时性动词不能与for,since,Howlong等表示段时间的短语同时使用。,现在完成时,现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。Wearegoodfriends.(现在的情况）Iknewhimin1997.（过去的动作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）,ShehasbeentoBeijing.(现在已不在北京，从结果上和现在联系起来）ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.（现在仍在北京，从时间上和现在联系起来）,现在完成时的三种基本用法：1、未完成用法。表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。Hehasbeeninthearmyfortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince1980.Hehaslivedhereallhislife.a.be,live,study都是延续性动词。b.常用的时间状语：since,for,inthepastfewyears,sofar,allhislife.,2、反复性用法，表示过去到现在这段时间内反复发生的动作。Ihavebeentothecitytwicethisweek.Ihaveoftenwonderedwhereshegetshermoneyallthesedays.这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。,3、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，通常所产生的结果把过去的动作和状态和现在联系起来。HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去了上海。（结果：他已不在这儿，Heisnotherenow.）,Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput,使用现在完成时表示过去发生的“放”的动作对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在“在哪里”。,WhenIwasatcollegeI_threeforeignlanguages,butI_allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten,“但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。,-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe,“(for)onlyafewminutes”说明几分钟前来了这里，一直到现在。,-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold,“被告知”是过去的事，对现在的影响是“我已知道”,Theprice_,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown,表示已发生的动作,Allthepreparationsforthetask_,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted,过去的动作“完成了准备工作”，对现在的影响是“现在已准备出发了”。,Mydictionary_.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_it.haslost;dontfindismissing;dontfindhaslost;haventfoundismissing;haventfound,-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming,-Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.-I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.didyouput;haveputhaveyouput;puthadyouput;haveputwereyouputting;haveput,-WhoisJerryCooper?-_?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.DontyoumeethimyetHadntyoumethimyetDidntyoumeethimyetHaventyoumethimyet,Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.hadmethavemetmetmeet,TheCCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramseversince1977.,表示一个事件在某个事件之前一直进行,用于表达事件的持续性.Youlookhotandtired.Haveyoubeenexercising?ImsorryImlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?,-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.paintedhadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted,She_lettersallmorningandfelttired.hasbeenwritingB.writesC.haswrittenD.hadbeenwriting,-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone,用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作常用时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,attenoclockyesterday或when引导的从句动词构成：was/were+现在分词(-ing)以work为例：was/wereworking否定构成：was/werenot+现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？Yes,IwasNo,Iwasnt特殊疑问句举例：Whatwereyoudongthistimeyesterday?Wherewashestandingwhentheteachercamein?,过去进行时,用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾从常用时间状语：thenextweek等动词构成：1、would/should+动原2、was/weregoingto+动原3、was/were(about)to+动原以work为例：would/shouldworkwas/weregoingtoworkwas/were(about)towork否定构成：would/shouldnotwas/werenot一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从特殊疑问句举例：Heaskedwhattheywoulddothenextweek.,过去将来时,IthoughtIwouldmakelotsofnewfriends.Theysaidthattheyweregoingtospendthevacationtogether.,过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。would或was/weregoingto+Vwould可用于各种人称。,would+V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同usedto同义。Whenwewerechildren,wewould/usedtogoswimmingeverysummer.,比较：Iusedtowalktoschool,butnowIgobybike.usedto+V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事了”。,A:Wheredidyougo?B:Iwasgoingtovisitthepark,butintheendIwenttothefreemarket.A:Whatwasitlike?B:Ithoughtitwouldbebusy,butitwasveryquiet.,IthoughtIwasgoingto.表示“原本打算干某事”。,-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did,-Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.-Oh,howniceofyou!I_you_tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didntthink;weregoingD.hadntthought;weregoing,Neverthought“从未想过“，与howniceofyou所表达的喜悦之情相符,ThismorningAlice_out_thedooropenedandincamesomestrangers.wasjustabouttogo;whilewent;whenwasgoing;whilewasjustabouttogo;when,Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_officesoon.leaveswouldleavelefthadleft,用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去的过去)。2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间常用时间状语：bythattime,bytheendof,when/before+从句，said/knew/asked的宾从中动词构成:had+过去分词(-ed)以work为例：hadworked否定构成:hadnot+过去分词一般疑问构成：Had+主语+过去分词+其它？Yes,Ihad.No,Ihadnt.特殊疑问句举例：HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?,过去完成时,Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.,过去完成时是一种与过去时相比较而存在的时态，用以表示“过去的过去”的动作或状态。,1.Whenwe_(arrive)atthetheatre,theplay_(alreadystart).,arrived;hadalreadystarted,2.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_andalotofthings_.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen,3.Tomdidntgotohearthesingerbecausehe_him.heardwouldhearC.hasheardD.hadheard,4.-Whydidntyoucometotheparty?-I_tocome,butoneofmyfriendscametoseemejustthen.A.wantedB.waswantingC.hadwantedD.hadbeenwanted,5.Sorry,Iveeatenupthefood.I_thathewouldntbeback.thinkwasthinkinghadthoughtD.t