面象服务的体系架构.ppt

面向服务的体系架构(SOA),2,日程,什么是面向服务的体系架构SOA的价值构成SOA的技术如何构建SOA系统IBM的SOA工具与产品网格计算与SOA,3,一个组件模型将应用程序的不同功能单元（服务）通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和契约联系起来。接口是采用中立的方式进行定义的，它应该独立于实现服务的硬件平台、操作系统和编程语言。构建在各种这样的系统中的服务可以以一种统一和通用的方式进行交互。,什么是面向服务的体系架构?,4,为什么采用面向服务的体系架构?,AServiceOrientedArchitectureenablesflexibleconnectivityofapplicationsorresourcesbyRepresentingeveryapplicationorresourceasaservicewithastandardizedinterfaceEnablingthemtoexchangestructuredinformation(messages,documents,businessobjects)MediatingthemessageexchangethroughanEnterpriseServiceBusThisflexibilityenablesnewandexistingapplicationstobeeasilyandquicklycombinedtoaddresschangingbusinessneeds.Theabilitytoeasilycombine/choreographapplicationsallowsITservicestomorereadilyreflectbusinessprocessesTheSOAinfrastructureisalsousedtofacilitatethemanagementofbusinessperformanceandqualityofservice,5,SOA的价值:SOA实现可变的IT架构,6,构成SOA的技术,什么是服务服务调用服务的编排服务的发现,7,什么是服务?,Awell-defined,invokableunitofbusinessfunctionAccessesbusinessdataorfacilitatesachangeofbusinessdatafromonevalidandconsistentstatetoanother.DefinedusingexplicitinterfacesIndependentofserviceimplementationsProvidescontractbetweenservicerequestorsandserviceprovidersInvokablethroughcommoncommunicationprotocolsProvidesinteroperabilityandlocationtransparency.,8,服务描述,Servicesaredescribedusingastandardizedinterface(metadata)Definestheservice,itsoperations,andinputandoutputparametersDefineshowtheserviceisreachedanditslocationInputandoutputsmaybesimpleparametersorXMLdocumentsAnexistingapplicationcanbegivenaservicefaadeThefaade(e.g.anEJB)isthendescribedastheserviceWebServicesDescriptionLanguage(WSDL)isthestandardusedtodescribetheservice,9,服务描述:WSDL,WSDL(WebServicesDescriptionLanguage)isanXMLdocumentthatdescribesaServiceusinganumberofkeyelements:APortTypedefineswhattheservicedoes,andisdescribedbyanumberofoperations.ForeachoperationthedatathatitreceivesandsendsisdescribedbyaMessageTheBindingdefineshowtheservice(asdescribedbythePortType)isinvokede.g.SOAP/HTTP,SOAP/JMS.ThePortspecifiestheaddresswheretheserviceislocated,10,服务调用,ServicesinteractbyexchangingdataoveranEnterpriseServiceBusTheEnterpriseServiceBusisalogicalarchitecturalconstructProvidesinter-connectivityservicesServicesinteractwitheachotherbasedonthequalityofservicerequirementsoftheindividualtransactionsESBconnectsandintegratesanenterprisesITbusinessIndifferentlocations,usingdifferenttransports,acrossorganizationsESBmediatesservicerequestsandresponsesPerformstransformationandroutingEnablesconnectiontypetransparencyESBenablestheuseofmultipleprotocolse.g.SOAP/HTTPcanbeconvertedtoSOAP/JMSandviceversa,11,企业服务总线(ESB)CentraltotheWorkingsofaServiceOrientedArchitecture,TransportServicesSynchronous/AsynchronousPersistent/Non-persistentLoosely-coupled/Tightly-coupled,EventServicesPublishandSubscribe,MediationServicesRoutingTransformation,StandardsBasedHTTP/HTTPSwithoptionforWS-ReliableMessagingJMS,JAX-RPC,SOAPWS-Security,WS-Policy,WS-Addressing,12,服务的编排术,BusinessprocessesareasetofactivitiescarriedoutinasequenceServicescanbechoreographedtoimplementabusinessprocessi.e.eachsteporactivityinabusinessprocessisimplementedbyaserviceThebusinessprocessitselfbecomesaserviceServicechoreographyisdescribedbytheBusinessProcessExecutionLanguage(BPEL)AstandardproposedtoOASISforprocessdefinitionServiceChoreographyprovides:ProcessesthatcombineapplicationsandpeopleTransactionalityandcompensationManipulationofprocessdata,13,服务的发现,AServiceRegistryorDirectoryPublishesservicedescriptionsFindsbusiness,servicesandserviceinterfacesUDDIisastandardforaregistrywebservice(seeUDDI.org)ServicediscoverymaybeatdesigntimeorruntimeWebSphereStudioprovidesWebServicesExplorertopublishandsearchUDDIUDDIServiceentriescontainURLofitsWSDLAUDDIdirectorymaybeprivatetoanenterpriseWSDLforservicesmaybestoredinlocalfilesanddirectoriesESBmediationsmaybeusedtodetermineserviceslocationatruntime,ServiceRegistry,14,SOA的服务栈,SOAusesWebServicesspecificationstoimplementitsfeaturesManyWebServicesspecificationsarebeingstandardizedIBMandothervendorshaveimplementedthesespecifications,anticipatingthestandardsTheWebServicefunctionstackisrichandgettingricher,15,如何构建SOA的系统,DevelopaserviceorientedmentalityEverythingisaserviceUnderstandanddefineservicesGoodservicedecompositionisthechallengeRemembercoarsegranularitySomeserviceimplementationswillexist,otherswillneedtobecreatedDetermineserviceinterfacesandinteractionpatternsWhatformatswillbeadoptedfordataexchange?Whatqualitiesofservicewillboundinteractions?Wherewillmediationberequired/appropriate?DefineserviceorchestrationsintermsofsupportedbusinessprocessesCompositeserviceswillgenerallyreflectbusinessprocesses?Whatarethebusinessprocesses?BusinessmodelsinWebSphereBIModelercanproveinvaluablehere,16,采用SOA的四个层次,17,实现单独的Web服务,18,面向服务的集成,19,企业范围内的IT转换,20,Enterpriseapplications,Enterprisedata,DataAccessServices,ApplicationAccessServices,IBMSoftwareOfferings,MonitoringServices,IBM商务整合的参考架构,Model,design,development,testtools,CommonRuntimeInfrastructure,WebSphereBIModeler,WebSphereBIMonitor,WebServicesGateway,WebSphereBIEvent/MessageBroker,WebSphereMQ,WebSphereBIAdapters,DB2InformationIntegratorClassic,WebSphereStudio,DB2InformationIntegrator,WebSphereBusinessIntegrationServer,WebSphereBusinessIntegrationConnect,WebSphereApplicationServer,EnterpriseServiceBus,ProcessServices,CommunityIntegrationServices,ApplicationServices,InformationServices,WebSpherePortalServer,UserInteractionServices,21,ProfessionalServices,OGSIOpenGridServicesInfrastructure,GridServices,SystemManagementSevices,OpenGridServicesArchitecture(OGSA),Applications,AutonomicCapabilities,OGSA,OGSAStructure,22,Grid和Web服务,Grid,Web,ThedefinitionofWSRFmeansthatGridandWebcommunitiescanmoveforwardonacommonbase,23,网格计算与SOA,网格系统本身就是SOA