lesson+6+vocabulary.ppt

LESSONSIX,HOWCANITELLIFIAMCUTOUTTOBEARESEARCHWORKER?,Page79,Line1:cutoutfor/cutouttobeSeeNotes,Line2:dismaytofillwithanxietyorhopelessnessThebadnewsdismayedallofus.Welistenedin/withdismaytothebadnews.,Line2:depresstodiscourage;feelsadHewasdepressedbyhisrepeatedfailure.,Line3:subtletydifficultytounderstandorexplainThetranslatormissedsomeofthesubtletiesoftheoriginal.ItsnoteasytomasterthesubtletiesofAmericanjokes.,Line3:recessthehiddenorinnermostpartIpushedtheproblemdownintotherecessofmymind.Translate:probetherecessofonesmind,Line4:obscuritybeingcomplexandhardtounderstandHispoemsarefullofobscurities.,Line5:infirmityweaknessofbodyormindHesuffersfromageandinfirmity.Translate:Infirmityoftencomeswitholdage.,Line5:discerningshowinganabilitytomakejudgmentsTranslate:afashionableclothesshopfordiscerningyoungpeople,Line7:inadvanceaheadintime;beforehandTranslate:reserverailroadtickets8saysinadvance,Line8:dedicatetotogivecompletelyto;devotetoThescientistdedicatedhislifetofindingthesubstanceofinsulin.,Line8:noviceabeginner;ascientistwithoutanaccomplishmentExamples:anoviceatskiing;anoviceresearcherSynonyms:green-hand;layman;pupil;learner;apprentice;trainee;intern,Line11:groundlesswithoutbaseorgoodreasonMysuspicionprovedgroundless.Hisallegation,wheninvestigated,provedgroundless.,Line13:corroboratetosupportbyfreshproofThewitnesscorroboratedtheaccusedmansstatement.,Line17:recollectionmemoryIhaveavividrecollectionofthehousewhereIwasborn.Translate:Herrecollectionoftheeventsisratherpatchy.,Line18:havemorethanonestringtoonesbow=haveasecondstringtoonesbow=tohaveanotherplanifthefirstoneisnotsuccessfulHeisfullofconfidencebecausehehasmorethanonestringtohisbow.Translate:Therecessiondidnthitthemanufacturerhegotasecondstringtohisbow.,Page80,Line21:fooltodeceive;trickHefooledtheoldmanoutofallhismoney.,Line23:inrealityinactualfactHelooksstrongbutinrealityheisweak.Translate:Ithoughthehadcometoinspectthegaspipe,butinrealityhewasathief/burglar,Line24:passionatehavingstronganduncontrolledfeelingExample:apassionatespeechindefenseofhumanrights,Line24:intermsoffromthepointofviewofThebookhasbeenwellreviewed,butintermsofsalesithasntbeenverysuccessful.,Line25:demandingneedingalotofattentionandeffortAnewbabyandanewjobcanbeequallydemanding.,Line25:exhaustingtiring;wearyMountain-climbingcanbeveryexhausting.,Line26:toughonunfortunateItistoughonherthatsheshouldloseherjobbecauseofsomeoneelsesmistake.,Line27:obsessionafixedideafromwhichonesmindcannotbefreedThemanhasanunhealthyobsessionwithdeath.,Line27:compensationpaymentforlossofIfonewaskilledatwork,hisdependentscouldgetcompensation.,Line29:stickouttocontinuetotheendIdontlikethiscourse,butIllstickitoutsomehow.,Line32:exhilarationstrongfeelingofhappinessandexcitementHeexperiencedexhilarationwhenhehadcarriedthroughtheexperiment.,Line36:hookedhavingagreatlikingforManyretiredpeoplearehookedonjogging.,MOTIVES,Line42:pronouncementstatementordeclarationTranslate:makeapronouncementondecodinghumangenome,Line42:finicky=finicaltooconcernedaboutminordetailsSheoftendoesherhairwithfinickycare.Sheisfinicalabouttheclothesshewears.,Line46:haveitthattothink;sticktotheviewthatIhavealwayshaditthatactionspeakslouderthanwords.,Line47:mainspringreason;motivationTechnologyisthemainspringofeconomicgrowth.,Page81,Line53:impulsionastrongdesireTheimpulsionofrevengedrovehimtokillhisenemy.,Line54:getattofindorreachFinallywegotattherootoftheproblem.,Line55:inthecontextofinthesurroundingconditionsinwhichsomethingtakesplaceLookatyourownjobinthewidercontextofthewholedepartment.Thereportshouldbeconsideredwithinitssocialcontext.,Line57:gratifytosatisfyadesireHereadsextensivelytogratifyhisthirstforknowledge.,Line58:uneaseworry;anxietyWealltriedtoquellhisgrowingunease.Whatisitsoppositeword?Withyouincharge,Ifeelatease.,Line59:relieffeelingofcomfortThismedicinebroughtsomereliefofthepain.,Line64:writingsofFrancisBaconReadingmakesafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.,Line66:suffusetocoverorspreadthrough(withacolor)Thelightofthesettingsunsuffusedthewholebuilding.,Line67:imagerypictureThispaintingofPicassosisfulloftheimageryofterror,death,anddestruction.Translate:Poetrycontainsimagery.,Line69:dispeltodriveawayHiswordsdispelledmyanxiety/fear/doubt/suspicion.,Line69:kindletostartburningTheirpublicitycampaignfailedtokindlemuchinterestamongthepublic.,Line74:stirtoproducestrongfeelingsHerstorystirredoursympathy.Translate:Hisspeechstirredustoaction.,Line76:poshfine;splendid;first-rateYoulookveryposhinyournewsuit.Translate:aposhhotel/newcar/cell-phone/laptop,Line75:comeoneswaytohavebyaccident;comeintoonespossessionHeseemedtolosethegame,butluckcamehiswayatthelastmoment.Idbedelightedifachanceoftravelingabroadcamemyway.,Line77:incessantcontinuous;neverstoppingExample:tiredofherincessantcomplaining,Line77:poreovertostudy;givefullattentiontoEverydayhespendshoursinthelibraryporingoverjournalarticles.,Line80:conjunctureacombinationofeventsorsituationsHewasfacedwithaconjunctureinwhichhemustfightorrun.,AMIBRAINYENOUGHTOBEASCIENTIST?,Line85:engendertoproduceRacialinequalityengendersconflict.,Line86:self-depreciationfailuretoseeonesownvalueOneimportantthingistoovercomethefeelingofself-depreciation.,Page82,Line88:sparetosave;avoidUsethetelephoneandspareyourselfavisit.Translate:Sparetherod,spoilthechild.Takemymoneybutsparemylife.,Line89:antipathy(to)dislikeoroppositionThePresidentsantipathytowardstradeunionsisknowntoall.Translate:haveanantipathytofraud/dishonest/snobbism,Line89:indifferencelackofinterestHetreatsherwithcompleteindifference.Synonyms:unconcern;inattention;apathy;detachment;negligence,Line92:ratiocinationabilitytoreasonordeduceTobeagooddetectivecallsforgreatfeatsofratiocination.,Line92:preternaturalbeyondwhatisusualornaturalInformertimespeoplebelievedthatthunderandlightningweresignsofpreternaturalforces.,Line93:gift(for)naturalability;talentThelittlegirlhasagiftformusic/learninglanguages.,Line95:virtueagoodqualityofcharacterorbehaviorAmonghermanyvirtuesareloyalty,courage,andtruthfulness.,Line95:unaccountablythatcannotbeexplainedHewasunaccountablydetainedforsixhours.,Line95:fallintodisreputetolosegoodreputationThecompanyfellintodisreputeafterthefraudulentincident.Translate:Hebroughtthefamilyintodisrepute.,Line97:perseveretocontinueinspiteofdifficultiesIfyoupersevereinthework,youwillsucceedintheend.Translate:aperseveringstudent/researchworker,Line97:becastdowntomakesadordisappointedHewasntcastdownbyhisrepeatedfailures.,Line98:adversitybadfortuneAgoodfriendwillnotdesertyouintimeofadversity.,Line99:inlargemeasuretoalargeextentSuccessdependsinlargemeasureonhowwellyougetprepared.,AnIntelligenceTest,Line103:forfullmeasure=forgoodmeasureinadditionThestoresoldmeaBuickandincludedalaptopforfullmeasure.,Line103:interpolatetoputin;addtoHeinterpolatedasectionaboutthesiswritinginhislecture.Hewoulddigupstatisticsandinterpolatetheminthereport.,Line104:dizzyfeelinglossofbalanceDancingroundincirclesmademedizzy.,Line108:whoshallbenamelesssurmiseddrawthem.Thisexpressionisusedwhenyouwanttosaythatsomeonehasdonesomethingwrongbutwithoutmentioninghisname.,Line109:surmisetoguessItmaynotbetrue.Imonlysurmising.,Line112:validtrueorreasonable;thatcanlegallybeusedforastatedperiodExample:avalidexcuseforarrivinglateatworkThevisaisvalidfor6monthsfromthedateofissue(Itis)validuntil/beforeDecember31,2006.Opposite:invalid:aninvalidmarriage/passportAcheckisinvalidunlessitissigned.,Line115:aesthetichavingahighsenseofbeautyThisbuildingisaestheticbutnotverypractical.Fromanaestheticpointofviewitsanicedesign.,Page83,Line124:handiworkworkdemandingtheuseofthehandsExample:anexhibitionofhandiwork(byschoolchildren),Line125:amisswrong;imperfectIsthereanythingamiss?Thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingamisswithhim.,Line126:inquestionindoubtHewouldagoodcaptainforourteam.Thatsnotinquestion.Hishonestyisoutof(=beyond)question.Asecondpromotionthisyearisoutofthequestion.,Line131:undervaluetodepreciate;underestimateHefeltthatthecompanyundervaluedhiswork/capability.,Line132:overratetoputtoogreatvalueon;overestimateIfeelthatmathematicsissomewhatoverratedasaschoolsubject.,Line133:toadegreetosomeextent;partlyIthinkitistruetoadegree.,Line133:recruittoemploySomemanagingdirectorstherearerecruitedfromabroad.Werehavingdifficultiesinrecruitingwell-qualifiedstaff.,Line134:deridetolaughat;makefunofHersenseofsuperioritymakesherderideothersopinions.,Linel37:incentivemotive;Thepromiseofabonusactedasanincentivetogreatereffort.,Line138:enterintotohaveanimportantpartinorinfluenceonObviouslypersonalrelationsenteredintothematter.,Line140:rate(above)tovalueSheratesherselfaboveanordinaryemployee/clerk.Translate:HerateshimselfaboveaverageinEnglish.,Line144:slotaplaceinascheduleorsystemExamples:thesevenoclocktimeslotontheradio/TV/aTVshowonthe10:00slotListenerslettersarereadoutinthis2-minuteslot.,Line144:fitin/intotomatch;harmonizeThiscorkfitsintothebottle/jugnicely.,Line145:inductivereasoningfromknownfactstoproducegeneralprinciplesCompare:deductivereasoningfromasetoffactstoaparticularideaExamples:theinductive/deductiveprocess/reasoning,Line147:deliberationcarefulconsiderationAftermuchdeliberationIdecidednottoaccepttheoffer.,Line148:flairanaturalabilityHeshowedlittleflairforlanguagelearning.,Line148:discernmentabilitytoseeorunderstandHeisknownforhisdiscernmentinchoiceofjadewears.,Line149:affinity(between,with)connection;similarityTherearealotofaffinitiesbetweentheChineseandJapaneselanguages.,Line151:atalleventsinanycaseThemanhadaterribleaccident,butatalleventshehadanarrowescape.,Line152:avowtoadmit;stateopenlyThesuspectavowedthathewasguilty.,Line153:transparentclear;easytounderstandThemeaningofthisparagraphseemsquitetransparent.,Line153:affectationpretendedfeelingormannerHeissincereandquitewithoutaffectation.,Line154:tempttoattract;induceArivalcompanyistryingtotempthimawayfromhispresentjobwithanofferofhigher/triplepay.,Page84,Line15:fishfortotrytogetinanindirectwayIthinkhewasjustfishingforcompliments.,Line158:overawetofillwithrespectandfearDontbeoverawedbyauthoritiesandbignames.,Line162:manipulativecontrollingandinfluencingExamples:manipulativeskill/power/practice/boss,Line163:predilection(for)aspeciallikingExamples:predilectionforjokes/hotorspicyfood;Americanpredilectionforsaladwitheverymeal,Line164:portendtobeasignorwarningofThegatheringofdarkcloudsportendsaviolentstorm.Translate:Whatdothesestrangeeventsportend?,Line164:aptitude(for)naturalability(tolearnquicklyordowell)Edisonhadagreataptitudeforinvention.,Line168:ignitetostarttoburn;kindleWhatdevicecanignitethefireworks?Translate:Whentheelectriccurrentisturnedon,itignitesthetungstenfilamentsinthebulb.,Line169:prosecutionthecarryingoutofsomethingImeetawiderangeofpeopleintheprosecutionofmyduties.,Line171:ascertaintodiscoverThepolicearetryingtoascertainwhowereatthemurderscene.,Line172:holdwatertobetrueorreasonableThetheorymayholdwater.Theargumentholdsnowater.Hisexplanationofwherehegotthemoneyfromdoesntholdwater.,Line174:clumsinessawkwardmomentoractionShecannotknit,norcanshesew.Shesknownforherclumsiness.“Imallthumbs”isanexampletoshowonesclumsiness.,Line175:instinctual=instinctivenatural;innateThespinningofwebsisinstinctualinspiders.,Line175:dexterityclevernessandskillThechampionhadgreatdexterityingymnastics.,Line176:traitaparticularquality;characteristicAnnesgenerosityisoneofhermostpleasingtraits.,Line182:scurrytomovehastily;hurryThemousescurriedintoitsholewhenthecatappeared.,Line182:hitherandthitherinalldirections;hereandthereThechildrenarerunninghitherandthitheronthelawn.,Line182:doonesbidding=atonesbiddingtocarryoutonesorderWhateverhedidhedid(at)hisparentsbidding.,OptingOut,Line187:optouttochoosenottodo;tobenolongerinvolvedinHehasdecidedtooptoutofpolitics.Nobodyisallowedtooptoutoftheresponsibility.,Line190:self-reproachself-blameHefeltself-reproachconcerningthefailureofthetest.,Line190:misdirectionwrongchoiceHesaidhedidntfeelregretforthemisdirection.,Line192:time-consumingspendingalotoftimePlayingchessistime-consuming/atime-consuminggame.,Line197:pullouttoquit;withdraw;optoutHesawthatthefirmwasgoingtoberuined,sohepulledout.Hedecidedtopullhispartyoutofthecoalitiongovernment.,Line199:well-foundedbasedonfactsorgoodjudgmentOursuspicionswerewell-founded;sheturnedouttobeacheat.,Line200:wondermentafeelingofamazementandadmirationLookingatthemodernbuildings,thetouriststoodshakinghisheadinwonderment.,DiscourseAnalysisThisarticleisdividedintothreenaturalparts.PartOne:INTRODUCTIONOnemustgetwell-preparedifhechoosestopursuescientificcareer.PartTwo:MOTIVESCuriosityisnotanappropriatewordtodescribethemotiveofscientiststopursuescience.Formostablescientists,theirmotivationcanbedescribedas“exploratoryimpulsion.”PartThree:(AMIBRAINYENOUGHTOBEASCIENTIST?)Topursuescience,onedoesnotneedtobeasintelligentassomepopularbeliefholds.But,doingsciencedoesrequireonetohavecommonsenseandsomeoftheold-fashionedvirtues