完形-大小宇宙归纳演绎原则-易熙人

完形填空大小宇宙的归纳演绎逻辑 易熙人 公众号：给力考研资料 归纳-演绎逻辑： 大宇宙归纳演绎（篇章展开的方式）：文章首段往往是对全文主题的概 括性阐述。往往从第二段开始，每段讨论全文主题下的一个分支主题。 首段有时也会进行必要的铺垫，即引子，最后会在段末重申主题，或者 会在第二段点明主题。 小宇宙归纳演绎（段落展开的方式）： 段落的主题通常会在段落靠前 的句子中提出，余下的句子则通过罗列具体论据的方式（例子/故事， 排比，数字或者数字串，实验过程，调查过程，直接引语等）进行详细 阐述。也有可能会在段落末句对全段进行再一次总结。 公众号：给力考研资料 总分结构法。也就是利用文章的结构来解题。完型的文章结构特点明显，一般都是总分结构， 开头为总说，并且开头不会出题，这样一定要把握首句，利用首句的信息来解题。换句话说， 所谓总分结构就是先是一个短小的开头，或是下文分述内容的起因，或是下文分述内容的总 说，一般用概括的语言表现。 分说有两种情况，一是并列式的分说，彼此之间互相并列，没有明显的时间推移痕迹，如一 个人的几个不同侧面，一件事的几个方面，同一中心下的几件不同的事。二是连贯式的分说， 彼此之间有比较明显的时间推移，如事情发展的不同阶段，连续几天内的不同事情等。不管 是哪种形式，都由一个个片断组成，短小精悍，各自独立又服从于同一条主线。分说的几个 片断之间，可用小标题表示，又可用空格显示，也可像普通分段那样，但有较明显的跳跃性。 文章的结尾，又是总说，可以是开头呼应，也可以作总结性结尾。 公众号：给力考研资料 段落间的归纳-演绎关系： 例 2000-Text4 Para.1: The Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Para.2: The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of womenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedthe opportunities of teen-agers. Para.3: While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. Para.4: But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. 公众号：给力考研资料 段落间的归纳-演绎关系： 例 2000-Text4 Para.1: Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people dont know where they should go next. 公众号：给力考研资料 段落间的归纳-演绎关系： 例 2000-Text4 Para.1: Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work- moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people dont know where they should go next. 公众号：给力考研资料 段落间的归纳-演绎关系： 例 2000-Text4 Para.2: The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. 公众号：给力考研资料 段落内部的归纳-演绎关系： 例1 2011-Cloze-para.4 Evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smileor with their lips, which would produce a disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reactedmore enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 公众号：给力考研资料 Emotions can flow from muscular responses. In an experiment, psychologist asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smileorwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea disappointed expression. Those reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than didthose,suggestingthatexpressionsmayinfluence emotions. Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 公众号：给力考研资料 段落内部的归纳-演绎关系： 例2: 英语二2014-Cloze： Negative attitudes toward obesity, grounded in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity policies. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign against childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 公众号：给力考研资料 Negativeattitudestowardobesity,groundedinhealth concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity policies. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitness initiatives. MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign against childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 公众号：给力考研资料 段落内部的归纳-演绎关系： 例3: 英语二2013-Cloze： Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. 公众号：给力考研资料 句子间的归纳-演绎关系： 例4 : 英语二2019-text1 Unlike so-called _ such as sadness，fear，and anger， guilt emerges a little later，in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and