现在分词的用法.ppt

八滩高二英语备课组葛卫红,Therearemanysleepingstudentsinclass.,（表语）,（定语）,Feelingthelessonisboring,thestudentsaresleepy.,Thestudentsfeelthelessonboring.,Thelessonisboring.,（宾补）,（状语）,功能,定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语,Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitorsfather.Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.,1.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.2.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.3.Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary.4.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.,（一般式）,（完成式）,（被动语态）,（被动完成式）,时态和语态,3.ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.,2.ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.,1.arunningman,一、V-ingusedasattribute:,ThefactorymakingTVsetsisverylarge.,Themainroadbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.此处为什么用beingbuilt,Themainroad_willbecompletednextyear,that/whichisbeingbuilt,Themainroad_(build)nextweekisbeneficaltoourlife.,tobebuilt,cci,此处的tobebuilt是什么形式做什么成分？你能体味它和beingbuilt的不同吗？,ThefactorywhichmakesTVsetsisverylarge.,1.Thatwasanextremelyinterestingspeech.2.Awood-burningstoveisenvironmentallyunfriendly.,Note:副词或名词可以和现在分词在一起构成复合名词,翻译：1.令人信服的证据2.一段难熬的时光3.正在讨论的问题4.即将在会上讨论的问题5.令人惊异的人6.迅速发展的经济7.经营这个工厂的老板,theconvincingenvidence,atryingtime,theproblembeingdiscussed,theproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting,theamazingperson,thefast-growingeconomy,thebossrunningthefactory,小结:,V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系。,单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后，此时相当于一个定语从句。,2.Wenoticedalotofpeople_(wait)toenterthestadium.,二、V-ingusedasObjectComplement:,1.Wesawsomestudents_(play)basketballontheplayground.,3.Theyhavethefire_(burn)allnight.,playing,waiting,burning,V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例3）,小结：,V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：,小结：,表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。,2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave，等。如：,1.Hewasoftenheard_(sing)theEnglishsongs.2.Hewasheard_(sing)theEnglishsongwhenIpassedby.3.Heleftthefire_(burn)allnight.4.Thestudentwascaught_(cheat)intheexam.,tosing,singing,burning,cheating,当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,we_attheentrance.我发现地板上放着一个包。I_ontheground.那老板让工人整夜地工作。Theboss_thewholenight.,foundastrangerstanding,foundabaglying,kept/hadtheworkersworking,with+宾语+todoWith+宾语+doneWith+宾语+doing1.Withsomanydifficultproblems_(solve),hecouldtravelwithhiswife.2.Withsomanydifficultproblems_(solve),hecouldnttravelwithhiswife.3.Withtheman_(solve)somanydifficultproblems,hecouldtravelwithhiswife.4.Hehadtocomebackhomewithhismoney_/_(用光）,solved,tosolve,sloving,runningout,runoutof,他对母亲的关爱很感人。Hisconcernforhismotheris_.,三、Vingusedaspredicative,touching/moving,-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的性质Thefilmisinteresting.,小提示：动名词和现在分词可用very来鉴别:在v-ing前加上very句意说得通的是现在分词,说不通的是动名词.,interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的,1.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed2.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_allnight.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned,Multiplechoice:,3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofname.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt,4.Theoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked,5.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketintoapassengerA.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting,6.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked,四、V-ingusedasanadverb:,V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、让步等状语。,-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,1.作时间状语,收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。_Idecidedtowriteback.=_,Idecidedtowriteback,Havingreceivedhisletter,AfterIhadreceivedhisletter，,Askingaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.,_,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.,WhenIaskaround,_(observe)theproblemformanyyears,heannouncedthatwearenowfacingthebiggestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.,_years,heannouncedthatwearenowfacingthebiggestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.,当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和when,after等引导的时间状语从句互换,Havingobserved,Afterhehadobservedtheproblemformany,_(criticize)bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了,Havingbeencriticized,Afterhehadbenncriticized,_bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking,-ing短语作原因状语。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.=Because/since/ashewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。,2.作原因状语,Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithhim,_wecouldntgetintouchwithhim,As/Because/Sincewedidntknowheradress，,Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,_(hope)toavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.,Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,becausewehopetoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.=,_(notknow)whattodo,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.不知道该做什么，我只好在家里等着_,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.,hoping,Notknowing,AsIdidntknowwhattodo,_(suffer)fromheartdiseaseforyears,hehadtotakemuchmedicine._,hehadtotakemuchmedicine,Havingsuffered,As/Becausehehadsufferedfromheart,deseaseforyears,-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。,3.作条件状语,注意：_,andyouwillsucceed.,Workhard,_(prepare)fully,wecanachievegreatthings._,wecanachievegreatthings._,andwecanachievegreatthings.,当现在分词用来表示条件时，可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换,Preparing,Ifwepreparefully,Preparefully,比较下面三个句子，体味其不同之处,第一个句中we的前面可以加一个and吗？为什么？,Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,（非限制性定语从句）,whichmakestheairdirty,Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,causinghertokeepaslimfigure.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,_hertokeepaslimfigure.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday。_,shekeepsaslimfigure.,4.作结果状语,whichcauses,Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke._theairismadedirty.,Asaresult,Asaresult,Thecouplewentshopping.Asaresult,theylefttheireldestdaughteraloneathome.=Thecouplewentshopping,_(leave)theireldestdaughteraloneathome.=Thecouplewentshopping,_theireldestdaughteraloneathome.(用非限制性定语从句）,leaving,whichleft,当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和asaresult引导的结果状语从句互换。也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句,Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,5.作伴随状语,Thestudentscamein,_(follow)theirteacher.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_(bring)meafullbasketoffreshfruits.,following,bringing,-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。如：,6.作让步状语,Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidntgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,When_(develop)theeconomy,wehavetotakeenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration.这是一个省略句，请补充完整,developing,_,wehavetotakeenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration.,Whenwearedevelopingtheeconomy,While_inBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=_,hecametoseemetwice.,staying,WhilehewasstayinginBeijing,思考下面的句子：,小结:,1.连词+现在分词短语也可用来表示时间，常用的连词有when,while,相当于这些连引导的一个从句。,2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。,Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket.,_thebadnews,hecouldnthelpburstingintotears.HeardB.HavingheardC.HearingD.Havingbeenheard_totheschoolbuilding,thevisitorswereledtoseethelibrary.BeingshownB.ShownC.HavingbeenshownD.Havingshown,(keeping的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，都是he),1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.,Choosethecorrectsentence.,完成主动式,1.Havingfinishedherhomework,shewenttobed.2.Havingheardthis,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.,分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做定语用。,一般被动式,表示正在发生的被动动作,在句中作定语或状语。,Thecarbeingrepairedismine.Thecarwhichisbeingrepairedismine.,Beingrepaired,thecarcantbeused.As/Becauseitisbeingrepaired,thecarcantbeused.,完成被动式：,表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。,Havingbeenpraisedasecondtime,Idecidedtomakestillgreaterprogress.,Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldntverywellleave.,非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词,现在分词的否定形式not+现在分词（完成的否定式not放在having之前）,Notknowinghowtodyethesilkred,hewenttoherforhelp.,Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.,一些独立结构：1.Generally_(speak),wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2._(judge)fromhisappearance,heissomebody.3._(tell)youthetruth,yourworkisterrible.,speaking,Judging,Totell,1._areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,2.Alicereturnedfromthemanagersoffice,_methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.（04全国IV）A.havingtoldB.tellsC.totellD.telling,3._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.,A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited,4.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon,3._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.,A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited,4.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon,1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus_thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.cause2.The_boywaslastseen_nearthebankofthelake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay,Exercise,3.Afterseeingthemovie,_.A.thebookwasreadbyhimB.thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC.hewantedtoreadthebookD.thereadingofthebookinterestedhim,4.Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying5.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollo