初中英语语法 一般时态PPT精选文档

1,一,一般现在时,2,一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、客观真理或事实等。与一般现在时连用的时间状语：often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday/week/year等一般现在时的构成：肯定句：主语is/am/are其它成分.Heisanofficeworker.主语(除第三人称单数)动词原形其它成分.Igetupatsixeveryday.主语(第三人称单数)动词s/es其它成分.Myfatherusuallygoestoworkbybus.,我(I)用am,你(you)用are,Is连着他(he)她(she)它(it),遇到复数都用are.,3,否定句：主语am/is/arenot其它成分.Theyarenotinthelibrary.主语(除第三人称单数)dont动词原形其它成分.Idontlikeswimming.主语(第三人称单数)doesnt动词原形其它成分.Theoldmandoesntlikeplayingcards.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语其它成分?Isitatalltree?Do+主语(除第三人称单数)动词原形其它成分?DotheGreensoftengoswimminginsummer?Does+主语（第三人称单数）动词原形其它成分?Doestheearthgoaroundthesun?,4,特殊疑问句（一般时态）：疑问词is/am/are+主语(其它成分)？Whattimeisitnow?疑问词do+主语动词原形(其它成分)？Whendoyouusuallygotobed?疑问词does+主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形（其它成分）？WheredoesJimdohishomeworkonweekdays?,5,1、一般动词，在词尾加s;如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:ShelivesinNingbo.她住在宁波。2、以/s/z/等音素结尾的动词，词尾加-es，如词尾为e，只加-s.读作/iz/如：teach-teaches,wash-washes.eg:Mymotherwashesthecoat.我母亲洗了大衣。,行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单（he,she,it)的构成规则：,6,3.以辅音字母加Y结尾的词，改Y为I再加ES，读作Z,Studyfly,studies,flied,4.以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加ES读作Z,godo,goes,does,5.特殊情况：,havehas,7,EX21.Tomoften_(get)upatsixinthemorning2.Theearth_(go)aroundthesun.3.Marysparent_(live)inBeijing.4.She_(draw)verywell.,Ex1.写出下列词的单三形式：look;go;give;fly;have,looks;goes;gives;flies;has,gets,goes,lives,draws,8,Wherearethey?Theyareintheclassroom.,9,Ishehappy?,Yes,heishappy.,Ishestrong?Yes,heisstrong.,10,Whatisit?Itisacat.,Isshebusy?Yes,sheisbusy.,11,AmIsad?No,Iamhappy.,Isitveryhot?Yes,itisveryhot.,12,Heishappy.,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,Heisnot(isnt)happy.,Ishehappy?,Yes,heis.,No,heisnt.,13,Iamhappy.,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,Iamnothappy.,Areyouhappy?,Yes,Iam.,No,Iamnot.,疑问句要求把BE提前，第一人称变成第二人称。,14,Theyareintheclassroom.,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,Theyarenot(arent)intheclassroom.,Aretheyintheclassroom?,Yes,theyare.,No,theyarent.,15,动词be一般现在时的构成,16,getup,watertheflowers,Igetupat6:35inthemorning.,Shewaterstheflowers.,17,playfootball,watchTV,Theyplayfootballintheplayground.,HewatchesTVinthesitting-room.,18,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,Igetupat6:35inthemorning.,Idonot(dont)getupat6:35inthemorning.,Doyougetupat6:35inthemorning?,Yes,Ido.,No,Idont.,对于实意动词，疑问句要求：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加DO，第一人(I/we)称换第二人称(you)。,19,Theyplayfootballintheplayground.,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,Theydonot(dont)playfootballintheplayground.,No,theydont.,Yes,theydo.,Dotheyplayfootballintheplayground?,20,Ex1.将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式,ItalktoPeterbecauseIlikehim.KatecomesfromAmerica.KateworkswithPeterIamChinese,andIamastudent.Theyknoweachother.,IdonttalktoPeterbecauseIdontlikehim.,KatedoesntcomefromAmerica.KatedoesntworkwithPeter.,IamnotChinese,andIamnotastudent,Theydontknoweachother.,21,1.HerparentsliveinShanghai.否:Herparents_inShanghai.疑：_herparents_inShanghai?.2.YoustudyEnglish.否：YoustudyEnglish.疑：youstudyEnglish?3.HowoftenTomfootball?A.is,playB.do,playC.does,playD.does,plays,dontlive,Do,live,do,Do,C,22,1.Jimusually_(have)lunchathome.2.LiGuanhua_(be)twentyyearsold.3.Howmanystudents_(be)thereinyourclass?4.-_she_(study)hard?-Yes,she_.5.Lucyandlily_(notspeak)Chinese.6.Myfather_(notdo)morningexerciseseveryday.7.Shealways_(wash)herclothesonSundays.8._yourbrother_(like)playingfootball?No,he_.,用所给动词一般现在时态填空:,23,Tomgoestoschooleverydaybybike.1.就Tom提问2.就goestoschool提问3.就bybike提问,请做练习。,1.Whogoestoschooleverydaybybike?,2.WhatdoesTomdoeverydaybybike?,3.HowdoesTomgotoschooleveryday?,24,二,一般将来时,25,一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。与它连用的时间状语有：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inafewdays等。,26,表示将来时的常见形式,1.will+动词原形(I/weshall)2.begoingto+动词原形3.be+todo表示计划,责任,约定或命令4.beabouttodosth表示正要做,马上要做.(不能与表示将来时间的状语连用)5.be+v-ing6.一般现在时表将来,27,flykites,tomorrowHewillflykitestomorrow.,28,TheywillplaybasketballnextWednesday.,playbasketballnextWednesday,29,Hewillflykitestomorrow.,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,No,hewillnot(wont).,Yes,hewill.,Willheflykitestomorrow?,Hewillnotflykitestomorrow.,30,否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:,Theywillplaybasketballthisafternoon.,No,theywillnot(wont).,Yes,theywill.,WilltheyplaybasketballnextWednesday?,Theywillnot(wont)playbasketballnextWednesday.,31,1.will与shallv1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要,会”Shewillgototheparktomorrow.2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。Tomwillbe18nextyear.Springwillcomeagain.TomorrowwillbeSunday.3)will+v有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。-Mycarwontstart.-Dontworry,Iwillcomeandgiveitapush.,32,肯定句主语+shall/will+动词原形其它成分.否定句主语shall/will+not动词原形其它成分.一般疑问句：Shall/will主语动词原形其它成分?特殊疑问句疑问词shall/will+主语动词原形其它成分?如：WhatwilltheydonextSaturday?注：shall用于第一人称。will用于各种人称。口语中常用will代替shall。shallnot=shantwillnot=wont,33,祈使句+and/or+将来时（will）,努力工作否则你就会失败。Workhardoryouwillfail.努力工作你就会成功。Workhardandyouwillsucceed.,34,2、begoingto表示计划，安排要做的事表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。-What_dothisevening?-Iamgoingtodomylessons.看那些乌云要下雨了.Lootatthedarkclouds.It_rain.,isgoingto,areyougoingto,35,3.betodo表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）HeandIaretomeetattherailwaystationtomorrow.Youarenottobebacklate.Ifnotwatered,theplantsaretodie.ThepresidentistospeakonTVtonight.,计划，安排,责任，命令,注定要发生的动作,官方计划或决定,36,4.beabouttodo表示正要做,马上要做.(不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用)was/wereabouttodowhen正要突然发生英语晚会即将开始。TheEnglishEveningPartyisabouttobegin.我正要出去,这时下起了雨.Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.,37,5.be+v-inggo,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,takeoff等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。我们明天动身去青岛.WereleavingforQingdao.,38,6.表示与生日,日历,课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作(一种规律)，用一般现在时表示将来时态常用于转移动词如：begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,closeTheeveningclassbeginsat19:00.火车两点出发.Thetrainstartsattwo.,39,注:在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来时:when,assoonas,before,once,if,unless,evenif,incaseIfyoucomethismorning,wewillhaveameeting.WhenIgraduate,Iwillgotothecountryside,40,1.There_twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobeB.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave,2.Thetwins_tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.aregoD.went,3.-When_wehavethemeeting?-At8.A.areB.shallC.wouldD.will,4.-When_you_forLondon?-Nextweek.A.will;leavingB.are;leavingC.shall;leaveD.have;left,41,Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining,Exercises,42,2.Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm_quiteearly,sowe_tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;go,43,3.Myyoungerbrother_be15yearsoldnextyear.A.isgoingtoB.willC.istoD.should,44,4.Sorry,Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.Nevermind,_postitmyselftonight.A.ImgoingtoB.IprefertoC.IllD.Idrather,45,5.Writetomewhenyougethome._.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican,46,三,一般过去时,47,一般过去时1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。,Igotupearlyyesterday.Howwasyourweekend?Itwasgreat.Shedidntplaysportslastweekend.DidyougotoCentralPark?Yes,Idid.Wheredidyougoonvacation?,结论：1常带有表过去的时间状语（见到这些词用一般过去时）.ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,twodaysago,last(night,week,month,year,),in+一个过去的年份,justnow,attheageof,oneday,longago,onceuponatime(很久以前),48,be的过去时:is-wasamwasare-were,肯定句：主语+过去式+其他Hewasathomeyesterday.否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去式+其他Hewasntathomeyesterday.一般疑问句：was/were+主语+动词原形+其他Washeathomeyesterday?-yes,hewas.-no,hewasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（was/were+主语+过去式+其他）Wherewasheyesterday?,49,行为动词的一般过去式：do-did,肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他Iwenttothemovieyesterday.否定句：主语+didnt(助动词)+动词原形+其他Ididntgotothemovieyesterday.疑问句：Did(助动词)+主语+动词原形+其他Didyougotothemovieyesterday?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(Did+主语+过去式+其他）Wheredidhegoyesterday?(movie)whendidhegotothemovie?(yesterday),50,构成规则,例词,1.一般在动词原形末尾加-edlooklookedplayplayedstartstarted2.结尾是e的动词加-dlivelivedhopehopeduseused,3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed,stopstoppedplanplannedtriptripped,4.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed,studystudiedcarrycarried,规则动词过去式的构成,51,清念/t/,元浊/d/;/t/d/之后念/id/,规则动词-ed的读音,说明：1、清念/t/，即ed在清辅音后面念/t/,例：finishedhelpedpassedcooked2、元浊/d/,即ed在元音，浊辅音后面念/d/,例：borrowedenjoyedcalledmoved3、/t/d/之后念/id/,即ed在/t/d/音后面念/id/例：wantedshoutedneededcounted,52,不规则动词表,InfinitivePasttenseamiswasarewerebeginbegunbreakbrokebringbroughtbuildbuiltbuyboughtcancould,InfinitivePasttensecatchcaughtcomecamedodiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrivedroveeatatefallfell,53,动词过去式转换练习将下列动词变为过去式,返回上页,订正答案,1.look2.live3.stop4.carry5.hope6.trip7.call8.finish9.want10.are11.go12.have13.do14.gete16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read,54,返回上页,返回首页,返回练习,动词过去式转换练习答案,1.looklooked2.livelived3.stopstopped4.carrycarried5.hopehoped6.triptripped7.callcalled8.finishfinished9.wantwanted10.arewere11.gowent12.havehad13.dodid14.getgotecame16.saysaid17.seesaw18.putput19.eatate20.taketook21.readread,55,一般过去时态练习用动词的过去式填空,1._you_(remember)tobuytheoranges?2.Who_(invent)thecomputer.3.We_(go)tothecinemalastnight.Thefilm_(be)verygood.4.Whattime_you_(get)toschoolthismorning?5.Jim_(do)alotyesterday.He_(go)shoppingand_(cook)supper.,返回练习,订正答案,56,用动词的过去式填空,Didyouremembered(remember)tobuytheoranges?2.Whoinvented(invent)thecomputer.3.Wewent(go)tothecin