新概念英语第四册课件.ppt

1,新概念英语第四册课件,我的精神：木棉花，在秋日里放飞自己，只为人间温暖,2,Contents,Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.Whatwouldyousayisthemaincharacteristicofporpoises?Therehaslongbeenasuperstitionamongmarinersthatporpoiseswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemindefensiveformation.1.sharkn.鲨鱼/heisashark他是个大骗子2.Therehaslongbeenlong表完成时=foralongtime,forlong,一般在助动词后3.superstition:迷信同位语从句marinersthat.4.formation:阵形5.defensive:防御型的offensive:进攻型的,Lesson18Porpoises,3,Contents,MarineStudiobiologistshavepointedoutthat,howeverintelligenttheymaybe,itisprobablyamistaketocreditdolphinswithanymotiveoflifesaving.海洋摄影室的生物学家指出，无论海豚多么聪明，认为它们有救人的动机可能是错误的。1.MarineStudio海洋摄影室marine海洋2.submarine潜水艇mariner/sailor/seaman水手3.marineproduct海产品freshmarineproduct海鲜4.however=elligent:聪明6.credit:给颁发奖赏creditwith,Lesson18Porpoises,4,Contents,Ontheoccasionswhentheyhavepushedtoshoreanunconscioushumanbeingtheyhavemuchmorelikelydoneitoutofcuriosityorforsport,asinridingthebowwavesofaship.当它们偶尔把一个失去知觉的人推到岸边时，更大的可能是出于好奇或游戏，就像它们追逐被船首犁开的浪花一样。1.unconsciousa.不省人事conscientious有良知的,narcoses昏迷的insensible没感知的2.ontheoccasions(场合),接后置定语时只能用when,不能用where3.outofcuriosity:出于好奇确良outofinstinct出于本能outofconscience出于良心4.bowwavesofaship船头滑过的波浪，乘风破浪前进,Lesson18Porpoises,5,Contents,In1928someporpoiseswerephotographerworkinglikebeaverstopushashoreawaterloggedmattress.1928年，有人拍摄到了海豚像海狸一样把浸透水的床垫推上岸的情景。1.beavern.海狸2.ashoread.上岸/只要具有a+动词/形容词，都是表语词asleep,awake,acrawl,afloat,adrift都具有表语特点，只能说heis不能用定语结构，不能说asleepman.3.waterlogged:浸透的4.mattress木排，柴排,Lesson18Porpoises,6,Contents,If,ashasbeenreported,theyhaveprotectedhumansfromsharks,itmayhavebeenbecausecuriosityattractedthemandbecausethescentofapossiblemealattractedthesharks.正如报道中所说，如果海豚保护人不受鲨鱼侵害，那么它们可能是出于好奇；而鲨鱼可能是闻到了可以美食一顿的香味。scentn.香味scent身体发出味道fragrance-flower,tree,grass,香山fragranthills.aroma强烈的味道perfume:香水（aroma）,Lesson18Porpoises,7,Contents,Itispossiblethatuponsuchanoccasionabattleensued,withthesharksbeingdrivenawayorkilled.双方可能随之发生搏斗，搏斗结果是海豚赶走或咬死鲨鱼。ensuevt.接着发生ensueyear:来年（followingyear）precedingyear:前一年,Lesson18Porpoises,8,Contents,Whetheritbebird,fishorbeast,theporpoiseisintriguedwithanythingthatisalive.海豚对凡是活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟、是鱼，还是野兽。1.intriguevt.引起兴趣/arrest,capture,seize,grab，attention2.Theeventisintriguing(interesting)3.Whetheritbe=Whetherit(may/might)be表让步，无论是,Lesson18Porpoises,9,Contents,Theyareconstantlyaftertheturtles,whopeacefullysubmittoallsortsofindignities.它们经常追逐海龟，海龟则温顺地忍受着各种侮辱。1.turtlen.海龟turtle-neck:高领毛衣2.indignityn.侮辱dignity尊严/Itisbeneathhisdignityforagentlemantolie.standononesdignity保持尊严/Hestoodonhisdignitybyrejectingthemoneyhehasgivenhim.Itisanindignitytosaysorryinpublic.loseface,humiliation,insult侮辱3.constantly不停地beafter追逐,Lesson18Porpoises,10,Contents,Oneyoungcalfespeciallyenjoyedraisingaturtletothesurfacewithhissnoutandthenshovinghimacrossthetanklikeanaquaplane.一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟推到水面，然后像滑水板一样把海龟从水池的这一边推到那一边。1.shovevt.硬推Therewasmuchshovingongettingonthebus./Heshovedmetotheground.2.aquaplanen.驾浪滑水板aqua水+plane木板,Lesson18Porpoises,11,Contents,Almostanydayayoungporpoisemaybeseentryingtoturna300-poundseaturtleoverbystickinghissnoutundertheedgeofhisshellandpushingupfordearlife.几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚把鼻子顶入一只300磅重的海龟的硬壳下面，拼命地把它翻过来。1.stickvt.把-插入Igotthewrongendofthestick.我听不懂。Istickathome./Isticktomyword.我说话算数。Imstuckonthemovie.这部影片让我着迷。stickon:迷恋/Thebadhabitstickstome.这个坏习惯我就是改不了。2.shelln.动物身上的甲boneandshellscript甲骨文fordearlife拼命地dear宝贵的chasesb.fordearlife,Lesson18Porpoises,12,Contents,Inanothergame,astheturtleswimsacrosstheoceanarium,thefirstporpoiseswoopsdownfromaboveandbuttshisshellwithhisbelly.在另一场游戏中，当海龟游过水族馆时，第一只海豚从上方猛扑下去，用腹部撞击龟壳。1.oceanariumn.水族馆ocean+arium/rium:地点stadium工体gymnasium:体育馆2.swoopvi猛扑pounce狮子老虎扑海洋动物用swoop3.buttvt.碰撞Ibutthiminthestomach./CanIbutting(interrupt)?4.bellyn.腹部beerbelly,bellylaughabdomen医学用语,paunch大腹便便,Lesson18Porpoises,13,Contents,Henosoonerrecovershisequilibriumthanthenextporpoisecomesalongandhitshimanothercrack.海龟刚恢复平衡，第二只海豚又冲过来猛击一下。1.crackn.重击crackcase破案/crackbottle开瓶/cracksmile:绽放笑容crackbook:读书/crackEnglish:speakquickly,clearly,loudly2.nosoonerthan:assoonas,scarcely/hardlywhen当就Heisnowsatisfiedmerelytotrytostandup,butassoonashedoessoaporpoiseknockshimflat.此时的海龟，只要能站起来就满足了，但它刚站起来，就被一只海豚击倒。,Lesson18Porpoises,14,Contents,Itisfairlyclearthatsleepingperiodmusthavesomefunction,andbecausethereissomuchofitthefunctionwouldseemtobeimportant.很清楚，睡眠必然具有某种作用。睡眠占去那么多时间，所以其作用似乎还是很重要。Speculationsaboutisnaturehavebeengoingonforliterallythousandsofyears,andoneoddfindingthatmakestheproblempuzzlingisthatitlooksverymuchasifsleepingisnotsimplyamatterofgivingthebodyarest.人们对睡眠作用的种种猜测，确实有数千年之久。一项使人对这个问题感到困惑的奇怪的发现是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不仅仅是为了使身体得到休息。,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,15,speculationn.推测speculate,predict;speculation:withoutacompleteknowledgepredict:basedonsolidfoundation.speculateabout/onsth.instocks/speculatorIcanpredictinthenearfuturetherewillbenewtypeofmobilephonethatisvisiblemobilephone.literallyad.确实literal/literature/literate/illiterate/illiteracyliteraltranslation直译法freetranslationwordtoword逐字翻译法Thechildrenareliterallyhungry.孩子们真的饿了。odda.奇特的eccentricity/eccentric,oddity/eccentricity,oddmonth大月leapmonth闰月/evenmonth小bizarre/weird/outlandish怪dreamtelling/dreamteller/fortuneteller/palmreader,16,Contents,Rest,intermsofmusclerelaxationandsoon,canbeachievedbyabriefperiodlying,orevensittingdown.“休息”，从使肌肉得到放松等方面来看，只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能达到。1.intermsof就而言Intermsofourfamily,wewouldliketogoonanouting.2.Asforwithregardto,/regardinginrespectof/asfor3.overthrowourformerhypothesis推翻了我们以前的论点4.abriefperioddoing稍微,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,17,Contents,Thebodystissuesareself-repairingandself-restoringtoadegree,andfunctionbestwhenmoreorlesscontinuouslyactive.人体组织在一定程度上有自我修补和自我恢复的能力，有张有弛地连续活动时，其功能最佳。1.tissuen.组织（纤维，神经，肌肉组织）facetissue面巾纸2.toadegree:tosomeextent/inasense3.whenmoreorlesscontinuouslyactive.省略了主语tissues和谓语are.如果出现when/if/though句型做状语从句，而主句的主，谓语与从句主，谓语相同，则从句的主，谓语可以省略。Igottotheschoolthough(Iwas)late.,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,18,Contents,Infactabasicamountofmovementoccursduringsleepwhichisspecificallyconcernedwithpreventingmuscleinactivity.事实上，睡眠状态下仍有着基本的活动量，以防止肌肉活动停止。1.beconcernedwith:beabout2.beconcernedaboutIfitisnotaquestionofrestingthebody,thenperhapsitisthebrainthatneedsresting?如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身体得到休息，那么也许是让大脑得以休息？,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,19,Thismightbeaplausiblehypothesiswereitnotfortwofactors.若不是下面两点，这种假使似乎是有道理的。plausiblen.似乎有理的；区别reasonable.Whatyousaidisreasonable.Iwillacceptit.Whatyousaidisplausible,butitisnotverypracticalnowadays.convincing/persuasivehypothesisn.假说thesis/theory,hypo/hypotension低血压，hypocritical，hypocrite伪君子hypertension高血压，hypercritical/picky/finicky太挑剔hypersensitive过敏Iamhypersensitivetobeef/alcohol.mightbe表示虚拟语气wereitnot=ifitwerenotbutfor若不是Ifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp,Iwouldnotsurvive.Butforhistimelyhelp,Iwouldnotsurvive.,20,Contents,Firsttheelectroencephalograph(whichissimplyadeviceforrecordingtheelectricalactivityofthebrainbyattachingelectrodestothescalp)showsthatwhilethereisachangeinthepatternofactivityduringsleep,thereisnoevidencethatthetotalamountofactivityisanyless.第一点，脑电图记录仪（不过是一种把电极接到头皮上记录脑电活动的仪器）显示，人在睡眠时大脑活动的方式有变化，但没有迹象表明，其活动总量有任何减少。1.electroencephalographn.脑电图仪electroden.电极lightningrod避雷针2.scalpn.头皮skull头颅，havethescalpofsb.取胜某人3.lieflat/lieononesside/lieonstomach,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,21,Contents,SomeyearsagoanAmericanpsychiatristnamedWilliamDementpublishedexperimentsdealingwiththerecordingofeye-movementsduringsleep.前些年，美国一位精神病学者发表了一篇报告，报告中记录了眼球在睡眠时的活动情况。1.psychiatristn.精神病学家psychology2.dealingwith:beconcernedwith,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,22,Contents,Heshowedthattheaverageindividualssleepcycleispunctuatedwithpeculiarburstsofeye-movements,somedriftingandslow,othersjerkyandrapid.他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球队活动，这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢，有的急剧而快速。1.punctuatevt.不时介入punctuatethepassage给段落加注标点，punctuation标点符号Hepunctuatesinourtalk.punctual/onthedot/ingoodtime/puncture/acupuncture2.buttin插句话3.jerkya.急动的jerk烦/bore/trial/nuisance,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,23,Contents,Ifonegroupofpeopleweredisturbedfromtheireye-movementsleepforseveralnightsonend,andanothergroupweredisturbedforanequalperiodoftimebutwhentheywerenoexhibitingeye-movements,thefirstgroupbegantoshowsomepersonalitydisorderswhiletheothersseemedmoreorlessunaffected.如果有两组人，一组人连续几夜在眼球活动时被叫醒；另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，但是在眼球没活动时被叫醒的。结果，第一组人开始出现性格失常，而第二组人似乎没受什么影响。1.onend连续不断地IhavebeenlearningEnglishforamonthonend.Ithasbeenrainingforthreedaysonend.2.exhibiting:showing,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,24,Contents,Theimplicationsofallthiswerethatitwasnotthedisturbanceofsleepthatmattered,butthedisturbanceofdreaming.这一切暗示我们：睡眠受到干忧没关系，而做梦受到干忧是有问题的。1.implicationn.表明imply,Whatdoesthesecondspeakerimply?Yousaidit./Youcansayitagain.2.explicate(反）,Lesson19Thestuffofdreams,25,Contents,Howitcameaboutthatsnakesmanufacturedpoisonisamystery.Overtheperiodstheirsaliva,amild,digestivejuicelikeourown,wasconvertedintoapoisonthatdefiesanalysiseventoday.蛇是怎样产生毒液的，这是一个谜。蛇的唾液本来和我们人的消化液一样柔和，但经过漫长的时间，演变成了今天仍无法分析清楚的毒液。1.salivan.唾液2.digestiveadj.助消化的3.defyv.使不可能4.analysisn.分析,Lesson20Snakepoison,26,Contents,Itwasnotforceduponthembythesurvivalcompetition;theycouldhavecaughtandlivedonpreywithoutusingpoison,justasthethousandsofnon-poisonoussnakesstilldo.Poisontoasnakeismerelyaluxury;itenablesittogetitsfoodwithverylittleeffort,nomoreeffortthanonebite.毒液不是生存竞争强加给它们的，它们也可以不用毒液捕捉动物而生存，就像今天成千上万的无毒蛇那样。毒液对毒蛇来说只不过是一种舒适生存的优越手段，它使蛇不用费多大力气就能捕获到食物，轻咬一口即可。,Lesson20Snakepoison,27,Contents,Andwhyonlysnakes?Cats,forinstance,wouldbegreatlyhelped;norunningfightswithlarge,fierceratsortussleswithgrownrabbits-justabiteandnomoreeffortneeded.Infact,itwouldbeanassistancetoallcarnivoresthoughitwouldbeatwo-edgedweaponwhentheyfoughteachother.为什么只有蛇才有毒液呢？譬如说，如果猫有毒液，那对猫会大有帮助，它就不必再和又大又凶的老鼠边跑边博斗了，也不必再和大兔子扭斗了，只要咬一口，就不必再费大力气。因此，任何食肉动物有了毒液，都能从中获益。不过，当它们相互撕打时，毒液就成了利弊参半的武，可以杀死对方，也可以被对方的毒液杀死。fierceadj.凶猛的tusslen.扭打,Lesson20Snakepoison,28,Contents,But,ofthevertebrates,unpredictableNatureselectedonlysnakes(andonelizard).OnewondersalsowhyNature,withsomesnakesconcoctedpoisonofsuchextremepotency.Intheconversionofsalivaintopoison,onemightsupposethatafixedprocesstookplace.然而，在脊椎动物中，大自然神秘模测地只选择了蛇（还有一种蜥蜴），人们弄不清楚大自然为什么在某些蛇的身上调制出如此高效的毒液来。人们可能认为，唾液转变成毒液，其中有固定的程序。concoctv.调制conversionn.转变potencyn.效力,Lesson20Snakepoison,29,Contents,Itdidnot;somesnakesmanufactureapoisondifferentineveryrespectfromthatofothers,asdifferentasarsenicisfromstrychnine,andhavingdifferenteffects.Onepoisonactsonthenerves,theotherontheblood.其实没有