一些特殊连词的用法

.,如何掌握一些特殊连词的用法？玄武高级中学梅园校区章磊,.,由于受母语句子结构与逻辑关系的影响，学生常常把because和so连用、although和but连用。英语中because和so、although和but为什么不能连用？两个分句之间用because连接和用so连接、用although连接和用but连接在句法功能和语义上有什么差别？Unless在句子中该如何使用呢？,.,连词中的从属连词包括引导各种状语从句（包括时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步状语从句）的引导词（如when,before,until,where,wherever,because,as,since,sothat,inorderthat,sothat,if,unless,although等）。,.,一、Because的用法例句：Becausehestayeduplastnight,hefeltsleepyinclass.because的中文意思是因为，用来连接两个句子，because既可以放在句首的位置，也可以放在后面。,.,例：1.Istayedathomeyesterdayeveningbecauseitrained.=Becauseitrained,Istayedathomeyesterdayevening.2.Tomwenttobedverylatelastnightbecausehehadalotofhomework.=Becausehehadalotofhomework,Tomwenttobedverylatelastnight.,.,Because句型中的常见错误：1.因为我没有钱，所以我昨晚就没买那本书了。2.因为他要看篮球赛，所以我们就和他一起去。上述两句例句，对我们来说，是百分百正确的句子，但在英文来说，却是错误的。在英语中，若选择用because,就不要用so;反之，若选择用so,就不要用because。,.,上述句子可以说成：1.BecauseIhadnomoney,Ididntbuythebooklastnight.或Ihadnomoney,soIdidntbuythebooklastnight.2.Becausehewantstogotothebasketballgame,wegowithhim.或Hewantstogotothebasketballgame,sowegowithhim.,.,2011莆田WhydoyoulikethisTVprogram?_itsveryinterestingandexciting.A.ThoughB.BecauseC.So2011宜宾Hedidntgotoschoolyesterday_hewasill.A.becauseB.becauseofC.ifD.so,.,二、If的用法if是英语中出现频率很高的连词，并且它的用法也很多。学生感到很难掌握，为了让同学们更多更好地了解其用法及其语法功能。现结合教学中遇到的情况，予以归纳。,.,1.if作为连词，引导条件状语从句，它表示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。在复合句中如果主句用将来时，则if引导的状语从句用一般现在时。例如：Ifitdoesntrain,wewillgototheparknextSunday.Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou,.,2.if作为连词还可以引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句时和whether意思相同。例如：Lilyaskedif/whethershelikedit.Sheaskedifwhethertheyhadacottonone.,.,2013沈阳Youcansavemoney_youbuycheaperthings.A.beforeB.unlessC.ifD.until2013大庆Nothingintheworldisdifficult_youputyourheartintoit.A.unlessB.thoughC.becauseD.if,.,三、unless的用法unless是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义，相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式。所以unless=ifnot。注意：unless引导的条件状语从句和if条件状语从句，与其它时间状语从句一样，用一般现在时代替将来时。,.,连词unless意为“除非如果不”，“除了”，多引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件旬。unless引导条件句时，主要用于下列情况。1.主句为肯定句。如：YouwillmissthebusunlessyouhurryupYoullfailinchemistryagainunlessyouworkharder,.,2.主句为否定句。如：UnlessyouoilthemotorregularlyitwontrunsmoothlyYouwillnevergetanywhereunlessyouhavesetyourgoal,.,3.unless在意义上相当于if.not，因此在有些场合中unless与if.not可互换使用。UnlessIammistaken,Iveseenthatmanbefore=lfIamnotmistaken,Iveseenthatmanbefore,.,2013潍坊MayIgotoJinbaoParkwithyounextSunday?No,youcant,_youhaveaticket.Ihaveonlyoneticket.A.ifB.untilC.unlessD.assoonas,.,四、although与though的区别和用法1.用作连词表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是although比though更为正式：ThoughAlthoughitwasraining，wewentthere.ThoughAlthoughitwasbarelyfouroclock,thelightswerealreadyon.,.,2.用作副词although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”、“不过”：Itshardwork;Ienjoyitthough.Heislookingfit,though.Youcancountonhim,though.,.,3.用于习语在asthough(好像，仿佛)，eventhough(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although：Sheclosedhereyesasthoughsheweretired.Wefeltasthoughwehadwitnessedthewholething.,.,根据句子意思，选择although或though填空。1.Itwasahardjob,hetookit_.2.Look!Somepeoplearerunningtheredlights.Weshouldwait_othersarebreakingtherule.,although,though,.,2011丽水1.一Icanstayandhelpyou_youlike一SoniceofyouBillAuntilB.thoughCifDand2011青岛2.Youwillachievenothing_youworkhard.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.that,.,2011广州2._theyareverytired,theyfeelhappybecausetheyvefinallyfinishedtheirproject.A.SoB.AlthoughC.IfD.But2013连云港Iwontwatchbasketballmatches_Jamesisplaying.Hep