英语演讲-地震参考课件.ppt

,1,Earthquake,2,Earthquakeknowledge,Impactsonhumanlife,Buildingreinforcement,Escapefromearthquake,Contents,3,1.Earthquakeknowledge,earthquakewave(震波)Source(震源)Focaldepth(震源深度)P-wave(纵波)andS-wave(横波)magnitude(地震震级)andearthquakeintensity(地震烈度),4,earthquakewave,Thesharpburstoccurredwithintheearthproduced,5,Source,Onthegroundfromtherecentpoint,6,Focaldepth,Theepicenterofthedepthtothesource,7,Shallowsourceearthquake(浅源地震):ermediate-focusearthquake（中源地震）:focaldepthin60-300kilometers.Deepsourceearthquake（深源地震）:focaldepthmorethan300kilometers.,8,P-waveandS-wave,P-wavetomakethegroundfluctuationbouncingoff,S-waveshakingthegroundlevel,9,10,magnitude,Smallearthquake（小地震）:lessthan2.5levelsofearthquakesInductiveearthquake（有感地震）:2.5-4.7earthquakeDestructiveearthquake（破坏性地震）:morethan4.7earthquake,11,intensity（烈度）:Themeasureofearthquakedamage(12degrees),intensity,12,13,Damages,Benefits,Impactsonhumanlife,14,specificdamages,Nowletslook.,15,Thedestructionofbuildings,16,17,Grounddamages,18,TsunamisUnderseaearthquakes,19,Fire,Floods,Gasleak,Plague,Secondarydisaster,20,Sometimes,secondarydisastercausebiggercasualtiesandlossesthanwhichwerecoursedbydirectdisaster.,21,FireinearthquakeinKanto,22,TheearthquakeinTangshancausedpollutioninTuojiangandcausedthefishdiedintheriver.,23,comparison,Deathtollandeconomiclosscausedbytheearthquakeindevelopedcountriesmuchlessthandevelopingcountries.,里氏8.5级,里氏8.0级,24,Nothingbutharm!,BENEFITS,25,1.Avarietyofmountainsandrivers（奇山异水）,theseveremovementofthecrust（地壳）raiseupblockmountains(断层山)sinkdownwarpedlakes（凹陷湖）,26,HuangshanMountain,27,HuashanMountain,28,LushanMountain,29,TaishanMountain,30,QinghaiLake,31,PoyangLake,32,DongtingLake,33,DianchiLakeinYunnan,34,somespringsSouthandNorthhotspringinchongqingprovince.,35,2、Abundantmineralresources,therelativemotionofthecrust（地壳）uptothesurfaceoftheearthforhumanexplorationfacilitatedmulti-metalore（成矿）belt,36,3、Artificialearthquake（人工地震）explorationforoil,takeplacebeforehumanhistory（人类历史时期）alotofbenefitsishelpfultotheformationofpetroleum（石油）,37,Buildingreinforcement,38,Goal:nodamageunderfrequentearthquake,repairabledamagesunderbasicearthquakeandnocollapseunderrareearthquake.,39,Commonproblemsinarchitecturalengineering,40,DesigndefectsCantmeetthedemandsArchitecturalplanningandlocationisimproperPoorquality,41,Solutions,42,Goodlocations,43,Reasonablestructures,44,Goodseismicbehaviormustcomefromrelativelysimplestructures!,Uniformandsymmetricalwalls（墙体均匀对称）,45,Usewoodmaterials,46,Strengthenconstructionmanagement,47,Adoptionofnewtechnology,Seismicenergydissipation（消能减震）,48,Seismicisolation(隔震）,Bearingscansupportstableoftheupperstructuretoisolateseismicenergy。,49,50,Escapefromearthquake,Triangleoflifewillbeformednexttobeds,desks,bigfurnitureandcars.,51,Whatissurvivaltriangle?,SurvivalTriangle,Thesearefallenwallsandbeams.,Whenanearthquakeoccurs,youhavetofindatriangleofspacetoescapefromtheearthquake.,52,Manypeopledonotunderstandthetriangle,sotheyteachchildrenlikethis!,Whenanearthquakeoccurs,youcannotdolikethis!1、Shelterunderthetable，bedorcar2、Crouchinthecorner3、Standbesidethedoor,53,Therightway!,Whentheearthquakehappens,youshoulddolikethis!,54,Whereisthesurvivaltriangle?,Ifyouhavenotimetoleavethehouse，youdbetterhideinthebathroomwhichhaslotsofsupportsandsmallspaces