定语从句完整课件.ppt

定语从句,需要掌握知识：1.定义2.关系词的分类及用法3.that和which用法比较4.特殊定语从句,AttributiveClause（定语从句）一：概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词:whowhomthatwhichwhose,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,二：引导词通常有三个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.指代先行词；3.在定语从句中充当句子成分。Thebookthatyoureferredtoismine.,1.Thegirl_issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt_(_Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel_youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.,who/that,which/that),(that/which),who/that,(that/whom),注意：1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。2当关系代词充当动词和介词的宾语时可省略，但如果介词提前的话，不可以用that,而且不可以省略。3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致注意：oneof+名词的复数theonly/thejust/thevery+oneof+名词复数。4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。,关系代词的功能：Who指人做主语Whom指人作宾语That指人也指物，做主语也做宾语Which指物，做主语也做宾语Whose指人也指物，做定语，强调所属关系When指时间，做时间状语Where指地点，做地点状语Why指原因，做原因状语,例1.Theman_gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.,that/who,指人:that/who(主语),那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌。那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边。,Thegirlwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeismydeskmate.,Theboywho/thathurtmyprideonceisoverthere.,例2:Theboy_thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.,(whom/that),指人:whom/that(宾语,可省略),你所提到的那个老师已经退休。你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴。,Theteacher(that/whom)youreferredtohasretired.Theboy(that/whom)youcaredaboutisasstubbornasadonkey.,例3:Thecar_isredwasdamagedyesterday.,that/which,指物:that/which(主语),属于我的那本书很贵重。正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校。Thebookwhich/thatbelongstomeisvaluable.Theschoolwhich/thatisbeingrepairedisournewschool.,例4:Thequestion_Idontunderstandisaboutgrammar.,(that/which),指物:that/which(宾语,可省略),我所喜欢的科目是地理。我不擅长的语法是定语从句。Thesubject(that/which)Iamfondofisgeography.Thegrammar(that/which)Iamnotgoodatistheattributiveclause.,正在打篮球的男生们来自一年级。,TheboysarefromGradeOne.,who/thatareplayingbasketball,2.照顾我姐姐的护士很善良。,Thenurseiskind.,who/thatlooksaftermysister,Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”,which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.,3.我们观看那部戏是由老舍写的茶馆。,4.你昨天所见的那个年轻人是个著名的作家。,Theyoungman(whom/that)yousawyesterdayisafamouswriter.,5.一听到那个消息，那个名字叫Tom的男生刚才潸然泪下。6.封皮是蓝色的那本书不见了。7.这就是我出生的村庄。8.我永远不会忘记我哥哥参军的那一天。9.你相信他迟到的理由吗？5.Atthesoundofthenews,theboywhosenameisTomburstintotearsjustnow.6.Thebookwhosecoverisblueismissing.7.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.8.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy.9.Doyoubelievethereasonwhyhewaslate?,1.Whose在引导定语从句时，用作定语。指人时：=the+n+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+n指物时：=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n,DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?Doyouknowthemanthenameofwhom/ofwhomthenameisWangYu?Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhich/ofwhichtheroofisred.,1.Thestudent_fatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere.2.Iliketherooms_windowsfacesouth.3.Thisisthedesk_legswerebroken.请问同学们：你能用别的方式改写吗？,whose,whose,whose,1.Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman_husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.that,B,2.Lastweek，wewatchedBeijingOpera，_stylewasunfamiliartomostofus.AwhatBwhichCwhereDwhose,D,3.Manychildren，_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.AtheirBwhoseCofthemDwithwhom,B,2.只用Which引导的定语从句。常规情况下：which在从句做主语或宾语，但介词提前时，只用which。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.(主语）Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.（宾语）Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.（宾语）,注意：whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.,which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子或者某个词。1.Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.2.Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whichthewholefamilyconsideredagreathonor.3.Sheisalwayslateforclass,whichmakestheteacherangry.,3、由that引导的定语从句。常规情况下：that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语。但：1.that不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.()Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.()Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.()2.that也不可以引导非限制性定语从句。,1.WewenttoMountainTailastweekend，_，notsurprisingly，wascrowdedwithvisitors.AthatBwhichCwhereDWhen2.Therearealtogetherfiftysixstudentsinourclass，_isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage.AthemosthardworkingofwhoBofwhomthemosthardworkingCthemosthardworkingofthemDbutthemosthardworkingofwhom,B,B,注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.当先行词是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主从句。Anybodywhorefusedtobowwasthrownintoprisonwithouttrial.Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.,先行词被序数词、thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰。ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.,先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.,当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?Whichisthebook(that)youwant?如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which/who，则另一个用that.,Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.Imetthepoetwhowrotethepoemthatispopular.8.当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定语从句中做表语时。Chinaisnolongerthecountry_itusedtobe.=Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.,that,(衡水中学)Theywentonwellatfirstbuteventuallyeverything_theyhadworriedabouthappened.AwhichBwhatCthatDWhen(南昌调研)Youcanonlybesureofall_youhaveatpresent；youcannotbesureofsomething_youmightgetinthefuture.Athat;whatBthat;/Cwhich;thatDwhat;that,C,B,(宁波联考)Doyouagreewithherideasatthemeeting?Absolutely，whatshesjustsaidistheveryidea_Iwanttoexpress.AthatBwhatCwhichDWhyHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_theyrememberedintheschool.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhat,A,B,5.When/where/why引导的定语从句：当先行词为指时间，地点，原因的名词时，在从句中做状语时，要用关系副词when/where/why.但一定要认真分析句子的成分。Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.AwhyBwhatCthatDwhere,D,1.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.AwhichBwhereChowDWhy2.Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.AthatBwhenCwhichDwhere,B,D,(锦州二模)SoyouknowDella?Yes，itwaslastweek_IsurfedtheInternet.AthatBwhenCsinceDbeforeAbookofficeisaplacewhereticketsaresold.此句可以改为：Abookofficeisaplaceinwhichticketsaresold.因此定语从句中关系副词where=介词+which.,B,Thisisthehousewherehelives.,=Thisisthehouse_helives.,=Thisisthehouse_helivesin.,inwhich,(which/that),Istillremembertheyearwhenwestudiedtogether.=Istillremembertheyearinwhichwestudiedtogether.=Istillremembertheyear(which/that)westudiedintogether.,DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?,Doyouknowthereason_Ileftearly?,但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which.Thereason_hegaveuswasunacceptable.Isthisthereasonthat/whichhetoldyou?Isthisthereasonwhyhewaslateforclass?(forwhich),forwhich,that/which,关系代词和关系副词的选用。,在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。,1.Thisisthefactorywhich/thatproducesTVsets.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.(inwhich),2.Illneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.Illneverforgetthedaywhenhishousewasbrokeninto.(onwhich),问题：1.是不是先行词为时间名词，地点名词，原因名词，就一定选择关系副词：when,where,why?2.请问关系副词和关系代词的转换是什么样地？Thisisthevillage_Iwasbornin.Thisisthevillage_Iwasborn.Thisisthevillagein_Iwasborn.Idontbelievethereason_hewaslate.Idontbelievethereason_hementionedjustnow.Iwillneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.Iwillforgettheday_youcametothisschool.,Which/that,where,which,why,That/which,when,That/which,when,当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况:?Idontlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother.（choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank）A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD./Ourchemistryteacherannouncedthathewoulddotheexperimentinadifferentway_wemightfindinteresting.AwhichBinwhichCinthatDwhat,B,A,在Itstime句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。Itis(high/about)timethat主语+谓语（should+v）/过去式Itisthefirsttimethat主语+谓语(现在完成时)Itwasthefirsttimethat+主语+谓语（过去完成时）ItishightimethatI_todothephysicshomework.A.goB.wentC.shallgoD.havegoneItisthefirsttime_hehasbeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which,B,A,定语从句的主谓一致问题：1.定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。HereisaletterfromMrBrown,who_tocometoParis.(want)I,who_yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.(be)Thosewho_lateforthemeetingshallbepunished.(be),wants,am,are,2.oneof+复数名词+who/which/that+复数谓语the(only)oneof+复数名词+who/which/that+单数谓语Sheisoneofthestudentswho_praisedatthemeetingyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.isD.areHeistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen,B,D,as引导的定语从句:as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成thesameas,suchas等结构。Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.请问：thesameas与thesamethat的区别？Suchas与suchthat的区别？,Suchas-“像。那样的”as引导定语从句，从句不完整，as要在从句中充当主语或宾语。Suchthat-”如此。以至于”that引导结果状语从句，从句完整，that不充当任何成分。Thisissuchadifficultproblem_allofuscantworkitout.Thisissuchadifficultproblem_allofuscantworkout.Thisissuchabigwatermelon_Iboughtitatonce.Thisissuchabigwatermelon_Iboughtyesterday.,that,as,that,as,Ihaveboughtthesamewatch_youhave.AthatBwhichCasDWhoseHisstocksaresoldatsuchalowprice_hedidntexpect.AasBthatCwhenDwhich,C,A,as引导非限制性定语。可以放在主句之前、常用于这种类似插入语的句式有Asissaidabove,Asisalreadymentionedabove,Asisknowntoall,Asitis,Asisoftenthecase,Asisreportedinthenewspaper,(云南昆明质检)_isgenerallythecase，thosewhocarefortheweakestmembersofsocietyarerespected.AWhichBThatCWhatDAs(常德测试卷)_isreportedinthenewspaper，peopleinSichuanProvincearerecoveringfromtheterribledisasterandlivinganormallife.AItBAsCThatDWhat,D,B,注意：在引导非限制定语从句时which和as的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which表示“这一点”有因果关系或者从句是否定句。,(2007西城)Theprojectturnedouttobeverygood，_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.AwhatBthatCwhichDThis他再次迟到，这一点让他的班主任很生气。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.,C,介词+关系代词小试一下,Thisisthegirl_Ilearnedthenews.Wearelookingfortheperson_thebookbelongs.Heistheman_housethepictureswerestolen.Hestoodnearthewindow,_hecouldseethewholegarden.同学们，你们发现什么方法？,Fromwhich,Towhom,Fromwhose,Fromwhere,1.Thisisthehouse_mygrandfatheroncelived.2.Thefilm_Imspeakingistobeshownnextweek.3.Thisistheman_Ilearnthenews.(苏、锡、常、镇四市联考)Hedidntputthethings_theybelonged，for_reasonhegothispunishment.Awhich;thatBwhat;thatCthat;whoseDwhere;which,Inwhich,Ofwhich,Fromwhich,D,三、“介词关系代词(which/whom/whose)”引导的定语从句1关系代词的选用：关系代词指人时，只可用whom；关系代词指物时，只可用which。Therich，for_moneywasnotaproblem，wantedtostayatanexpensivehotel.AtheirBthemCwhoseDwhom,D,1.根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词,Wateristhenaturalmedium_fishlive.2.根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。Physicsisthesubjectinourschool_everystudentisinterested.3.根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。Iknowawood_youcanfindroses.4.根据句意来确定介词。Thisisthebook_Igotthestory.如何确定介词？,Inwhich,Inwhich,Inwhich,Fromwhich,(长郡中学)ItwassurprisingtoseealltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma，_turnedupararerainbowsoon.AofwhichBwhereCfromwhichDabovewhich(贵港监测)Thefilm_IamspeakingistobeshownatthePeoplesCinema.AtowhichBwithwhichCofwhichDonwhich,D,C,(陕西重点联考)Theposition，however，_youareapplying，isnotquiteawellpaidone.AthatBwhichCforwhichDtowhich(浙江五校联考)Hecamebacklate，_whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft.AafterBbyCatDduring,C,B,根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配_IspentfiveYuan._IpaidfiveYuan.Thisisthebook_Ilearntalot._therearefewnewwords._Tomoftentalks.根据先行词的搭配习惯theday_Ijoinedtheleague.Istillrememberthedays_Ilivedthere.theyears_Istayedthere.,Onwhich,Forwhich,Fromwhich,Inwhich,Aboutwhich,Onwhich,Duringwhich,Inwhich,(长郡中学)ItwassurprisingtoseealltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma，_turnedupararerainbowsoon.AofwhichBwhereCfromwhichDabovewhich,D,(陕西重点联考)Theposition，however，_youareapplying，isnotquiteawellpaidone.AthatBwhichCforwhichDtowhich(浙江五校联考)Hecamebacklate，_whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft.AafterBbyCatDduring,C,B,介词+which/whom中的介词的确定,(3.)先行词的习惯选取：也根据从句中谓语动词与先行词的习惯搭配Thespeed_lighttravelsis300,000meterspersecond.Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen,_wecouldntlive._wecanrescuepatients.,_fireburnsmuchbetter.,Inwhich,Withoutwhich,Withwhich,Atwhich,(4)介词关系代词前还可用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few等，代词、名词或数词等构成复合介词短语。Hissons，bothofwhomlovedmusicverymuch，spentmostoftheirmoneyonCDs.他的两个儿子都热爱音乐，他们把大部分钱用来买CD唱片。,JamesandAlex，_clothesHarryhadtakenaway，hadtoleavethepoolwithnothingon.AbothofwhichBbothofwhoseCneitherofwhomDneitherofwhich书架上有很多书，没有一本是你的。他有两个儿子，没有一个是律师。他学到了很多知识，大部分是来自课本。Therearemanybooksontheshelf,noneofwhichareyours.Hehas2sons,neitherofwhomarelawyers.Hehaslearnedalotofknowledge,mostofwhicharefrombooks.,B,二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开。使用时应注意以下几点：1.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。2.非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可省略，不管在从句中充当什么成分。,(山东)WheneverImether，_wasfairlyoften，shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.AwhoBwhichCwhenDThat(北京西城区)Morewildtigershavebeenseenintheforestaroundthisarea，_thereusedtobeveryfew.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich,B,B,定语从句与强调句的区分？Itisat5oclock_theaccidenthappened.Itwas5oclock_theaccidenthappened.ItwasinBaiheCounty_Iwasborn.ItwasBaiheCounty_Iwasborn.其他句型：Therewasatime_womenwerelookeddownupon.Thisisatime_womenplayanimportantpartintheworld.Daysaregone_wehadnothingtoeat.,that,when,that,where,when,when,when,When引导定语从句与时间状语从句的区分：When引导定语从句时，从句修饰限定先行词，跟在先行词后面。When引导时间状语从句时，说明动作发生的时间，可以放在主句之前。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?Whentheclassisover,thelightwentout.Doyouknowthetimewhenheleft?Whenheleft,whatdidyoudo?,定语从句,时间状语从句,定语从句,时间状语从句,Where引导定语从句和地点状语从句的区分：Where引导定语从句是，修饰限定表地点的先行词。Where引导地点状语从句时，说明动作发生的地点，where之前没有表示地点的名词，而是动词。Alotofbuldingshavebeenbuiltwherethereusedtobeawasteland.Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.,地点状语从句,定语从句,That引导定语从句和同为语从句的区分：That引导定语从句时，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。That引导同为语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导作用，that不能省略。Thenewsthatourteamwonmademeexcited.Thenews（that）theytoldmemademeexcited.Idontbelievethenews（that）hementionedjustnow.Idontbelievethenewsthathefailedagain.,同位语从句,定语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句和其他从句的转化,Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbepunished.Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshallbepunished.Anythingthatyousaidhasnothingtodowithme.Whateveryousaidhasnothingtodowithme.Nomatterwhatyousaidhasnothingtod