精选幻灯片-最好高中英语状语从句复习

AdverbialClause,状语从句,1,状语从句,考查特点,能力要求,用法归纳,时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,地点状语从句,方式状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句,2,一状语从句高考的考查特点,1.试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点,(不同性质的连词;定语从句和名词性从句的干扰),2.题干句的情景化增强,句意理解难度提高,3,二能力要求：,1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际.3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别.,4,三状语从句的定义、功能、分类,定义：在复合句中作状语的从句,功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句,分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。,从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。,5,一.时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词,1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once,assoonas,etc.,2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,etc.(一就);everytime,eachtime,thelasttime,thefirsttime,以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句,etc.,Illtellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.,6,3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately,directly,instantly,etc.(一.就.),4.句型类：nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen,etc.(一就),e.g.IwillgiveyouananswerimmediatelyIfinishmywork.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.,e.gShehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Scarcelyhadhegonewhensheappeared.,注意:用于句首时应引起部分倒装,且前部分一般用过去完成时,7,when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。Whentheywerestilltalkingandlaughing,theteachercamein.当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）Hewavedahellowhenhesawher.当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（when表示点时间）,注意：,1.when,as,while的区别,8,2.可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时,突然”，相当于andthensuddenly。常用于下列句式：bedoingbeabouttodosthbeonthepointofdoingIwasabouttogooutwhenthedoorbellrang.OneeveningIwashavingmydinnerwhenanunexpectedfriendknockedmydoor.,+when,9,3.还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since;consideringthat。如：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.Howcanhegetgoodgradeswhenhewontstudy?,10,2whilewhile通常表示一段时间，从句中常用持续性动词作谓语。Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。IamfondofEnglishwhilehelikesmaths.我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。Wesleptwhilethecaptainkeptwatch.我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。Whiletheylovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。,11,3asas表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。Thethiefwascaughtas/whenhewasstealinginthesupermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。IsawJimas/whenheleftthemeetingroom.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。,as表示一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。,12,as表示随着Astimegoeson,itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。,4wheneverwhenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。Youarealwayswelcomewheneveryoucome.无论你何时来都欢迎。Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。,13,2.till,until和notuntil小结：1）until/till用于肯定句时，表示直到为止，主句必须为持续性动词。Weshallwaituntil/tillhecomesback.我们将一直等到他回来。Everythingwentwelluntil/tillthataccidenthappened.直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。2）Notuntil/till表示直到才，主句通常要用短暂性动词。,14,Ididntleaveuntil/tillshecameback.直到她回来，我才离开的。Bellsdontringtilluntilyoustrikethem.铃不打不响。Peopledonotknowthevalueoftheirhealthtilluntilbeforetheyloseit.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。,3当notuntil位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。注意：until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。4在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。,15,注意：当时间状语从句表示将来时，在after,assoonas,before,till/until,when,themoment等引导的状语从句不用一般将来时，而通常用一般现在时；不用将来完成时，而用现在完成时。这两种现在时态在时间连词后面通常可以互换。如TheOwenswillmovetoanewflatwhentheirbabyisborn.(hasbeenborn.),16,3.连接词before的小结：一、含义1Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二1）句型Itwillbe/was段时间before“还要过多久才”如：Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/wasnot一段时间before“不多久就”。如：Itwasnttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.,17,4since,eversince1since自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。Ithasbeenjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyouSinceshewasyoung,shehasbeencollectingstamps.经典句型：句型Itis/hasbeen段时间since时间的计算？Itstwoyearssincehewasacollegestudent.他大学毕业已有两年了,18,2eversince从那时起直至现在，此后一直。3since还可以用作副词或介词MyunclewenttoTibetinthe1950s.Hehasbeenlivingthere（ever）since.我叔叔五十年代就去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。Youhavemadegreatachievementsinyourworksincegraduation.你们自毕业以来已经在工作中取得了巨大成就。,19,5.一就表达法：assoonas.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。一就还可以用on/upondoing结构来表示。OnarrivinghomehecalledupLester.immediatelyinstantlydirectly相当于assoonas，从句中用一般过去时态。Theyphonedherimmediatelytheyreachedhome.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一就。,20,HesaidhedturnonTVthemomenthegothome.他说他一到家就打开电视机。TellhimIneedtoseehimtheminutehearrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。Thesecondthebellrang,thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。,21,5.hardly/scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan这两个短语都表示刚就，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hehadnosoonerstartedoutthanhefelthomesick.他刚出发就想起家来。,注意：当hardly,scarcely,nosooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。,22,6.onceonce作连词时，也相当于assoonas，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。,23,7.nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,everytime等Besuretocallonusnexttimeyoucometotown.下次你进城一定来看我们。HeleftmeagoodimpressionthefirsttimeImethim.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。EverytimeIseehimhelooksmiserable.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。ThelasttimeIspoketoBob,heseemedhappyenough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。,24,8.bythetimebythetine也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。Bythetimehewasfourteen,Einsteinhadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)Ishallhavefinishedmyworkbythetimeyoureturn.在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时),25,二、条件状语从句条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有if,unless,so/aslongas,assofaras,onconditionthat,incase,suppose,supposing(that),provided(that),providing(that)等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。,26,1.if表示正面条件，意为如果。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。Difficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。,注意：ifonly和onlyif的对比。ifonly解释但愿，要是就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。onlyif解释只有，等于onlyonconditionthat，从句用陈述语气。Onlyifyouheatice,itturnstowater.只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。IfonlyIknew!要是我知道该多好。,27,2.unlessunless表示反面条件，意思是如果不、除非。Iwontletyouinunlessyoushowmeyourpass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。3.solongas,aslongas,onconditionthat这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是。As/Solongaswedontloseheart,wellfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。Youmayusetheroomonconditionthatsolongasyoucleanitafterwards.只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。,28,4.incase万一，如果incase既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于ifithappensthat。IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeofmypromise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。Sendamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。,29,5.providing,providedthat,supposing,supposethat,giventhat这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。Giventhattheyareinexperienced,theyvedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)Provided/Providing（that）weinvitehim,hewouldsurelycometodinner.假如我们邀请他的话，他肯定会来吃饭的。Suppose/Supposingwecantgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？（仅用于疑问句）,30,1.Smallsailboatscaneasilyturnoverinthewater_theyarenotmanagedcarefully.thoughB.beforeC.untilD.if,2.Intimeofseriousaccidents,_weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.(2006)A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless,3.Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,but_theyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydontuseanest.(2007湖南)A.whyB.howC.unlessD.where,31,because直接原因,必不可少的原因，非推断，是整个句子的重点，语气最强回答whysince通常放句首译为“既然，鉴于”主从句的时态一般相同。as不谈自明的原因，语气最弱，多放于句首for不可用于句首，要放句中，引导后半句表原因，强调推理解释。,三.原因状语从句,1引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。,32,1.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since.,2.because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时主语一般都是it,this,that,Itwas_hewasillthathedidntgowithus.,Its_heistoolazy.,3.since往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。,_youarehere,youmustdoit.,because,用because,as,since填空,because,Since,33,1.Johndidntcometoschool_beingillyesterday.A.becauseofB.becauseC.sinceD.as2.-Mum,canIgoouttoplayfootballwithjessica?-No,youcant_yourhomeworkisbeingdone.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.when3.Thesetwoareasaresimilar_theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.tothatB.besidesthatC.inthatD.exceptthat,34,2复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,inthat等，如：,Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,letsstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,letshavedinner.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.,35,1.sothat与suchthat的区别,so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+thatso+many/much/few/little+名词+that,e.g.Itissohotthatwecantsleep.,Itissointerestingabookthatshehasreadittwice.,such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+thatsuch+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch+alotof/lotsof+名词+that,Itissuchaninterestingbookthatshehasreadittwice.,Therewassuchdeliciousfoodthathehadtoomuch.,引导状语从句的连接词有sothat/sothat/suchthat,四.结果状语从句,36,填空：1.Hestudiedhard_hepassedtheexam.2.Hewas_angry_hecouldntspeak.3.Therewas_alotofrain_wecouldntgoout.4.Its_aninterestingfilm_weallwanttoseeit.5.Hehad_manyfalls_hewasblackandblueallover.6.Iamgoingtothelectureearly_Illgetagoodseat.,sothat,so,that,such,such,that,so,that,sothat,37,Sothat引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与主句分开。例如：Shehurried,sothatshecaughtthebus.(结果）Shehurriedsothatshemightcatchthebus.（目的）,注意,38,五.让步状语从句,让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although,though,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether（是否）,nomatter(who,wha,etc),evenif,eventhough等词,39,Although和though均可以引导主步状语从句，间为“虽然，尽管”但是although较though正式，更多用于句首，though可用于句首、句中或句末。二者均不可以与but边用，但可以与副词yet,still,nevertheless等连用。Although(though)hewasill,(sill/yet)hewentonworking.,注意1,40,as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：,Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguages.,Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）,n./adj./adv./v+as+主语谓语,注意2,41,2.while,whereas这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Icantagreewithyou.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。Somepeoplelikefatmeat,whereasothershateit.有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。,42,3.whether.or(not).whether.or(not).意思是不管还是。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itstrue.不管你信不信，这是真的。Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffasplanned.不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。提示：也可直接用or来连接两个相同结构来表示让步。Walkingorsleeping,shealwayshasthequestioninhermind.无论走路还是睡觉，她总是想着这个问题。,43,1.TherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonely,_shewasanonlychild.A.eversinceB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.evenas2._youlikeitornot,youwillhavetogiveupsmoking.A.IfB.WhetherC.HowD.Why3.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnightssleep_muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever4.Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant_youlike.A.WheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however,44,六、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever（where的强势语）和everywhere，anywhere等引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。1wherewhere在地方，去地方WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。IfoundmybookswhereIhadleftthem.我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。Youdbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句),45,引导词：where：在地方，去地方Wherever：在任何地方，无论哪里Illgowhereverhegoes.Illgowherehewent.everywhereEverywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。,我要去他去的地方.,他去哪我就去哪.,46,注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】Youshouldputthebookatwhereitwas.【正】Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】Weshouldgotowhereweareneededmost.【正】Weshouldgowhereweareneededmost.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。,47,地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Wheredoyouplantowork?-Ivemadeupmymindtogo_Immostneeded.A.totheplaceB.towhichC.thatD.where2.Iwillgotoacountryforaholiday_therearealotofflowersandtrees.A.intheplaceB.whereC.whichD.wherever辨析:Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.,48,七.目的状语从句引导词：so，sothat，inorderthat，that，incase，forfearthat，lest(唯恐，以免，为不使）等。其谓语动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。1.Idliketoarrive20minutesearly_Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat2.Johnmayphonetonight.Idontwanttogoout_hephones.A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat,49,TheShanghaiesearemakinggreateffortstobeautifythecity_moreoverseascompanieswillcome.A.inorderthatB.soastoC.solongasD.onconditionthat,50,Hestudiedhardtotheendthathemightpasstheentranceexamination.Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthelasttrain.Idarenotgothereforfearthathemightseeme.,51,八.方式状语从句引导词1：as，(象.一样,正如,按照),asif/asthough(好象,宛如)YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.注意1：as,justas这两个连词的意思是如，正如一样。justas比as语气要强一些。Leavethingsastheyare.让一切顺其自然。Pleasedoasyouaretold.请按照人家告诉你做的去做。也可说Pleasedoastold.）Balloonsfloatintheairjustasboatsdoonthesea.Leaveitasitis.Hestatedthefactsastheywere.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.,事实上,按现在的样子,按原样子,插入语,仿佛,好象,注意2,52,2在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：JeandoesntdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?,53,九.比较状语从句引导词:as.as(和一样),notas/soas(不如),than(比),themorethemore(越越).这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：Helooksyoungerthanheis./HeisasoldasIam.Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker.Theprojectwascompletedearlierthanwehadexpected.Heisasyoungasyou(areyoung).Pleasecomeassoonas(itis)possible.区别：Weknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).Weknowyoubetterthan(weknow)him.,54,thethe句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例如：Theharderwework,thebetterweshallservethepeople.其中the为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修饰后面的副词。注意省略：Thesoonerhecomes,thebetter(itwillbe).Thehighertheground(is),thecoolertheair(willbe).,注意,55,状语从句中的省略现象,Once_seen,thefilmcanneverbeforgotten.,If_invited,Iwillgototheparty.,Shestoodattheschoolgateasif_waitingforsomeone.,(itis),(Iam),(shewas),When_necessary,IwillbuyaTVset.,If_possible,youdbettercometomorrow.,(itis),(itis),56,-IhearJohnsonwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.-_,letsgoandseehim.A.WhatsmoreB.IfsoC.WherepossibleD.Whennecessary,57,2008年高考真题1、(08全国卷I31)Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?Idontmindwhereweget_theressun,seaandbeach.A.asifB.aslongasC.nowthatD.inorderthat2、(08全国卷I32)Theweatherwas_coldthatIdidntliketoleavemyroom.A.reallyB.suchC.tooD.so3、(08全国卷II07)Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree_youneedmorespaceforbaggage.A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unless,58,4、(08北京卷23)DidyoureturnFredscall?Ididntneedto_Illseehimtomorrow.A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.because5、(08北京卷34)Imsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllstillbesometime_Briangetback.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after6、(08上海