被动语态课件讲解

被动语态,ThePassiveVoice,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice),A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Weplantedthetree.,Thetreewasplantedbyus.,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。,(一)主动语态变被动语态的方法:,1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,be+done,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,1.被动语态的各种时态,1.NowEnglish_bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken,一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done,2.Thelostboy_atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor,一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done,3.Moreman-madesatellites_inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup,一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done,4.Threebridges_sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt,现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done,5.Flowers_everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater,含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done,Oralpractice-1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.TwodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteamWhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree,HewasknockeddownbyacaryesterdayThemedicalteamismadeupofbytwoAfallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.,4)WellputontheplaynextSunday5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear,TheplaywillbeputonnextSundayAnewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschoolTherailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear,7)Weshouldprotecttheearth8)Youneedtopaintthewall,TheearthshouldbeprotectedThewallneedstobepainted,(三)何时使用被动语态？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen我的自行车被盗了。,3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，19894、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina是被Paul叫来的。TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul,5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知Itiswellknownthat据推测说Itissupposedthat,主动变被动的特殊结构,1.含有双宾语的主动句(givepass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell),IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).,Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).,2.谓语动词含有介词的主动句,Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.,Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.,他们从不听他的话。,2.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.,1.Heboughtherawatch.Awatchwasboughtforher(byhim).Shewasboughtawatch(byhim).,Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.,Hemademedothework,3.feel,listento,hear,make,let,have,see,watch,notice,lookat等动词/短语不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。,Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.,Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar,Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar,Isawhimfalloffthetree,Hewasseentofalloffthetree,Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.,happened,2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become,PekingOpera_(sound)beautiful.,sounds,3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:,Thepen_(write)veryfast.,writes,Thiskindofsweater_(sell)well.,sells,1.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词（vi.)如:begin,open,start,end,stop,happen,takeplace,主动形式表示被动意义：,(表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：,write,sell,wash,run,Thebooks_wellA.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义,作“需要”讲的need：needtobedone或needdoingYourjacketneedstobewashed.Yourjacketneedswashing.,beworthdoing值得做某事,Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.,4.动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1.ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary_forthebus.A.waitedB.waitsC.waswaitingD.waswaited2.Abigpowerstation()_inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding3.Stamps_bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bikemustnt_everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand_ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofD.mustbetakengoodcareof8.GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun_Fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.riseC.risesD.isrisen,B,A,D,C,9.Alltreesmust_wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered10._Ithinktheshop_._No,itsopen.It_atsix.AskedB.willbeaskedC.closed;closesD.closes;isclosed11.ThisbikeismadeinAmerica.Its_fortravelling.A.useB.usingC.touseD.used,D,D,D,12.Thekey_forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use13.Anewschool_overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt14.