美国文学赏析

Ezra Pound (埃兹拉庞德)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians apparition? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. 2. What do petals and bough stand for?Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd. Robert Frost (1) Fire and Ice Somesaytheworldwillendinfire, 有人说世界将终结于火,Somesayinice. 有人说是冰。FromwhatIvetastedofdesire， 从我尝过的欲望之果Iholdwiththosewhofavorfire. 我赞同倾向于火之说。Butifithadtoperishtwice, 但若它非得两度沉沦IthinkIknowenoughofhate. 我想我对仇恨了解也够多Toknowthatfordestructionice 可以说要是去毁灭,Isalsogreat 冰也不错,Andwouldsuffice. 应该也行。1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war. 2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings. 3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace. (2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening 1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening? The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment. 2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake? The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home. 3. Why couldnt the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty? He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do. 4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines? The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life. 5 stanza，16lines，Rhyme（押韵格式）：aaba bbcb ccdc dddd翻译：Whose woods these are I think I know我知道林子的主人是谁，His house is in the village though.虽村落是他所居之地。He will not see me stopping here,他不会看到我停留于此，To watch his woods fill up with snow.凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。My little horse must think it queer,我的小马一定以我为怪，To stop without a farmhouse near,近无房舍，为何停伫。Between the woods and frozen lake,况只有林子与冰湖，The darkest evening of the year.和一年中最黑之夜。He gives his harness bells a shake,他轻摇铃具To ask if there is some mistake.询问有错与否。The only other sounds the sweep,唯一的回复来自，Of easy wind and downy flake.软雪和清风。The woods are lovely, dark and deep.林子很美昏暗而幽深，But I have promises to keep,但我已有约定。And miles to go before I sleep.沉醉前还有一段路要走And miles to go before I sleep沉醉前还有一段路要走。(3) The Road Not Taken 1. What is the speakers initial response to the divergence of the two roads? The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time. 2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take? Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which implies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure. 3. What might the two roads stand for in the speakers mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other peoples footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.Andboththatmorningequallylay虽然那天清晨落叶满地Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack两条路都未经脚印污染Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!呵，留下一条路等改日再见！Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,但我知道路径延绵无尽头IdoubtedifIshouldevencomeback.恐怕我难以再回返Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh也许多少年后在某个地方Somewhereagesandageshence:我将轻声叹息把往事回顾Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI-一片树林里分出两条路Itooktheonelesstraveledby,而我选了人迹更少的一条Andthathasmadeallthedifference从此决定了我一生的道路Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood黄色的树林里分出两条路AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth可惜我不能同时去涉足Andbeonetraveler,longIstood我在那路口久久伫立And lookeddownoneasfarasIcould我向着一条路极目望去Towhereit