Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯.ppt

RobertBurns(1759-1796),Zhengboren,INTRODUCTION,RobertBurns,ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs,whoseworksareknownandlovedwherevertheEnglishlanguageisread.,Legacy,The19th-centuryscholarandeducationalistJ.S.BlackiesummedupBurnssimportancetoScotlandandtheScotswiththewords:WhenScotlandforgetsBurns,thenhistorywillforgetScotland.Today,Burnsisuniqueintheaffectionandfascinationthathismemoryinspires.ThefruitsofhislegacycanbeseennotonlyinScotlandbutaroundtheworld-onproductpackaging,inadvertisingandonawealthofmerchandise,aswellasthroughcontinuedscholarshipandacademicstudy.,AuldLangSyne,RobertBurnsisthebestknownofthepoetswhohavewritteninScots.HispoemAuldLangSyneisoftensungatHogmanay.HismemoryiscelebratedbyBurnsclubsacrosstheworld;hisbirthdayisanunofficialNationalDayforScotsandthosewithScottishancestry,celebratedwithBurnssuppers.RobertBurnswasbornintoafarmingfamilyatAllowayinAyrshirein1759.HediedinDumfriesattheearlyageof37.YetinthatshorttimehehadtakentheScottishliteraryworldbystorm,andhadsecuredaplaceforhimselfinhistoryandinlegend.,Alloway,BirthplaceofRobertBurns,EARLYLIFE“Averypoormansson”,BurnswasbornonJanuary25,1759.HewastheeldestofsevenchildrenborntoWilliamBurness,astrugglingtenantfarmer,andhiswife,AgnesBrown.Althoughpovertylimitedhisformaleducation,BurnsreadwidelyinEnglishliteratureandtheBibleandlearnedtoreadFrench.Hewasencouragedinhisself-educationbyhisfather,andhismotheracquaintedhimwithScottishfolksongs,legends,andproverbs.,AgnesBrown,Burnsmother,BypermissionoftheNationalGalleriesofScotland,Arduousfarmworkandundernourishmentinhisyouthpermanentlyinjuredhishealth,leadingtotherheumaticheartdiseasefromwhichheeventuallydied.Hewentin1781toIrvinetolearnflaxdressing,butwhentheshopburneddown,hereturnedhomepenniless.Hehad,meanwhile,composedhisfirstpoems.Thepoetsfatherdiedin1784,leavinghimasheadofthefamily.HeandhisbrotherGilbertrentedafarm,buttheventureprovedafailure.,FIRSTVERNACULARPOEMS,In1784BurnsreadtheworksoftheEdinburghpoetRobertFergusson.UnderhisinfluenceandthatofScottishfolktraditionandolderScottishpoetry,hebecameawareoftheliterarypossibilitiesoftheScottishregionaldialects.Duringthenexttwoyearsheproducedmostofhisbest-knownpoems,including“TheCottersSaturdayNight,”“Halloween,”“ToaDaisy,”and“ToaMouse.”Inaddition,hewrote“TheJollyBeggars,”acantatachieflyinstandardEnglish,whichisconsideredoneofhismasterpieces.Severalofhisearlypoems,notably“HolyWilliesPrayer,”satirizedlocalecclesiasticalsquabblesandattackedCalvinisttheology,bringinghimintoconflictwiththechurch.,SOCIALNOTORIETY“Astrongappetiteforsociability”,Burnsfurtherangeredchurchauthoritiesbyhavingseveralindiscreetloveaffairs.In1785hefellinlovewithJeanArmour,thedaughterofabuildingcontractor.Jeansoonbecamepregnant,andalthoughBurnsofferedtomakeherhiswife,herfatherforbadetheirmarriage.Thereupon(1786)hepreparedtoimmigratetotheWestIndies.Beforedepartinghearrangedtoissuebysubscriptionacollectionofhispoetry.PublishedonJuly31inaneditionof600copies,Poems,ChieflyintheScottishDialectwasanimmediatesuccess.,JeanArmourwhomBurnsmarriedinspring1788.,Edinburgh“Now,GodinheavenblessReekiestown”,InSeptemberBurnsabandonedtheWestIndiesplan;thesamemonthJeanbecamethemotheroftwins.Hemovedinthefallof1786toEdinburgh,wherehewaslionizedbyfashionablesociety.CharmedbyBurns,theliteratimistakenlybelievedhimtobeanuntutoredbard,a“Heavens-taughtPlowman.”Heresentedtheircondescension,andhisbristlingindependence,bluntmannerofspeech,andoccasionalsocialawkwardnessalienatedadmirers.,WhileBurnswasinEdinburgh,hesuccessfullypublishedasecond,3000-copyeditionofPoems(1787),whichearnedhimaconsiderablesum.Fromtheproceedshewasabletotour(1787)theEnglishborderregionandtheHighlandsandfinanceanotherwinterinEdinburgh.InthemeantimehehadresumedhisrelationshipwithJeanArmour.Thenextspringsheborehimanothersetoftwins,bothofwhomdied,andinAprilBurnsandArmourweremarried.,Aefondkiss.ThismanuscriptisintheWatsonAutographCollection.,LATERSONGSANDBALLADS,Burnsslaterliteraryoutputconsistedalmostentirelyofsongs,bothoriginalcompositionsandadaptationsoftraditionalScottishballadsandfolksongs.Hecontributedsome200songstoScotsMusicalMuseum(6volumes,1783-1803),aprojectinitiatedbytheengraverandmusicpublisherJamesJohnson.Beginningin1792Burnswroteabout100songsandsomehumorousverseforSelectCollectionofOriginalScottishAirs,compiledbyGeorgeThomson.Amonghissongsinthiscollectionaresuchfavoritesas“AuldLangSyne,”CominThrotheRye,”ScotsWhaHae,”ARed,RedRose,”TheBanksoDoon,”and“JohnAnderson,MyJo.”,Travelssomeshunnedorreviledhim.AfterFranco-Britishrelationsbegantodeteriorate,hecurbedhisradicalsympathies,andin1794,forpatrioticreasons,hejoinedtheDumfriesshireVolunteers.,FinalYears“Apoor,damnd,rascallygager”,BurnsspentthefinalyearsofhislifeinDumfriesshire.From1788heattemptedtofarmatEllisland,butthegroundwassoexhaustedthatthisultimatelyprovedfruitless.InSeptember1789hebeganworkfortheExciseatDumfries.Thoughheperformedthesedutiesdiligentlyandcompassionately,chargesofpoliticaldisloyaltywereraisedagainsthim.Atthesametimefailinghealth,whichhesoughttoremedybysea-bathing,overshadowedhisliteraryandmusicaloutput.Yearsofhardphysicallabourworkingonaseriesofunproductivefarmsaggravatedhislong-standingheartcondition.Thisleadtohisprematuredeathattheageof37on21July1796.Onthedayofhisfuneral,hiswifegavebirthtotheiryoungestson,Maxwell.,BurnsshouseinDumfries.,Ellisland.(BycourtesyoftheNationalMuseumofScotland),BurnsfuneralprocessiondepictedbyW.E.Lockhart.,AmemorialeditionofBurnspoemswaspublishedforthebenefitofhiswifeandchildren.Itseditor,thephysicianJamesCurrie,amanof