名词性从句高考七大考点ppt课件

.,语法名词性从句,nounclause,.,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),英语句子概论,.,简单句的五种基本句型,Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,.,并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,.,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom,2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome,定语从句,状语从句,3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,.,NounClauses(名词性从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause（同位语从句）,ObjectClause（宾语从句）,PredicativeClause（表语从句）,.,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,.,名词性从句考点归纳,1.引导词2.语序问题3.时态问题4.主谓一致问题5.名词性从句中的虚拟语气6.it做形式主语、形式宾语的用法7.同位语从句与定语从句的区别,.,名词性从句的引导词,(1)从属连词,that,whether,if,只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。,(2)连接代词,who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ver),which(ever),what(ever),既起连接作用，本身又在从句中做成分,(3)连接副词,when,why,where,how，,howmany，,howmuch，,既起连接作用，本身又在从句中做状语。,.,一、that,从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。,1、宾语从句,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.,Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,.,规则一：1.当宾语从句由连词that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句,that不可省掉。,.,温馨提示：在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,.,_iscertain.（我们将迟到了）2._isapity.(你错过了这次机会)Mydreamis_(我将来有我自己的公司)4.IvecomefromMrWangwithamessage_(他今天下午不能来看你了),Thatweshallbelate,Thatyoumissedthechance,thatIwillhavemyowncompany,thathewontbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon,主语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,.,规则二：当主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句由连词that引导时，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，但是不可以省略。,.,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.6._themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,二、whether/if,.,_heisfreenowiscertain.Theproblemis_wecangetthereontime.Hemustanswerthequestion_heagreestoitornot.,Whether,whether,whether,.,规则：1.宾语从句由连词whether或if引导，表“是否”，常可互换，不能省略。,2.if/whether的区别：1)当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.3)whether可与动词不定式连用，if不能。4)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if.,.,三、what,_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.2.Heisnolonger_hewas.3.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.4.After_seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.5.Ourincomeisnowdouble_itwastenyearsago.6.Doyouknow_hesaidjustnow?,What,what,what,what,what,what,.,规则：what引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么”，还可以表示：表示“的东西或事情”；“的人或的样子”（身份或地位）的地方的时间的数量或数目,.,Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_itis.任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。_oughttoturnoffthelight.他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。Hisquestionis_atEnglish哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。Take_,who,Whoeverleavestheroomlast,whichstudentisthebest,whicheveryoulike,.,Couldyoushowme_Icanreachthestation?我们就是这样克服困难的.Thatwas_weovercamethedifficultiesIhavenoidea_hehasgone.这就是我不同意的地方.Thisis_Idisagree.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.Thisis_shegotupsoearlythismorning._hedidntcomeisstillunknowntous._isunderdiscussion我们什么时候开始开会Manystudentssaythattheirtimeatuniversityis_theycanexperiencepurelove.,how,how,where,where,why,Why,Whenwellbeginthemeeting,when,.,规则：Wh-引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式。,.,名词性从句的语序,Hisbrotherasks_thelibrary.他什么时候去图书馆Idontknowwhatisthematterthetroublewrongwithhim.,名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。,whenhewillgoto,.,2.Ourphysicsteacheroncetoldusthatlight_（travel）fasterthansound.,travels,总结归纳：,c.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态,1.Hesaidthathewillgotothestation.,3.TomsaysthatMary_(go)abroadlastyearand_(be)therefornearly5months.,a.主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态,b.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等，从句谓语动词用一般现在时,went,hasbeen,would,名词性从句的时态,.,Whenthemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered_(is/are)stillunknown.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。,总结归纳：,单数,复数,has,Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo_(be)stillunknown.,Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,are,has,单数,名词性从句的主谓一致,.,名词性从句(主)的虚拟语气,Itisorderedthathe_(take)theexamination.Itisstrangethathe_(tell)youthis.,shouldtake,tell,基本句型：Itis+形容词、名词、过去分词+that.+(should)doa.Itisimportant(necessary,natural,strange,advisableetc)+thatb.Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc)+thatc.Itissuggested(ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insistedetc)+that,.,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting_(putoff),总结归纳：,表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order后的从句谓语动词用_,注意suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，从句按需要来选择时态,(should)+do/bedone,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe_(was/be/is)satisfiedwithourwork.,was,名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气,beputoff,.,a.IwishI_(know)theanswernow.,b.Iwishhe_(pass)theexamyesterday.,c.IwishI_(fly)tothemooninafewyears.,对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时,对过去虚拟时，用had过去分词,对将来虚拟时，用would(might等)动词原形,knew,hadpassed,wouldfly,总结归纳：,名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气,.,在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即_,Hissuggestionthatyou_(try)oncemoresoundsreasonable.2.Theordergivenbythecommanderwasthatthey_(notstop)untilthecommanderallowedtheyto.,总结归纳：,(should)+do/bedone,名词性从句（表、同）的虚拟语气,(should)try,(should)notstop,.,名词性从句中it做形式宾语、形式主语,找出下列句子中的错误,1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillholdoursportsmeeting.,it,形式宾语,It,形式主语,总结归纳：,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it也可作形式宾语。,后置,.,用it作形式主语的结构,(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)It不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎(4)Itbe+过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,.,Wethinkitimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguage.Weconsideritourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：6123结构6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。,.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,定语从句,同位语从句,Thequestionwhohelpedusoutofdifficultyremainstobeanswered.Thequestionwhichseemssostrangeremainstobeanswered.,同位语从句,定语从句,1、同位语从句:说明名词的内容,wh-表示疑问,that不做成分,不能省略2、定语从句:说明名词的性质特征,wh-不表示疑问。引导词做句子成分,做宾语可以省略,.,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),.,Thankyou!,.,PredicativeClauses表语从句,.,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,asif/asthough,when,where,how,why.because,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem,表语从句,Thequestionis_wecanrelyonhim.Thats_wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked_hewasgoingtocry.Thats_Iwaslate.,whether,because,asif,why,.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,.,appositiveClauses同位语从句,.,同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.常用连词：that;when,where,why,how,e.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。,WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.,Itsthequestionhowhedidit.,3同位语从句多用that引导，无意义，不可省。,2.问题是他如何做这件事的,4.在havenoidea之后用wh-引导同位语从句,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,.,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,.,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,定语从句,同位语从句,3.连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等,2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“.的”,3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.,1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.,2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,.,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),.,1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that,B,A,B,3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason,4_hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever,5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat,D,A,.,6-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited,A,A,.,._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued,B,A,B,.,12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever,.,14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.How