英语修辞的魅力.ppt

ThePowerofLanguageEnglishRhetoric语言的魅力走进英语修辞,南昌大学袁平华,Lecture1IntroductiontoEnglishRhetoric第一讲英语修辞概说,Contents,ImportanceofLearningRhetoric学习修辞的重要性DefinitionofRhetoric修辞的定义ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类FunctionofEnglishRhetoric英语修辞的作用,1.ImportanceofLearningRhetoric学习修辞的重要性,Rhetoricisanartofspeakingandwriting.修辞是说话和写作的一种艺术。Therelationshipbetweenrhetoricandgrammar修辞与语法的关系Therelationshipbetweenrhetoricandlogic修辞与逻辑的关系,1.ImportanceofLearningRhetoric学习修辞的重要性,语法管“通不通”，逻辑管“对不对”，修辞管“好不好”。,1.ImportanceofLearningRhetoric学习修辞的重要性,Theboysaidthathewasthirstyandcoulddrinkabigbottleofwater.这个男孩说他很渴，可以喝下一大瓶水。Theboysaidthathewasdyingofthirstandcoulddrinkupthewholesea.这个男孩说他渴得要死，能将整个大海里的水喝干。前者合符语法和逻辑，但后者更为形象生动。,1.ImportanceofLearningRhetoric学习修辞的重要性,Toappreciatethebeautyoflanguage欣赏语言之美Tounderstandthewonderofculture洞悉文化之妙Toachievetheeffectofcommunication掌控交际之奇,2.DefinitionsofRhetoric修辞的定义,Rhetoricisthefacultyofdiscoveringinanyparticularcasealloftheavailablemeansofpersuasion.-Aristotle修辞是在任何情形下找到各种说服他人手段的技艺。亚里斯多德,2.DefinitionsofRhetoric修辞的定义,Rhetoricistheartofeffectiveorpersuasivespeakingorwriting,especiallytheexploitationoffiguresofspeechorothercompositionaltechniques.-NewOxfordDictionaryofEnglish修辞是有效或有说服力的口头或书面表达艺术，尤其是运用修辞格或其它创作技巧达到目的。新牛津英语词典,2.DefinitionsofRhetoric修辞的定义,InAristotlestime,rhetoricwasconsideredtobethescienceoforatoryandtheartofpersuasion.在亚里斯多德时代，修辞看作是有关演说和说服的学科和艺术。Nowadays,rhetoricisregardedasascienceofheighteninglinguisticeffectiveexpressions,andtheartofeffectivecommunication.如今，修辞是提高语言表达和交际效果的学科和艺术。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Communicativerhetoric交际修辞(Passiverhetoric消极修辞),Aestheticrhetoric美学修辞(Activerhetoric积极修辞),3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,CommunicativeRhetoric交际修辞Choosingwords选择词语Choosingsentencepatterns选择句型Arrangingparagraphs编排段落,AestheticRhetoric美学修辞Choosingfiguresofspeech选用修辞格,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,CommunicativeRhetoricconcise（简洁）clear（清楚）precise/exact（准确）coherent（流畅）expressive（富于表现力）,AestheticRhetoricvivid(生动)colorful（形象）expressive（富于表现力）,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofcommunicativerhetoric交际修辞举例1Choosingtheproperword选择适当词语Onlybysippingcanteabeproperlytasted.只有小口喝茶，才能品出茶的真正味道。Onlybydrinkingcanteabeproperlytasted.只有喝茶，才能品出茶的真正味道。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofcommunicativerhetoric交际修辞举例2.Choosingthepropersentencepattern选择适当句型ItwasacountrycousinthatHarristookin.-JeromeK.Jerome哈里斯带进来的是一个乡下的表兄弟。Harristookinacountrycousin.哈里斯带进来一个乡下的表兄弟。强调句突出了重点，加强了语气。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例1.Simile明喻Recordsfelllikeripeapplesonawindyday.-E.B.White被打破的纪录有如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落。Wordsandfeathersaretossedbythewind.言语如羽毛，刮风到处飘。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例2.Metaphor暗喻Moneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowned.金钱是无底的海洋，荣誉、良心和真理都可以淹没在其中。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。3.Metonymy转喻GeorgelovedtheRedcoats.乔治喜欢英国士兵。（专有名词“redcoats”代替“Englishsoldiers”）,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例Thewolfandthepigmingledtogetherinhisface.凶残与贪婪交织在一起，浮现在他的脸上。以人或动物代替其特性4.Anonomasia换称SomemuteingloriousMiltonheremayrest.某个沉默的、默默无闻的诗人也许在此长眠。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例5.Synecdoche(提喻)Hetoiledalldaylongtoearnhisbread.他整日劳作以维持生计。以“面包”代整个生活。Twoheadsarebetterthanone.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。用“头”代“人”。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例6.Personification拟人Lazinesstravelssoslowly,thatpovertysoonovertakeshim.懒惰缓慢而行，贫穷迎头赶上。Mosquitoeswereusingmyanklesforfillingstations.蚊子把我的脚脖子当作了加油站。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例7.Hyperbole夸张Onefatherismorethanahundredschoolmasters.一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.当她听到这个不幸消息后，泪水滚涌而出。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例8.Understatement低调陈述A.Wecansolvethisproblem.我们能解决这个问题。B.Thisproblemisnotaboveus.这个问题难不住我们。从表面上看，B为否定形式，语气似乎弱于A的肯定形式，但实际上B的修辞效果更强，给人的印象更深。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例9.Antithesis对照Knowledgemakehumble,ignorancemakeproud.博学使人谦逊,无知使人狂妄。Lifecanonlybeunderstoodbackwards,butitmustbelivedforwards.只有向后看才能理解生活，但要生活好必须向前看。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例10.Parallelism平行Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。Theworldlistens.Theworldwatches.Theworldwaitstoseewhatwewilldo.世界在倾听。世界在注视。世界等待着我们做些什么。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例11.Repetition重复Timeis,timewas,buttimeshallbenomore!(Joyce)时间，现在有，过去有，但不会永远有！Oldwoodbesttoburn,oldwinetodrink,oldfriendstotrust,andoldauthorstoread.(FrancisBacon)旧柴最好烧，陈酒最好喝，老友最可靠，老作家的书最好读。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例12.Oxymoron矛盾修饰Loveiscruel,loveissweet爱情残忍爱情甜Cruelsweet,残忍而又甜，Loverssightillloversmeet,情人肠断到相见Sighandmeet肠断到相见，Sighandmeet,sighandagain相别肠又断Cruelsweet!Osweetestpain!残忍的甜呵！最甜的肠断！(RobertBurns:ToAKiss)Oxymoron的运用巧妙地揭示了爱情的特点：又苦又甜。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例13.Pun双关Moresunandairforyoursonandheir.阳光充足，空气清新益于您的儿子和未来的继承人。WhatmakesthetowerofPisalean?Itnevereats.是什么使得比萨塔倾斜（瘦弱）？因为它从来不吃。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examplesofaesthetic美学修辞举例14.Transferredepithet移位修饰Allthetimethecreepingfearthathewouldnevercomebacktohergrewstrongwithinher.她感到他将永远离她而去一直令她毛骨悚然的恐惧越来越强烈。,3.ClassificationofRhetoric修辞的分类,Examples