高一英语 定语从句讲解及练习(课堂PPT)

1,AttributiveClause,在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句。被定语修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。,2,who指人：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。whom指人：在定语从句中作宾语。whose可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。that可指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.which引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句。as可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.也可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。,关系代词:,3,典型错误,Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveittome.(),Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveme.(),无论是关系代词还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。,4,5,两种定语从句在意义上的区别,Intheirclassesthereare15studentswhocanspeakEnglishwell.Intheirclassesthereare15students,whocanspeakEnglishwell.ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.,不止个学生,只有个学生,不止两个，其余的可能不当兵,只有两个，都是解放军,6,先行词是one,anyone,those,he时宜用who.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepunished.Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease.在非限制性定语从句中Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.,（一）只用who的情况,7,当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.一句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句的关系词是that，另一个只用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.,8,（二）只用that的情况,当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little，或当先行词被every,any,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时Isthereanyquestionthattroublesyoumuch?当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时Isthisthefirsttimethatyouhavecometoourcity?Limingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.,9,当先行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?主句是以who,which开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时:Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?5.当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.6注意：that只能用在限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中永远不用that，介词后也不能跟that,10,（三）whose的使用,whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.,thefacesofwhom,theleavesofwhich,11,（四）只用which的情况,非限制性定语从句中只用which，不用thatBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.关系代词紧跟在介词或介词短语之后，只能用which或whom，不能用thatThisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.Thisisthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.,12,Tips,1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略.eg.Thisisthehouse_Ivisited.2.what不能引导定语从句;且what=allthatIwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.=IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.,which/that/不用,3.oneof+pl.n.+关系代词+动词复数the(only)oneof+pl.n.+关系代词+单数动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildings_(draw)lotsofvisitors.Titanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmovies_(havebe)producedinHollywood.,that,draw,that,hasbeen,13,Exercise1,1.Icanstillrememberthesittingroomin_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.2.Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.3.Finallythethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice.4.Wevisitedafactory_makestoysforchildren.5.Theman_youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.,which,whose,that,that/which,who(m)/that,作的宾语,14,6.Pleasepassmethedictionary_coverisblack.7.Mr.Whiteisoneoftheforeignexperts_areworkinginChina.8.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedtheotherday?9.Thisistheworkerwith_myfatherworked.10.Togetthejobstarted,all_Ineedisyourpermission.,whose,who/that,that/which,whom,that,15,Exercise1,1.Isthisthefactory_youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone2.Isthisfactory_youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone3.IsMr.Smiththeperson_youknowthis?A.thatB.whomC.fromwhomD.bywhom4.Iattendedthemeetingtheimportance_Ididnotrealizeatthattime.A.whoB.ofwhichC.whichD.its,A,D,C,B,16,5.Whatsthat_flashedintheskyjustnow?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.as6.Thisbookis_Imlookingfor.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.one7.Thisisthemostinterestingone_Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.inthat8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew,A,B,B,C,17,关系副词的用法,18,that/which和when,Doyourememberthedayswhenwefirstspenttogether?()Doyourememberthedayswhich/thatwefirstspenttogether?(),析：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”when”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是时间状语。在这句中先行词theday在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此要用that/which,19,that/which与where,IllneverforgettheschoolwherewevisitedlastSunday.()Illneverforgettheschool(that/which)wevisitedlastSunday.(),析：先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”where”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是地点状语。在这句中先行词theschool在定语从句中作visited的宾语，因此要用that/which.,20,that/which与why,Tellmethereason_youarelate.Isthisthereason_hetoldyou?,why,that,先行词是reason时，定语从句的引导词是关系代词thatwhich还是关系副词why，取决于该先行词在从句中的成分。句中reason在从句中作原因状语，句中reason在从句中作tell的宾语。,21,“介词+关系代词”,介词的选择：一般介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配,ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.,含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面因此不能使用“介词+关系代词”结构如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof.,Isthisthewatchwhichhewaslookingfor?,Isthisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking?(),22,Exercises2,1.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstcametoTibet?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2.Isthisthecompany_allemployeesaretreatedwell?A.thatB.whichC.inthatD.where3.ThissummerIllreturntothesmallvillage_Igrewup.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4.Isthatthereason_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where,C,D,B,A,23,5.Thedoctorsandnursesdidall_theycouldtohelpthose_wereinfectedwithSARS.A.which;whichB.that;whyC.that;whoD.what;who6.Istherearestaurantaround_wecanhavesomethingtoeat?A.whereB.thatC.whatD.why7.Wecametotheplace_theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.when8.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whenC.whoD.where,C,A,B,C,24,As,which引导非限制性定语从句,25,关系代词as引导的定语从句,引导限制性定语从句：,(1)such+名词/so+形容词+名词+as“像一样的”、“像之类”thesame+名词+as“和同样的”,Suchpeopleasyoudescribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.(as作宾语),Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表语),26,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句