2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 专题突破解题策略3 阅读理解之词义猜测题

路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索,走向高考英语,人教版高考总复习,专题突破解题策略(三),必修二,第一部分基础知识聚焦,词义猜测题主要考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解词义的能力，包括考查生词词义和熟词生义，或是一些短语的引申义或一句话的含义。近几年，词义猜测题越来越受到命题者的青睐，近年大部分地区的高考英语试卷都有词义猜测题，有的甚至涉及多道，词义猜测题要求考生在准确理解上下文的基础上答题，若平时就具有较大的阅读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇，那答题就会更加迅速和准确。,阅读理解之词义猜测题,1.利用上下文语境及生活常识猜测典例1(2015四川高考D).Hetoldpeopleataconference,“Therehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.Sobyincreasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy.”Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.,44Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean?AActiveatnight.BInactiveatnight.CActiveduringtheday.DInactiveduringtheday.解析A本文主要介绍了一项研究调查的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。根据上文的Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeing.可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，故选择A，指晚上很兴奋。,典例2(2015浙江高考C)Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars，wewouldgoindarknesshappily，themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead，wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesunslight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdontthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetitstheonlywaytoexplainwhatwevedonetothenight:Weveengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.,51Whatdoes“it”(Paragraph1)mostprobablyreferto?AThenight.BThemoon.CThesky.DTheplanet.解析A文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。对于这种指代的题目，往往答案是最接近它的一个。根据这种原则，能得出答案是night夜晚。最后一句话的句意是：但是这是唯一的方法去解释我们对于夜晚做了什么：我们设计了光，让光充满星空。,2利用构词法猜测利用上下文中出现的与该词相关的同义词，近义词，甚至反义词，以及前缀、后缀，词根等来推测词义。典例3(2014陕西高考B).Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalvestonboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henrys.,51Theunderlinedword“authenticated”inParagraph2probablymeans_.AnamedBtreatedCprovedDdescribed解析Cauthentic的意思是“真正的；真实的”，根据构词法可以推知该词为authentic的动词形式，意为“证明是真实的”，故答案选C项。,3利用定义，解释，举例进行猜测此类题目会出现类似于：forexample,suchas,mean,referto,thatistosay,inotherwords等词汇或出现破折号、冒号等。典例4(2014江西高考D).leavingtheirhomes.Withthecommunicationgadgets,_suchasmobilephonesandiPads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.Apersonalvisitcarrieswithittheadditionalfeatureofhavingtobeinthepersonspresenceforaslongasthevisitlasts.Wecannotunnecessarilyexcuseourselvesorturntheotherpersonoff.,71Theunderlinedword“gadgets”isclosestinmeaningto_.AtoolsBmessagesCbarriersDskills解析A根据词后的“suchasmobilephonesandiPads”以及整篇文章所谈论的话题，可知，gadget的意思是“工具”，故答案是A项。,4根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系进行猜测在一个句子或段落中，有时会存在两个句子之间的转折，递进，因果，并列，对比等关系的词汇：however,but,so,thus,insteadof,incontrast,whatsmore等过渡性词汇。,典例5(2015北京高考C)LifeintheClearTransparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feetasfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlesstheyreeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”,Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecomeseethrough?Itstrickierthanyoumightthink.Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter(散射)light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.,64Theunderlinedword“dead”inParagraph3means_.AsilentlyBgraduallyCregularlyDcompletely解析D该词出现在文章第三段第四句。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。,典例6(2015安徽高考D).Althoughwehavetorespectpeoplesfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings，Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore，wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus，Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent，eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.,70By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph，theauthorprobablymeans“_.”AdestroyoldbuildingsBputthingsinadifferentplaceCchoosenewarchitecturalstylesDrespectpeoplesfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings解析C根据下文中的“Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethin