虚拟语气 四种形式 三点注意

虚拟语气的“四种形式”及“三点注意”,虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe,一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1）条件从句+主句（2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型（3）wish,asif及ifonly的虚拟形式（4）Itistimethat的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1）含蓄条件句（2）时间错综句（3）虚实错综句,注意：If可能被省略,从句要倒装,Weresheincharge(=Ifshewereincharge),shewoulddothingsdifferently.HadIknownyouraddress(=IfIhadknownyouraddress),Iwouldhavewrittenbefore.Shouldyouchangeyourmind(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind),noonewouldblameyou.,1.Therice_ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburntD.wouldnotburnt2.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome4._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheyhavenot5.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot,6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceed7.Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ifit_tomorrow,theywouldnotgotherebybike.A.willrainB.rainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain9._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will10.IfI_you,Iwouldnotdoit.A.amB.wereC.shallbeD.being,1.动词+宾语从句一个坚持：insist;两个命令：order,command;三个建议：suggest,propose,advise;四个要求：desire,demand,ask,requireIproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.,虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形,2.Itis(was)+上述动词的过去分词+that主语从句Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.3.Itis(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/natural/possible/apity/nowonder+that主语从句Itisbestthathe(should)setoffatonce.Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.,虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形,4.order等+be+表语从句Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforadoctor.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.5.order等+同位语从句Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?,上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等。,虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形,Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.,记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气insist表示将来的动作时，用虚拟形式；insist表示状态或过去的动作时，用陈述语气。suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式；suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,1.Iinsistthatadoctor_immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Itissuggestedthatthejob_doneinanotherway.A.wasB.wastobeC.beD.mustbe3.Hehadanideathatwe_bybike.A.shallgoB.goC.wentD.wouldgo4.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting_offtilltomorrow.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputting,5.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.does;wouldbeset6.Itisnecessarythatyou_presentatthediscussion.A.willbeB.areC.shouldbeD.wouldbe7.Thebossgaveordersthatthework_atonce.A.willbestartedB.mustbestartedC.bestartedD.shouldstart8.Theguardthereinsistedthateverybody_therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey,wish,asif以及ifonly的虚拟形式：这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。随“时”变化的几种用法：,1.IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.Idratherthatyou_thereyesterdayand_againnextweekend.A.went;shouldcomeB.shouldgo;hadcomeC.hadgone;cameD.go;come4.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.Iblamedheryesterday.Iwouldratheryou_that.A.didntdoB.hadntdoneC.wouldntdoD.shouldntdo6.Heisaverybraveman.Yes.IwishI_hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,Itistimethat的虚拟形式ItistimethatItishightimethatItisabouttimethat,谓语动词的虚拟形式为：动词过去式(be多为were)/should+do,Itistime还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：,Itistime(forsb.)todosth.Itistimeforsth./doingsth.Itisthefirsttimethat(从句用陈述语气的现在完成时),1.Itishightimeyou_thebus.A.hadcaughtB.caughtC.willcatchD.catch2.Itsabouttimehe_todothework.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beginD.began3.Itshightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.goD.willgo4.Itistimewe_upourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum,（一）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。,1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid,Withoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricity,（二）、时间错综句从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：,Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.,1.Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,it_now.A.wouldntdieB.isdeadC.hadbeendeadD.willnotdie2.Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,he_TVnow.A.wouldwatchB.wouldhavewatchedC.wouldbewatchingD.iswatching,（三）