惠特曼的草叶集简介(英文)PPT课件

.,1,.,2,.,3,.,4,LeavesofGrass,OnJuly4,2005,wecelebratedthe150thanniversaryofwhatispossiblythegreatestbookofAmericanpoetryeverwritten.in1855,WaltWhitmanpublishedhisfirsteditionofLeavesofGrass,aslimvolumeconsistingoftwelveuntitledpoemsandapreface.,.,5,Well-knownpoemsinthe1855editionincludeSongofMyself,alongpoeminfifty-twosections,whichisconsideredbymanytobehismasterpiece.ItcontainssuchnotablelinesasIamlarge,IcontainmultitudesandIbequeathmyselftothedirttogrowfromthegrassIlove,/Ifyouwantmeagainlookformeunderyourboot-soles.,LeavesofGrass,.,6,Uponpublication,hesentacopytoRalphWaldoEmerson.TheletterfromEmersonincludedthenowfamousline:Igreetyouatthebeginningofagreatcareer.“LeavesofGrassgrewthroughitsfivesubsequentversionsineighteditionsintoaheftybookof389poems,infourteensprawlingsections:Eachsectionisself-contained,asifitwereabookinitself.,LeavesofGrass,.,7,ThecriticalandpopularresponsetoLeavesofGrasswasmixedandbewildered.Themajorityofthereaderswhohappenedtohavecomeuponthebookseemtohavebeensimplyindifferent.,LeavesofGrass,.,8,LeavesofGrass,Afewweeksafterthebookspublication,EmersonacknowledgedthegiftinaletterinwhichdeclaredthathefoundincomparablethingssaidincomparablywellinLeavesofGrass.ThepraisefromtheauthorofSelf-RelianceandThePoetwasenoughtooutweightheindifferenceorhostilityofallotherreadersandtostartWhitmanonhisplansforthe1856edition.,.,9,ReactionstoWhitmanhavebeenatbothextremes:hisbookhasbeenbannedforsensualityonedecade,andthenpraisedasthecornerstoneofAmericanpoeticsthenext.Withtheupcoming150thanniversary,AmericaspoetsandcriticshavefoundunmediatedloveforourmostAmericanpoet,themanwhocametoshapetheirideasofnationhood,democracy,andfreedom.Itisunlikelytobecomeaburiedmasterpieceagain.,LeavesofGrass,.,10,WhitmansgreatsubjectwasAmerica,buthewroteonanexpansivevarietyofsmallersubjectstoaccomplishthetaskofcapturingtheessenceofthiscountry.Someofhismanysubjectsincludedslavery,democracy,thevariousoccupationsandtypesofwork,theAmericanlandscape,thesea,thenaturalworld,theCivilWar,education,aging,deathandimmortality,poverty,romanticlove,spirituality,andsocialchange.,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,11,Whitmanspoetryisdemocraticinbothitssubjectmatteranditslanguage.WeseeWhitmanbreakingnewgroundinbothsubjectmatteranddiction.Subjects:thenewAmerica;himselfThestatedmissionofhispoetrywas,inhiswords,tomakeanattempttoputaPerson,ahumanbeing(myself,inthelatterhalfofthe19thcentury,inAmerica)freely,fully,andtrulyonrecord.,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,12,WhitmansgreatestlegacyishisinventionofatrulyAmericanfreeverse.Althoughwritteninfreeverse,meaningthatitisnotstrictlymeteredorrhymed,sectionsofLeavesofGrassapproachiambicmeter.,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,13,Rhyme:therepetitionofsimilarsounds.Inpoetry,themostcommonkindofrhymeisendrhyme,whichoccursattheendoftwoormroelines.Internalrhymeoccursinthemiddleofaline,asintheselinesfromColeridge,Inmistorcloud,onmastorshroudorWhilesallthenightthroughfog-smokewhite(TheAncientMariner).Therearemanykindsofendrhyme:,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,14,Truerhymeiswhatmostpeoplethinkofasrhyme;thesoundsarenearlyidentical-notion,motion,potion,forexample.Weakrhyme,referstowordswithsimilarbutnotidenticalsounds,e.g.,notion-nation,bear-bore,ear-are.EmilyDickinsonfrequentlyusespartialrhymes.Eyerhymeoccurswhenwordslookalikebutdontsoundalike-e.g.,bear-ear.,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,15,Meter:arhythmofaccentedandunaccentedsyllableswhichareorganizedintorepeatedpatterns,calledfeet.Iambic:afootconsistingofanunaccentedandaccentedsyllable.Shakespeareoftenusesiambic,forexamplethebeginningofHamletsspeech,Tobeornottobe.Comelivewithmeandbemylove.,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,16,Trochaic:afootconsistingofanaccentedandunaccentedsyllable.LongfellowsHiawathausesthismeter,whichcanquicklybecomesingsong(theaccentedsyllableisitalicized):BytheshoresofGitcheGumeeBytheshiningBig-Sea-water.ThethreewitchesspeechinMacbethusesit:Double,double,toilandtrouble.,LeavesofGrass:SubjectsandStyle,.,17,Imageryisanyliteraryreferencetothefivesenses(sight,touch,smell,hearing,andtaste).Essentially,imageryisagroupofwordst