新视野商务英语综合教程 Unit 2ppt课件ppt课件

.,1,.,2,.,3,UnitOverviewBystudyingthisunit,youareexpectedto:learnthecommontypesofcompanystructure;describeacompanysstructure;knowhowtowriteane-mailtointroduceanewcolleague.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,4,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,5,Unit2CompanyStructure,Task1,Task2,.,6,Inacompanytherearevariousdepartmentswithdifferentfunctions.Discusswithyourclassmatesthespecificfunctionofeachofthefollowingdepartments.,Task1,1,2,3,4,5,6,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,7,TheHumanResourcesDepartment(人力资源部)isresponsibleforthemanagementofacompanysworkforce,andoverseesthepracticesandpoliciesthataffecttheorganizationsemployees.Itisresponsiblefortheattraction,selection,training,assessment,andrewardingofemployees;itoverseesorganizationalleadershipandculture,andensurescompliancewithemploymentandlaborlaws.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,8,TheCustomerCareDepartment(客户服务部),alsocalledCustomerServiceDepartment,istoattractandretaincustomers.Peopleinthisdepartmentconsultcustomersabouttheirneedsviae-mail,telephoneorinperson.Theyhandleandresolvecustomercomplaints,andconductcustomersatisfactionsurveysonaparticularproductorservice.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,9,TheMarketingDepartment(市场部)createsvalueforcustomersandbuildsstrongcustomerrelationshipsinordertogetvaluefromcustomersinreturn.Itsjobincludesidentifyingtargetcustomers,clarifyingcustomersneeds,keepingtrackofthetrendsofaparticularfield,anddevelopingproductpromotionandadvertisingactivities.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,10,TheBoardofDirectors(董事会)isveryinfluentialinacompany.Itdecidesthedirectionthecompanyheadsforandisdirectlyaccountabletotheshareholders.Eachyearthecompanywillholdanannualgeneralmeeting(AGM)atwhichthedirectorsmakeareporttotheshareholdersontheperformanceofthecompanythisyear.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,11,ThePublicRelationsDepartment(公关系部)isresponsibleforgivingagoodPictureofthecompanytothepublic.Itmanagesthepublicrelationsstrategy,takescareofthecompanysrelationshipwiththemassmedia,andprovidesthepublicwithnecessaryinformationsoastomaintainagoodrelationwiththepublic.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,12,TheProductionDepartment(生产部)istoturninput(e.g.rawmaterials,labor,etc)intooutput(goods),andtoinsurethatthegoodsmeetthecustomersneeds.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,13,Unit2CompanyStructure,Task2,Thefollowingaresomecommonpositionsinmostcompanies.PutthemintoChinese.,1.CEO(ChiefExecutiveOfficer)2.CFO(ChiefFinanceOfficer)3.SalesDirector4.PersonnelManager5.PublicRelationsManager6.ChiefAccountant,首席执行官,首席财务官,销售总监,人事经理,公关经理,总会计师,.,14,Unit2CompanyStructure,StartingPoint,Text,UnderstandingtheText,Activity1,DealingwithLanguage,FocusingOnGrammar,Setting,Activity2,.,15,TheHRDepartmentisofferingjoborientationtothenewemployees.Onthefirstday,theemployeesgettolearnaboutdifferenttypesofcompanystructure.,Setting:,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,16,StartingPoint,Task1,Acompanyschoiceofitsstructureisusuallyaffectedbymanyfactors.Thefollowingaresome.Canyouaddsomemore?,Unit2CompanyStructure,1.Businessscalehowlargethecompanyis2.Staffnumberthenumberofemployees3.Typeofownershipwhoownsthecompany4.Stageofdevelopmenthowwellisthecompanydevelopedundercertainstructure5.Typeofbusinesstheparticularfieldwhichthebusinessspecializesin.6.Developmentstrategyhowacompanyisgoingtopositionitselfinthemarketintermsoftheproductsorservicesitprovides.7.Targetmarketthetargetcustomersneeds.Changesinthetargetmarketmayalsocausechangesinthecompanysstructure.,Forexample,thestructureofacompanyprovidingtravelingservicesmaydifferalotfromthatofabig-brandrestaurant.,Forexample,manyfastdevelopingcompaniestendtobesmallandflexiblesothattheycanreacttochangesinthebusinessenvironmentquickly.,.,17,Unit2CompanyStructure,CompanyStructure,Acompanycanbeorganizedinmanydifferentways,dependingonitsgoals.Thestructureofacompanywilldeterminethewaysinwhichitoperatesandperforms.Herearesomeofthemostcommontypesofcompanystructures.,.,18,AnEntrepreneurialStructureismostcommoninsmallcompanies.Thecompanystructureistotallycentralized.Thismeansthattheleader,whoisusuallyalsotheowner,makesallthekeydecisions.Communicationbetweentheleaderandemployeesisviaface-to-faceconversations.Itisparticularlyusefulfornewbusinessesasitenablestheleadertocontrolgrowthanddevelopment.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,19,Unit2CompanyStructure,AFunctionalStructureisbestsuitedtolargecompaniessothatcostscanbekeptlow.Employeesperformspecializedtasks.Forinstance,activitiesrelatedtoproduction,marketingandfinancewillbeseparatedintothreedepartments.,.,20,However,themarketingdepartmentmightincludesales,advertisingandpromotions.Thisleadstoanefficientbusinesswherecostsarekeptlowwithineachdepartment.However,itcouldalsoleadtoalackofcommunicationwithinthecompany,makingthecompanyinflexibleandslowtorespondwhenchangesarerequired.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,21,Unit2CompanyStructure,ADivisionalStructuredividesthecompanyaccordingtothetypeofwork,regionorproduct.Eachdivisioncontainsallthenecessaryresourcesandfunctionswithinit.Anautomobilecompanywithadivisionalstructuremighthaveonedivisionforsportscars,anotherforsubcompactcars,andathirdforsedans.,.,22,Eachdivisionisresponsibleforitsproductsandhasitsownresourcessuchasfinance,marketingandequipment.Thisstructureallowsflexibilityandaquickresponsetochangesinthemarketplace.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,23,Unit2CompanyStructure,AMatrixStructuregroupsemployeesbybothfunctionandproduct.Asimpleexampleofamatrixstructurewouldbewhenindividualswithinthecompanyarebroughttogetherinordertocompleteaparticularprojectortask.Theindividualsarechosenfortheirparticularskillsandknowledgeaccordingtotheneedsoftheproject.ThestrengthoftheMatrixStructurelieswiththesharingofinformationandpersonnel.,.,24,Ingeneral,ithasbecomeincreasinglyclearthatthroughforcesofglobalization,competitionandmoredemandingcustomers,thestructureofmanycompanieshasbecomeflatterandlesshierarchical.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,25,公司结构根据发展目标的不同，公司可以选择不同的组织结构。而公司的组织结构又将决定其运作经营的模式。以下是几种最常见的公司结构。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,26,创业型结构在小规模的公司中最为常见。创业型结构的管理是完全集权化的，这意味着所有的重要决定都是由公司的领导者，通常也是公司的所有者作出的，上司与员工之间通过面对面的谈话进行沟通。这种结构于领导者掌握公司的成长与发展的状况，对新公司尤其有利。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,27,职能制结构有助于低成本运作，大型公司尤其适合。在这种结构下，员工各自执行专门的工作任务。例如，生产、市场营销和财务分属三个部门。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,28,而市场营销部门则又可能包含销售、广告和推销工作。这样一来，各部门可以在保持低成本的前提下实现高效率运作。然而，这也会导致公司内部缺乏交流，在需要进行调整时，缺乏灵活性，反应迟缓。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,29,在部门制结构下，公司部门根据工作种类、区域划分或产品类型进行划分，每个部门都拥有一切必需的资源和功能。采取部门制结构的汽车公司可能会为跑车、超小型汽车和小轿车分别设立部门。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,30,每个部门负责其特定产品，且各自拥有财政、市场和设备等方面的资源。采取这种结构的公司在面临市场调整时更加灵活，反应迅速。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,31,矩阵式结构依据功能和产品划分员工工作。举一个关于矩阵式结构的简单例子：为了完成某个项目或任务，根据项目需求，公司会从内部（各部门）挑选有相关技能和知识的员工（组成项目组）。矩阵式结构的优势在于它实现了内部信息和人力资源的共享。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,32,总而言之，在全球化的潮流下，竞争日趋激烈，消费者的需求日益增加，我们越来越清晰地看到，许多公司的组织结构正变得更为精炼简单，等级概念也越来越淡化。,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,33,Unit2CompanyStructure,determine,v.规定；决定,Socialstatusislargelydeterminedbytheoccupationofthemainbreadwinner.Whatdetermineswhetheryouareacareersuccessorafailure?determinationShereaffirmedherdeterminationtoovercomealldifficultiesthatwouldoccurinthedaystocome.,e.g.,e.g.,.,34,Unit2CompanyStructure,performv.运作,Allsystemsonthespaceshuttleappeartobeperformingwell.,e.g.,Whentheressnowandice,howsthiscargoingtoperform?,.,35,Unit2CompanyStructure,centralize,v.集权；把（权利）集中,Powertendstocentralizeinthehandsofthosewhouseit.,centralizationn.集权化,NowhereinBritainhasbureaucraticcentralizationproceededwithmorepacethaninScotland.,e.g.,Attemptstocentralizetheeconomyhavefailed.,e.g.,.,36,Unit2CompanyStructure,viaprep.通过；借助于,Translatorscannowworkfromhome,viaelectronicmailsystems.,ItseasytocheckyourbankaccountviatheInternet.prep.经由；经过Mr.BakerwillreturnhomeviaBelgiumandFrance.,e.g.,e.g.,.,37,Unit2CompanyStructure,enablev.使能够；使有机会,Thegoalofthetrainingistoenableemployeestoworkasateam.,e.g.,Themoneywillenableustohiremoreworkers.,.,38,Unit2CompanyStructure,specializedadj.专门的；专业的,Theagencyhelpsbusinessesfillhighlyspecializedpositions.,e.g.,marketingn.市场营销,Holbrookhasapositioninmarketingforalargedepartmentstore.,TheSpecializedassetsdonottransfereasily.,e.g.,.,39,Unit2CompanyStructure,financen.财政；财务；金融,Financeisusuallythebiggestproblemforstudents.,e.g.,v.为提供（筹措）资金,Morethan100,000wasdonatedtohelpfinanceRyanshearttransplant.,e.g.,Wefinancedthenewhousethroughthecreditunion.,.,40,Unit2CompanyStructure,salesn.推销活动,Thoseinabusinesswhoareresponsibleforsales.,e.g.,ManystoreshavestartedtheirJanuarysalesamonthearly.,.,41,Unit2CompanyStructure,promotionn.促销；宣传,During1984,Remingtonspentalotofmoneyonadvertisingandpromotion.,e.g.,n.晋升；升职,CooperannouncedthepromotionofMooretovicechairman.,e.g.,.,42,Unit2CompanyStructure,inflexibleadj.不易改变的,Charleswasamanofsettledhabitsandinflexibleroutine.,e.g.,Theproposedlawispoorlywrittenandinflexible.,e.g.,respondv.做出反应；回应,Howdidtheyrespondtoyourcriticism?,Thepatientrespondedwelltosurgery.,.,43,Unit2CompanyStructure,requirev.需要,e.g.,Thiswillrequiresomecleardiscussionsandcarefulnegotiation.,Thejobrequiresacollegedegreeandaknowledgeofcomputers.,.,44,Unit2CompanyStructure,divisionaladj.部门的,Theteamwonthedivisionalchampionship.,e.g.,n.部门,ThecompanysCreditDataDivisionisbasedinOrangeCounty.,e.g.,division,.,45,Unit2CompanyStructure,divisionaladj.部门的,Theteamwonthedivisionalchampionship.,e.g.,n.部门,e.g.,ThecompanysCreditDataDivisionisbasedinOrangeCounty.,division,.,46,Unit2CompanyStructure,regionn.地区；区域,Snowisexpectedinmountainregions.,e.g.,Taxincentiveswouldbeusedtoattractfirmstotheregions,awayfromtheSouth-East.,adj.地区的；区域的,e.g.,regional,Itisnotsurprisingtofindregionalvariationsinunemployment.,.,47,Unit2CompanyStructure,resourcen.(人力、财力、物力）等资源,Todayweareoverpopulated,strainingtheearthsresources.,e.g.,Thepoliceusedeveryavailableresourcetotrackdownthekiller.,.,48,subcompact,n.超小型汽车,PlanscallfortheSwatchmobiletobe20%smallerthanatypicalsubcompact,abletowheelintoaparkingspacesideways,costabout$10,000andreach90milesanhour.,e.g.,sedann.厢式小客车；小汽车,A10%pricereductionforsedan-carsisforecastinthenearfuture.,e.g.,Unit2CompanyStructure,.,49,Unit2CompanyStructure,flexibilityn.灵活；变通,Thenewsoftwarepackagecombinespowerwithmaximumflexibility.,e.g.,Beingself-employedallowedhimtheflexibilitytoworkunusualhours.,.,50,Unit2CompanyStructure,responsen.反应；回应,Thepublicresponsetothenewmodelhasbeenverypositive.,e.g.,Shesaidshewaswritinginresponseto(=asaresponseto)anadinthepaper.,.,51,Unit2CompanyStructure,matrixn.矩阵,TheAnsoffMatrixillustratesmajorbusinessstrategieswhichhaveastrongimpactonmarketingstrategy.,e.g.,n.网络；网状物,Birminghamhasbeendescribedasamatrixofsmallworkshops.,e.g.,.,52,Unit2CompanyStructure,individualn.个体；个人,Theywaitforthegrouptodecideratherthanmakingindividualdecisions.,e.g.,Dividethevegetablesamongfourindividualdishes.,.,53,Unit2CompanyStructure,particularadj.具体的；特定的；某一的,Fatigueisaparticularproblemforwomen.,e.g.,n.全体职员,Allpersonnelmustattendthemeeting.,e.g.,Particularemphasiswillbeplacedonorallanguagetraining.,personnel,.,54,Unit2CompanyStructure,globalizationn.全球化,Weneedtotakeamorepositivestancetowardsglobalization.,e.g.,TrendstowardtheglobalizationofindustryhavedramaticallyaffectedfoodproductioninCalifornia.,.,55,Unit2CompanyStructure,demandingadj.（人）苛求的,Hefoundhecouldnolongercopewithhisdemandingjob.,e.g.,v.要求；需要,Idemandtoknowwhatsgoingonhere!,e.g.,HerbosswasverydemandingbutappreciativeofChristinastalents.,demand,.,56,Unit2CompanyStructure,hierarchicaladj.等级制度的,Itisaveryhierarchicalcompanyandthereslittleplaceforindividualinitiative.,e.g.,n.网络；网状物,Ahierarchyofideasandbeliefsinvolvesorganizingthemintoasystemorstructure.,e.g.,TheorderofTheRepublicthroughoutisarchitectonicandhierarchical.,hierarchy,.,57,Unit2CompanyStructure,dependon视而定；取决（于）Hedependedonhiswritingforhisincome.Admissiontotheuniversitydependssolelyonastudentsperformance.,e.g.,.,58,Unit2CompanyStructure,forinstance例如Letyourchildmakesomeofthesmalldecisionsconcerninghisdailyroutine.Forinstance,allowhimtochoosewhatclotheshewearsattheweekend.OldEnglishwasinmanywayssimilartoModernGerman.Forinstance,thenouns,adjectives,andverbswerehighlyinflected.,e.g.,.,59,Unit2CompanyStructure,separateinto把分开Thepolicewantedtoseparatethemintosmallergroups.Wallersteinsworkcanbeseparatedintothreemaincomponentthemes.,e.g.,.,60,Unit2CompanyStructure,leadto导致Ethnictensionsamongtherepublicscouldleadtocivilwar.Hewarnedyesterdaythatapayriseforteacherswouldleadtojobcuts.,e.g.,.,61,Unit2CompanyStructure,liewith在于；取决于Inthelastanalysis,theresponsibilityforthisfailuremustliewiththechiefengineer.Thefaultdoesnotliewiththegovernmentofficials.,e.g.,.,62,Unit2CompanyStructure,UnderstandingtheText,Writedowntheappropriatetypeofcompanystructureundereachchartaccordingtothetext.,Task2,FunctionalStructure,EntrepreneurialStructure,MatrixStructure,DivisionalStructure,.,63,Unit2CompanyStructure,Task3,Answerthequestionswiththeinformationyoufindinthetext.,Whichofthefourtypesofcompanystructureisthemostcommoninsmallcompanies?,EntrepreneurialStructure.,Thedisadvantageisalackofcommunicationwithinthecompany,makingthecompanyinflexibleandslowtorespondwhenchangesarerequired.,1.,2.WhatisthedisadvantageofFunctionalStructure?,.,64,Unit2CompanyStructure,3.WhatistheadvantageofDivisionalStructure?,Thisstructureallowsflexibilityandaquickresponsetochangesinthemarketplace.,Theindividualsarechosenfortheirparticularskillsandknowledgeaccordingtotheneedsoftheproject.,InMatrixStructure,howareindividualschosentoworkforaparticularprojectortask?,4.,Task3,Answerthequestionswiththeinformationyoufindinthetext.,.,65,Unit2CompanyStructure,Workinpairs.Supposeyouareoneoftheemployeeswhohavelearnedaboutthefourtypesofcompanystructure.Nowbrieflysummarizewhatyouhavelearnedandtellittoyourpartner.,1,.,66,Unit2CompanyStructure,EntrepreneurialStructureAdvantages:quickdecisionmakingaspoweriscentralized;timelyresponsetochanges.Disadvantages:notsuitableforlargerbusiness;topmanagerscarryingaheavyworkload;littleinitiativefromthestaffastheyarenotincludedinthedecision-makingprocess.,Knowmore:,.,67,Unit2CompanyStructure,FunctionalStructureAdvantages:employeeshavingnodifficultyinunderstandingwhatisexpectedofthem;alldutiesandresponsibilitiesbeingclearlydefined.Disadvantages:departmentsbeinglimitedtotheirdutiesand,therefore,becomingshort-sighted;alackofcommunicationwithinacompanyandslowresponsetochanges.,.,68,Unit2CompanyStructure,DivisionalStructureAdvantages:flexibilityandquickresponsetochangesinthemarket;allowingateamtofocusonasingleproductorservice;beingabletobuildacommonculturethatcontributesbothtohighermoraleandabetterknowledgeofthedivisionsportfolio.Disadvantages:thepossibilityofunequalallocationofcompanyresources;divisionshavingtoomuchautonomyandbeingconcernedonlywiththeirownbusiness.,.,69,Unit2CompanyStructure,MatrixStructureAdvantages:quickresponsestochangesamonganumberofdepartments;enablingconstructivedevelopment;closercooperationandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsastheyworktowardsacommongoal;informationbeingsharedequallysodecisionscanbemadeforthebenefitofthecompany.Disadvantages:moreexpensivetorunthebusinessbecauseofthecomplexcommunicationsystem;conflictontheallocationofresourcesbetweenlinemanagersandprojectmanagers.,.,70,Unit2CompanyStructure,DealingwithLanguage,Task4,Matchthewordsandphrasesfromthetextwiththeirdefinitions.,1.operate2.entrepreneurial3.finance4.marketing5.beseparatedinto6.flexibility7.hierarchical8.response,a.theactivityofdecidinghowtoadvertiseaproduct,whatpricetochargeforitetc.,orthetypeofjobinwhichyoudothisb.thecommercialorgovernmentactivityofmanagingmoney,debt,credit,andinvestmentc.havingthequalitiesthatareneededtosucceedasanentrepreneurd.arrangedaccordingtodifferentranksorpositionse.theabilitytochangeorbechangedeasilytosuitadifferentsituationf.toorganizeabusinessoractivity,ortocarryoutyourbusinessoractivitiesinaparticularwayg.somethingthatisdoneasareactiontosomethingthathashappenedorbeensaidh.tobedividedorsplitintodifferentpartsorlayers,.,71,Unit2CompanyStructure,Task5,CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesinTask4.,Thenewpolicyofthecompanyhasprovedtobeafailedeffort.Thesalesvolumehasfallengreatly.TheDepartmentwillhelptojudgewhetheritisworthwhiletoinvestsuchalargeamountofmoneyinthisproject.MostbusinessmenherecomefromWenzhou,acityfamousforthespiritofitspeople.Thecompanyispoorlyandhasbeenlosingmoneysincelastyear.AllthememberorganizationscomewithanopenmindandarewillingtoshowtheirTheexhibitiondesignsixsectionseachspanningover20years.Inhersetofvalues,honestycomesthefirst.Wereceivedover400applicationsintoonejobadvertisement.,marketing,Finance,entrepreneurial,operated,flexibility.,isseparatedinto,hierarchical,response,.,72,Unit2CompanyStructure,Task6,Translatethesentences.Keywordsandphrasesareinbrackets.,Face-to-facecommunicationbetweentheemployerandemployeesareusuallyadoptedinsmallbusinesses.(面对面沟通),2.Apublishingcompanywithadivisionalstructuremighthaveonedivisionfortextbooks,anotherforperiodicals,andathirdforpopculturereadingmaterials.(一个，另一个，还有一个),小型企业常采取雇主与员工面对面的沟通方式。,采用部门制结构的出版公司可能会下设如下部门：教材部、期刊部以及大众读部。,.,73,Unit2CompanyStructure,我想知道史密斯先生是如何对这些批评做出回应的。(respondto,criticism),3.Inthiscase,theresponsibilityofthisfailuremustliewiththechiefengineer.(在于),4.你已经长大了，不能再靠你父亲来解决这些问题。(dependon),在这次事件中，失败的责任一定在总工程师身上。,Sinceyouhavegrownup,youshouldnolongerdependonyourfathertosolvetheseproblems.,IwouldliketoknowhowMr.Smithrespondedtothecriticism.,Task6,Translatethesentences.Keywordsandphrasesareinbrackets.,.,74,Unit2CompanyStructure,2,Workingroups.Mostcompaniespresenttheircompaniesstructuresonline.Searchonlineforacompanysstructure,andintroduceittotheclass.Whilepreparingtheintroduction,remember:,noteverycompanysstructurecanexactlymatchoneofthefourtypesinReadingA;drawingachartcanhelptomakeyourintroductioneasiertounderstand.,.,75,Unit2CompanyStructure,2,Youcanorganizetheirintroductionbythefollowingsteps:StarttheintroductionWedliketointroduceWedliketosayafewwordsaboutShowtheintroductionoutlineTheintroductionwillbemadefromaspects.Ivedividedourpresentationintosections.IntroducestepbystepFirstofall/FirstThen/SecondThirdFinallyConclusionTosumup,.,76,动词后缀,在名词或形容词后增加后缀构成动词是一种常见的构词法。课文中出现的-ize即为常见的动词后缀