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Unit1,RevisetheInfinitive,DoyoubelieveIusedtobeveryfat?,Itshardforyou_now._istobelieve.,Tosee,tobelievethat,Howcanyoubelieve?,Theinfinitive,Trytofindthesentenceswhichcontaintheinfinitives.,Unfortunately,thedoctorsdontknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.,2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.,6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.7.LastyearIinventedandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.,8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.,不定式由“to+do(动词原形)”构成,其否定形式是“nottodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。,Thedefinitionofinfinitive,1.主语(subject)2.表语(predicative)3.宾语(object)4.宾补(objectcomplement)5.定语(attribute)6.状语(adverbial)7.独立结构(absoluteconstruction),Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,ItsimportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionarywhenyoustudyEnglish.,若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。,1.不定式作主语(subject),Myjobtoprotecttheworld.,is,2.不定式作表语(predicative),Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.,不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。,Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。,LinShuhaolikestoplaybasketball.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)_ifhewantstowin.,句型:think/consider/find/+it+adj.+todo,toworkhard,某些动词后往往用it作形式宾语,不定式后置。,3.不定式作宾语(object),agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish+todo,常见动词不定式作宾语的动词有:,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed,e.g.Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,Lookatthesentencesandfindtherules.,不定式可以用在某些形容词后作宾语,如:,Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.,4.不定式作宾补(objectcomplement),Theteachertoldme_.,+sb.todosth.,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,expect,tocleantheblackboard,引导不定式作宾补的动词,1.不定式在感官动词(feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,notice,observe)后;2.使役动词(let,have,make)后。,不定式作宾补时不带to的情况,五看(watch,see,lookat,notice,observe)三使(make,let,have)二听(listento,hear)一感觉(feel),1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.,MothermadeJohnwashthecar.,Johnwasmadetowashthecar.,以上的动词用于被动式,to要还原,Comparison,1.Itislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.,5.不定式作定语(attribute),不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a)Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.(b)Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.,Detailedexplanation,2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时e.g.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.,3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语。,4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需加适当的介词。e.g.Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite_.,on,1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗?2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?,(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you),(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse),e.g.Igotupearly_.,inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,tocatchthetrain,在一些短语中也有体现:,6.不定式作状语(adverbial),Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.,2.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.,3.Hewokeuponlytofindthathewassleepingoutdoors.,不定式作状语的作用,表示目的,表示结果,出乎意思的结果,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruth,7.独立结构(absoluteconstruction),1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.,Identifyitsfunction,subject,subject,predicative,4.Idonthavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.,attribute,attribute,object,object,8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.,adverbial,adverbial,objectcomplement,todo,tohavedone,tobedoing,tohavebeendoing,tobedone,tohavebeendone,Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。,Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。,Hehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。,主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.,Somethingworthyourattention,stoptodosth.停下来去做某事doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事doingsth.忘记已做了某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得曾经做某事,e.g.Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.,1.主语+be+adj.+todo,能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.,Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.,2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todo,Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.,3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo,Livingwellmeansenjoyingthesamerightsandthesameopportunitiesforagoodlife.Completethepassagebelowaboutamanwhohelpedgiveopportunitiestoblackpeoplein19th-centuryEngland.Remembertouseinfinitivescorrectly.,WilliamWilberforcewasagreatman.Heisknow_(spend)eighteenyearsfightingforslaves._(free)slaveswasaverykindman,whodidnotlike_(see)peoplegoinghungryorinpain.Hewantedtodosomegoodintheworld.Thecausewhichattractedhimmostwastheabolitionoftheslavetrade.,tohavespend,Tofree,tosee,Africansweretakenfromtheirhomesandsoldinmarkets.Amasterwasablebylaw_(treat)hisservantsashewishedevenworkingthemtodeathifhewantedto.Wilberforcewasnottheonlypersonthatwasinterestedinthiscause,buthewasinpoliticsandsoable_(helppass)thelawwhichmadeitillegal.,totreat,tohelppass,Finallytheslavetradewasabolishedin1807.Wilberforcethenresignedfromgovernmentin1825anddiedin1833,justafterthelawwaspassedwhichwaseventually_(abolish)slaveryinEngland.,toabolish,Haveyoueverwishedtogobackintimeandmeetfamouspeoplefromthepast?Theymightbeleaders,pioneersorwritersofgreatliterature.Inpairsdiscusswhoyouwouldliketohavemet.,Pairwork,S1:Whowouldyouliketohavemet/seen/spokento/talkedwith/?S2:Idliketohavemet/seen/spokento/talkedwith/S1:Whywouldyouchoosehim/her?S2:Idliketohaveaskedhim/her,Example:,观察下列各句,说出划线部分在句中充当什么句子成分。1.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.2.Hedecidedtobuythatinterestingnovelthenextday.3.Hewasthelastonetocomeintothemeetingroomyesterday.,主语,宾语,定语,4.Weoftenhearhimreadaloudneartherivereverymorning.5.Herdreamistowinagoldmedalinthe2012LondonOlympicGames.6.LittleOliverwasmadetostealmoneyfrompassersby.,表语,补语,补语,7.Theyhurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadjustleft.8.LeeLeimakesitaruletogetupearlyeverymorning.,状语,宾语,请完成下列对话。1.A:Hello,Kevin,howwasyoursummerholiday?Youseemtohaveenjoyedafantasticone.B:Yes,ofcourse.IwenttoMountainTaiwithmyfamily._(它确实是个值得去的好地方).Toshareitwithyou,Itookalotofpictures.AndIhavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.A:Great!,Itisreallyagoodplacetovisit,2.A:Julia,Ihaveameetingtoattendtomorrow,soIwillflytoWuhan._(有没有什么东西需要给你带的)?B:Nothanks.Oh,bytheway,didyougotoStefanieSunsconcertyesterday?,Doyouhaveanythingtobetakenforyou,A:Ihurrie
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